By precisely etching tiny features--smaller than a wavelength of light--onto a silicon film one thousand times thinner than a human hair, the researchers were able to select the range of colors the material would reflect,
or wavelengths of light. Those that aren't absorbed are reflected back, with shorter wavelengths giving objects a blue hue and longer wavelengths appearing redder and the entire rainbow of possible combinations in between.
Changing the color of a surface, such as the leaves on the trees in autumn, requires a change in chemical make-up.
and reflect particular wavelengths of light. This type of"structural color"is much less common in nature,
Controlling light with structures rather than traditional optics is not new. In astronomy, for example, evenly spaced slits known as diffraction gratings are used routinely to direct light
and spread it into its component colors. Efforts to control color with this technique, however, have proved impractical
Rather than spreading the light into a complete rainbow, however, these ridges--or bars--reflect a very specific wavelength of light.
By"tuning"the spaces between the bars, it's possible to select the specific color to be reflected.
Unlike the slits in a diffraction grating, however, the silicon bars were extremely efficient and readily reflected the frequency of light they were tuned to.
Flexibility Is the Key to Controlsince the spacing or period, of the bars is the key to controlling the color they reflect,
spaced so they can interact with a specific wavelength of light, you can change its properties
and how it interacts with light by changing its dimensions, "said Chang-Hasnain. Earlier efforts to develop a flexible,
reflecting only a portion of the light they received. Other surfaces were too thick, limiting their applications,
orange, and red-across a 39-nanometer range of wavelengths. Future designs, the researchers believe,
and reflect light with even greater efficiency. Chameleon Skin with Multiple Applicationsfor this demonstration, the researchers created a one-centimeter square layer of color-shifting silicon.
Through world-renowned publications, meetings and membership initiatives, OSA provides quality research, inspired interactions and dedicated resources for its extensive global network of optics and photonics experts.
OSA is a founding partner of the National Photonics Initiative and the 2015 International Year of Light.
online-only journal dedicated to the rapid dissemination of high-impact peer-reviewed research across the entire spectrum of optics and photonics.
2015new nanowire structure absorbs light efficiently: Dual-type nanowire arrays can be used in applications such as LEDS and solar cells February 25th, 2015qd Vision Named Edison Award Finalist for Innovative Color IQ Quantum dot Technology February 23rd,
Study sheds light on why foreign STEM students stay in US or return home March 11th, 2015announcements Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
STORM overcomes the diffraction limit that normally restricts the spatial resolution of conventional microscopes and enables us to precisely define the chromatin fibre structure",states Prof.
An international team of researchers has used infinitely short light pulses to observe ultrafast changes in the electron-level properties of superconductors, setting a new standard for temporal resolution in the field.
"The solution we devised is based on the use of ultrafast light pulses, lasting 10 femtoseconds or 10 million billionths of a second,"says Claudio Giannetti of the Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy,
"It was an exciting challenge to merge completely different results and approaches, such as ultrafast laser optics, photoelectron spectroscopies,
and the possibility of combining cutting-edge photoelectron spectroscopies with state-of-the-art ultrafast techniques will be an exciting new avenue in UBC's research portfolio as our capacities grow."#
March 10th, 2015photonics/Optics/Lasers Innovative light therapy reaches deep tumors March 9th, 2015quantum sensor's advantages survive entanglement breakdown:
The team used pulsed laser deposition to co-deposit epitaxial? -Bi2o3 and disordered platinum. Annealing the film in air forced the platinum to oxidize
Utah engineers take big step toward much faster computers The Utah engineers have developed an ultracompact beamsplitter--the smallest on record--for dividing light waves into two separate channels of information.
The device brings researchers closer to producing silicon photonic chips that compute and shuttle data with light instead of electrons.
Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics.
Silicon photonics could significantly increase the power and speed of machines such as supercomputers, data center servers and the specialized computers that direct autonomous cars and drones with collision detection.
Eventually the technology could reach home computers and mobile devices and improve applications from gaming to video streaming."
the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router or computer can handle the information.
"With all light, computing can eventually be millions of times faster, "says Menon. To help do that, the U engineers created a much smaller form of a polarization beamsplitter
(which looks somewhat like a barcode) on top of a silicon chip that can split guided incoming light into its two components.
And because photonic chips shuttle photons instead of electrons, mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets built with this technology would consume less power,
The first supercomputers using silicon photonics--already under development at companies such as Intel and IBM--will use hybrid processors that remain partly electronic.
Solvents and their potential side effects are progressively being replaced by the likes of lasers, to removed dirt and varnish from paintings.
They are used also in other industries to manufacture fuel cells, batteries, filters and light-emitting screens."
Rice U. researchers flex muscle of laser-written microsupercapacitors May 18th, 2015announcements Nanotherapy effective in mice with multiple myeloma May 21st, 2015turn that defect upside down:
2015patents/IP/Tech Transfer/Licensing Novel superconducting undulator provides first x-ray light at ANKA May 1st,
In the research published in Nature Photonics, a collaboration including Itaru Osaka and Kazuo Takimiya of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science managed to create a type of polymer solar cell called a bulk-heterojunction solar cellhere the electron donor
where the light enters through a transparent negative electrode, in our case made of zinc oxide,
The photonics advancement could improve early cancer detection, nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd,
The photonics advancement could improve early cancer detection, nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd, 2015aspen Aerogels to Present at the Cowen and Company Technology,
Joins IRT Nanoelec Silicon photonics Program May 21st, 2015govt. -Legislation/Regulation/Funding/Policy Who needs water to assemble DNA?
The photonics advancement could improve early cancer detection, nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd,201 0
but also reinforce a device security properties as they cannot be reproduced by copying or classical holography.
and reflection (shining a light on or through the image) an effect impossible for a hologram to achieve.
An example of Pearl can be viewed at: www. nanosecurity. ca/newsrelease2015may27. Doug Blakeway, Nanotech Chief executive officer, commented,
by using the molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) method*3. Then they carefully investigated the electronic structure of grown films by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)* 4 Fig. 2. In the ARPES measurement,
head of Leti Optics and Photonics Department. eti technology breakthrough is the first demonstration of a high-brightness,
The electromagnetic radiation discharged by electronic equipment and devices is known to hinder their smooth operation. Conventional materials used today to shield from incoming electromagnetic waves tend to be sheets of metal or composites,
Students and faculty at Vanderbilt University fabricated these tiny Archimedes'spirals and then used ultrafast lasers at Vanderbilt and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland,
The results are reported in a paper published online by the Journal of Nanophotonics on May 21."
When these spirals are shrunk to sizes smaller than the wavelength of visible light, they develop unusual optical properties.
For example, when they are illuminated with infrared laser light, they emit visible blue light. A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate, but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
When infrared laser light strikes the tiny spirals it is absorbed by electrons in the gold arms.
The arms are so thin that the electrons are forced to move along the spiral. Electrons that are driven toward the center absorb enough energy
so that some of them emit blue light at double the frequency of the incoming infrared light.""This is similar to
The electrons at the center of the spirals are driven pretty vigorously by the laser's electric field.
The blue light is exactly an octave higher than the infrared-the second harmonic.""The nano-spirals also have a distinctive response to polarized laser light.
Linearly polarized light, like that produced by a Polaroid filter, vibrates in a single plane.
When struck by such a light beam, the amount of blue light the nano-spirals emit varies as the angle of the plane of polarization is rotated through 360 degrees.
The effect is even more dramatic when circularly polarized laser light is used. In circularly polarized light, the polarization plane rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise.
When left-handed nano-spirals are illuminated with clockwise polarized light, the amount of blue light produced is maximized
because the polarization pushes the electrons toward the center of the spiral. Counterclockwise polarized light
on the other hand, produces a minimal amount of blue light because the polarization tends to push the electrons outward
so that the waves from all around the nano-spiral interfere destructively. The combination of the unique characteristics of their frequency doubling and response to polarized light provide the nano-spirals with a unique,
customizable signature that would be extremely difficult to counterfeit, the researchers said. So far, Davidson has experimented with small arrays of gold nano-spirals on a glass substrate made using scanning electron-beam lithography.
Silver and platinum nano-spirals could be made in the same way. Because of the tiny quantities of metal actually used
they can be made inexpensively out of precious metals, which resist chemical degradation. They can also be made on plastic, paper and a number of other substrates."
And, according to Mishra, it demonstrates significant potential for UV LIGHT or gas sensing applications. Until now, we have tested sensing applications.
Black phosphorus reveals its secrets thanks to a scientific breakthrough made by a team from Universite de Montreal, Polytechnique Montreal and CNRS in France June 2nd, 2015new heterogeneous wavelength tunable laser diode for high-frequency
2015production of Nanocomposites by Using Direct Nano-Welding of Micromaterials in Iran June 4th, 2015environmental Issues to Hamper Growth of Global Nanocomposites Market June 4th, 2015optical computing/Photonic computing New
heterogeneous wavelength tunable laser diode for high-frequency efficiency June 2nd, 2015entangled photons unlock new supersensitive characterisation of quantum technology June 1st, 2015stanford breakthrough heralds super-efficient light-based computers:
Light can transmit more data while consuming far less power than electricity, and an engineering feat brings optical data transport closer to replacing wires May 29th,
2015dna Double Helix Does Double Duty in Assembling Arrays of Nanoparticles: Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015discoveries Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Produced from Natural Silk in Iran June 8th,
2015photonics/Optics/Lasers A major advance in mastering the extraordinary properties of an emerging semiconductor: Black phosphorus reveals its secrets thanks to a scientific breakthrough made by a team from Universite de Montreal, Polytechnique Montreal and CNRS in France June 2nd, 2015new heterogeneous wavelength tunable laser diode for high-frequency efficiency June 2nd,
2015entangled photons unlock new supersensitive characterisation of quantum technology June 1st, 2015ucf Research and Innovation Recognized at International Conference May 31st,201 0
and ultrafast heat current created by picosecond--one trillionth of a second--pulses of laser light,"Cahill added."
Lights on--molecule on: Researchers from Dresden and Konstanz succeed in light-controlled molecule switching April 20th,
Black phosphorus reveals its secrets thanks to a scientific breakthrough made by a team from Universite de Montreal, Polytechnique Montreal and CNRS in France June 2nd, 2015new heterogeneous wavelength tunable laser diode for high-frequency
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015energy Designer electronics out of the printer:
a simple but very sensitive sensor based on fluorescence spectroscopy was presented by using cadmium telluride quantum dots to quickly measure protamine drug.
low production cost and the availability of the devices required for tracing signal (fluorescence spectroscopy device) c
"Raman and infrared spectroscopy are the two tools that one uses to see molecular structure, "Bhargava said."
We use spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules."
"We can make them glow at a certain wavelength and also we can tune them to release the drugs in the presence of the cellular environment.
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015a new way to image surfaces on the nanoscale:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
X-ray laser opens up new avenues of research in material science June 18th, 2015stanford engineers find a simple yet clever way to boost chip speeds:
our understanding of the role of infrared light in their lives is advanced much less. Our study shows that light invisible to the human eye does not necessarily mean that it does not play a crucial role for living organisms.
The project was triggered initially by wondering whether the antsconspicuous silvery coats were important in keeping them cool in blistering heat.
Yu team found that the answer to this question was much broader once they realized the important role of infrared light.
These hairs are highly reflective under the visible and near-infrared light i e.,, in the region of maximal solar radiation (the ants run at a speed of up to 0. 7 meters per second
including optical and infrared microscopy and spectroscopy experiments, thermodynamic experiments, and computer simulation and modeling. They are currently working on adapting the engineering lessons learned from the study of Saharan silver ants to create flat optical components,
The study was supported by the National Science Foundation under the Electronics, Photonics, and Magnetic Devices program (ECCS-1307948) and Physics of Living Systems program (PHY-1411445),
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids: New technique creates multilayered, self-assembled grids with fully customizable shapes and compositions Down at the nanoscale,
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source--both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds."
"Our laser technique forces the materials to assemble in a particular way. We can then build structures layer-by-layer,
"Laser-assembled nanowires For the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
The sweeping laser's heat causes the elastic layer to expand--like shrinkwrap in reverse
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"We shift that laser direction on each layer, and the way the rows intersect and overlap shapes the grid.
2015news and information Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015discoveries Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015announcements Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
In graphene, infrared light launches ripples through the electrons at the surface of this metallike material called surface plasmon polaritons that the researchers were able to control using a simple electrical circuit.
Infrared light can also launch polaritons within a different type of two-dimensional crystal called hexagonal boron nitride.
a device made of hbn would confine phonon polaritons to a single narrow range of wavelengths and amplitudes.
As a result, this human-made material manipulates electromagnetic radiation-light-in ways never observed in natural materials.
2015imaging Robust new process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of graphene June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
2015robust new process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of graphene June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids:
Leti Experts also Will Speak at Techxpot Session on MEMS and STS Session on Lithography Cost-and-Productivity Issues Below 14nm June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future
4-D printing to advance chemistry, materials sciences and defense capabilities June 18th, 2015discoveries Nanometric sensor designed to detect herbicides can help diagnose multiple sclerosis June 23rd, 2015sweeping lasers snap together
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015research partnerships Lancaster University revolutionary quantum technology research receives funding boost June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future electronic devices June 22nd,
size, and structure to facilitate desired interactions with light, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environment to provide unique functionality in a wide range of applications from energy to medicine.
and the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) has developed a technique for creating the world first full-color,
Traditional displays like those on a mobile phone require a light source, filters and a glass plates.
flexible, color-changing displays that don need a light source their skin. ll manmade displays LCD, LED,
The new method doesn need its own light source. Rather, it reflects the ambient light around it. A thin liquid crystal layer is sandwiched over a metallic nanostructure shaped like a microscopic egg carton that absorbs some light wavelengths
and reflects others. The colors reflected can be controlled by the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.
The interaction between liquid crystal molecules and plasmon waves on the nanostructured metallic surface played the key role in generating the polarization-independent
New technique combines electron microscopy and synchrotron X-rays to track chemical reactions under real operating conditions A team of scientists used a newly developed reaction chamber to combine x-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy for an unprecedented portrait of a common chemical reaction.
They conducted x-ray studies at the National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS) and electron microscopy at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), both DOE Office of Science User Facilities."
x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS. In XAS, a beam of x-rays bombards the catalyst sample and deposits energy as it passes through the micro-reactor.
and Raman spectroscopy--and plans to introduce other complex and complementary x-ray and electron probe techniques over time.
but its successor--the just-opened National Synchrotron Light source II (NSLS-II)--is 10,000 times brighter
"Through Laboratory Directed Research and development funding, we will be part of the initial experiments at the Submicron Resolution X-ray (SRX) Spectroscopy beamline this summer,
Scientists have made exotic new materials by creating laser-induced micro-explosions in silicon, the common computer chip material June 29th,
2015green Chemistry Methods Used in Iran to Produce Zinc oxide nanoparticles June 27th, 2015laser spectroscopy: A novel microscope for nanosystems June 25th, 2015iranian Researchers Synthesize Nanostructures with Controlled Shape, Structure June 25th, 2015discoveries June 29th, 2015efforts to Use Smart Nanocarriers to Cure Leukemia Yield
Scientists have made exotic new materials by creating laser-induced micro-explosions in silicon, the common computer chip material June 29th,
Scientists have made exotic new materials by creating laser-induced micro-explosions in silicon, the common computer chip material June 29th,
Scientists have made exotic new materials by creating laser-induced micro-explosions in silicon, the common computer chip material June 29th,
The method uses two lasers to measure the positions of opposite ends of a molecule,
or two different objects, based on the intensity of scattered light. The scattered light is detected by a common photodiode,
and the signals are digitized, analyzed and used to calculate the positions of the samples. Crucially, the JILA team verified the stability of the technique by using the two lasers to make two separate, independent measurements of a single sample.
Without this confirmation, researchers can't determine if it is the sample or the lasers moving,
Perkins explains.""This technology excites me because it opens the door to measuring the tiniest protein motions,
An international collaboration has succeeded in using synchrotron light to detect and record the complex 3-D magnetization in wound magnetic layers.
Using the X-ray microscope at the Advanced Light source and the X-ray Photoemission Electron microscopy (XPEEM) beamline at BESSY II,
However, so far only electron holography could be considered for mapping magnetic domains of three-dimensional objects at the nanometre scale.
or UV LIGHT) and more importantly, have a high rate of false-positive readings. Professor Paula Mendes said,
the team developed a smart surface with nanocavities that fit the particular target glycoprotein. To create the nanocavities,
the sugar part of the prostate cancer glycoprotein is reacted with a custom-designed molecule that contains a boron group at one end (the boron linkage forms a reversible bond to the sugar).
One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography. Existing lithographic techniques create features over flat surfaces.
This method also applies to the 3d lithography of many other semiconductor compounds.""This is a fundamentally new mechanism for etch mask
such as highly Efficient light Emitting Diodes (LEDS), lasers and radio frequency components for cooling purposes. Graphene-based film could also pave the way for faster, smaller, more energy efficient, sustainable high power electronics."
Replacing silver coating on catheters with graphene increases treatment effect July 9th, 2015photonics/Optics/Lasers Human color vision gives people the ability to see nanoscale differences July 9th
Focussing light to improve sensingthe researchers used graphene to improve on a well-known molecule-detection method:
infrared absorption spectroscopy. In the standard method, light is used to excite the molecules, which vibrate differently depending on their nature.
This"signature"can be"read"in the reflected light. This method is not effective, however, in detecting nanometrically-sized molecules.
The wavelength of the infrared photon directed at a molecule is around 6 microns (6, 000 nanometres),
It is very challenging to detect the vibration of such a small molecule in reflected light.
graphene is capable of focussing light on a precise spot on its surface and"hearing"the vibration of a nanometric molecule that is attached to it.
When the light arrives, the electrons in graphene nanostructures begin to oscillate. This phenomenon concentrates light into tiny spots,
which are comparable with the dimensions of the target molecules. It is then possible to detect nanometric compounds in proximity to the surface.
This is because graphene is an inert material for the elements to be detected and the reading mechanism uses light
as supported by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements and also by the fact that no anelastic behaviour could be observed under tension.
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"Making an object look 10,000 times larger than its physical size has lots of implications in technologies related to light,
Much like sound, light can resonate, amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy.
which the wavelength of light is much larger than in a vacuum, which allows light waves to resonate more powerfully.
The device condenses light to a size smaller than its wavelength meaning it can gather a lot of light energy,
and then scatters the light over a very large area, harnessing its output for imaging applications that make microscopic particles appear huge."
"We are developing photodetectors based on this technology and, for example, it could be helpful for photographers wanting to shoot better quality pictures in weak light conditions,
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
"This research opens up a new way to manipulate the flow of light, and could enable new technologies in light sensing and solar energy conversion,
#Better memory with faster lasers DVDS and Blu-ray disks contain so-called phase-change materials that morph from one atomic state to another after being struck with pulses of laser light, with data"recorded"in those two atomic states.
Using ultrafast laser pulses that speed up the data recording process, Caltech researchers adopted a novel technique, ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC),
By shedding light on the fundamental physical processes involved in data storage the work may lead to better, faster computer memory systems with larger storage capacity.
When the laser light interacts with a phase-change material, its atomic structure changes from an ordered crystalline arrangement to a more disordered,
"Today, nanosecond lasers--lasers that pulse light at one-billionth of a second--are used to record information on DVDS and Blu-ray disks,
The speed with which data can be recorded is determined both by the speed of the laser--that is,
by the duration of each"pulse"of light--and by how fast the material itself can shift from one state to the other.
Thus, with a nanosecond laser,"the fastest you can record information is one information unit
people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one millionth of a billionth of a second.
when it is hit by a femtosecond laser pulse. In UEC, a sample of crystalline Gete is bombarded with a femtosecond laser pulse,
followed by a pulse of electrons. The laser pulse causes the atomic structure to change from the crystalline to other structures
and then ultimately to the amorphous state. Then, when the electron pulse hits the sample, its electrons scatter in a pattern that provides a picture of the sample's atomic configuration as a function of the time.
the structural shift in Gete caused by the laser pulses. However, they also saw something more:
regardless of the laser speeds used.""Even if there is a laser faster than a femtosecond laser,
there will be a limit as to how fast this transition can occur and information can be recorded, just because of the physics of these phase-change materials,
ROM storage, including CDS and DVDS, uses phase-change materials and lasers to store information. Although ROM records
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