delivering 10 to 100 times faster 3d imaging speeds than laser scanning confocal, two-photon,
Her study is published in the Advance Online Publication (AOP) on Nature Photonics website on January 19,
While conventional light-sheet microscopes use two awkwardly positioned objective lenses, Hillman realized that she could use a single-objective lens,
#New laser could upgrade the images in tomorrow#s technology A new semiconductor laser developed at Yale has the potential to significantly improve the imaging quality of the next generation of high-tech microscopes laser projectors photo
lithography holography and biomedical imaging. Based on a chaotic cavity laser the technology combines the brightness of traditional lasers with the lower image corruption of light emitting diodes (LEDS.
The search for better light sources for high-speed full-field imaging applications has been the focus of intense experimentation and research in recent years.
The new laser is described in a paper in the Jan 19 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Several Yale labs and departments collaborated on the research with contributions from scientists in applied physics electrical
and biomedical engineering and diagnostic radiology. his chaotic cavity laser is a great example of basic research ultimately leading to a potentially important invention for the social goodsaid co-author A. Douglas Stone the Carl A. Morse Professor
and chair of applied physics and professor of physics. ll of the foundational work was motivated primarily by a desire to understand certain classes of lasers random and chaotic with no known applications.
Eventually with input from other disciplines we discovered that these lasers are suited uniquely for a wide class of problems in imaging
when traditional lasers are used. A way to avoid such distortion is by using LED light sources.
The problem is LEDS are not bright enough for high-speed imaging. The new electrically pumped semiconductor laser offers a different approach.
It produces an intense emission but with low spatial coherence. or full-field imaging the speckle contrast should be less than 4%to avoid any disturbance for human inspectionexplained Hui Cao professor of applied physics
and of physics who is the paper corresponding author. s we showed in the paper the standard edge-emitting laser produced speckle contrast of 50
%while our laser has the speckle contrast of 3%.So our new laser has eliminated completely the issue of coherent artifact for full-field imaging. o-author Michael A. Choma assistant professor of diagnostic radiology pediatrics
and biomedical engineering said laser speckle is a major barrier in the development of certain classes of clinical diagnostics that use light. t is tremendously rewarding to work with a team of colleagues to
and tested the new laser. Lee and Huang grew the laser semiconductor wafer via molecular beam epitaxy
and helped in fabrication and testing. Choma aided in the design and performance criteria for the laser provided expertise in spatial coherence
and speckle in imaging and is working with Redding to apply the laser for full-field imaging at Yale School of medicine.
Stone and Cerjan modeled the laser and analyzed its characteristics e
#Tattoo-like sensor can detect glucose levels without a painful finger prick Scientists have developed the first ultra-thin flexible device that sticks to skin like a rub-on tattoo
and can detect a person glucose levels. The sensor reported in a proof-of-concept study in the ACS journal Analytical Chemistry has the potential to eliminate finger-pricking for many people with diabetes.
The group used single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to watch the codes being used by the satellite tobacco necrosis virus, a single stranded RNA plant virus.
Silicon solar cells generate electricity by absorbing photons of visible and infrared light, while perovskite cells harvest only the visible part of the solar spectrum where the photons have more energy.
Colin Bailie, Stanford bsorbing the high-energy part of the spectrum allows perovskite solar cells to generate more power per photon of visible light than silicon cells,
or light it likely will degrade. We have a ways to go to show that perovskite solar cells are stable enough to last 25 years.
A sophisticated laser system sends laser beams into different directions. Therefore different pictures are visible from different angles.
In 2013 the young start-up company Trilite Technologies had the idea to develop this new kind of display which sends beams of light directly to the viewerseyes.
But the crucial point is that the individual laser pixels work. Scaling it up to a display with many pixels is not a problemsays Jörg Reitterer (Trilite Technologies and Phd-student in the team of Professor Ulrich Schmid at the Vienna University of Technology.
Every single 3d-Pixel (also called rixel consists of lasers and a moveable mirror. he mirror directs the laser beams across the field of vision from left to right.
During that movement the laser intensity is modulated so that different laser flashes are sent into different directionssays Ulrich Schmid.
To experience the 3d effect the viewer must be positioned in a certain distance range from the screen.
If the distance is too large both eyes receive the same image and only a normal 2d picture can be seen.
#Laser-induced graphene#super#for electronics Rice university scientists advanced their recent development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) by producing
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
It done on a commercial laser system as found in routine machine shops, in the open air. Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
Optical metamaterials harness clouds of electrons called surface plasmons to manipulate and control light. Purdue University researchers had created previously uperlatticesfrom layers of the metal titanium nitride and the dielectric,
Research findings are detailed in a cover paper appearing in the Jan 15 issue of Laser & Photonics Reviews.
but also changes the pattern of light emitted, a trait that could be important for the development of quantum devices,
He and Kildishev are working with a team of researchers led by Vladimir M. Shalaev, scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering,
Professors Shalaev, Kildishev and Boltasseva are a part of a Purdue reeminent teamworking on quantum photonics.
When exposed to a laser light, the system rises from its round stateto an excited state,
the optical metamaterials owe their unusual potential to precision engineering on the scale of nanometers. Quantum computers would take advantage of phenomena described by quantum theory called uperpositionand ntanglement.
#New catalyst process uses light not metal for rapid polymerization A team of chemistry and materials science experts from University of California,
and light as the stimulus for the highly controlled chemical reaction. he grand challenge in ATRP has been:
Sulphur as a battery material is extremely abundant, relatively light, and very cheap. Unfortunately, the sulphur cathode exhausts itself after only a few cycles
Thanks to this window space, the solar cell obtains adequate light, even in the darkness of winter.
leading to loss of light and a drop in efficiency. By sandwiching the cells between the lenslet arrays,
CPV systems can concentrate the diffuse light and they lose their efficiency advantage. The researchers tested their prototype concentrator panel outside over the course of a day in State College, Penn.
and emits light from across its whole surface. Being so thin, at only 10-40 atoms thick,
We envisage a new generation of optoelectronic devices to stem from this work, from simple transparent lighting and lasers and to more complex applications.
#New technology makes creating ultrashort infrared laser pulses easy and cheap In a marathon everyone starts at roughly the same place at roughly the same time.
Something similar happens to a pulse of light sent through a medium. The pulse is a combination of different colours
(or different wavelengths) and when they are sent through a medium like glass they travel at slightly different speeds.
It is possible to use a medium to make a laser pulse shorter. Scientists at the Vienna University of Technology have found a way to compress intense laser pulses by a factor of 20 to just 4. 5 just by sending them through a cleverly designed hollow fibre.
The compressed laser pulse only consists of a single oscillation of light. This tabletop technology is much simpler and cheaper than previously used complicated setups.
It has now been published in ature Communicationshollow Fibre Filled with Gasan infrared laser pulse is sent into a hollow fibre filled with gas.
The nonlinear interaction between the light and the gas atoms in the special fibre makes different wavelengths travel at different velocities.
The components with longer wavelengths travel faster than the short wavelength components. Inside the fibre however there is a carefully designed nanostructure
which allows short wavelengths to travel through the fibre faster than longer ones. The combination of these two opposing effects leads to a compression of the laser pulse.
It is like sending off a long line of marathon runners and in the end have them all arrive at the finish line simultaneously.
The resulting pulse is not only short but also extremely intense: it reaches a peak power of one gigawatt.
For years extremely short infrared laser pulses have been used to unravel the secrets of the quantum world.
Up until now complicated setups had to be used to create these femtosecond laser pulses. Usually the different wavelengths of the pulse have to be manipulated with intricate mirror systems to compress the pulse.
This simple pulse compression method should make it much easier and cheaper for laboratories all around the world to create single-cycle infrared pulses
New Tool for Further Researchin their recent publication the researchers at the Vienna University of Technology have demonstrated already that their laser pulses can be used for highly advanced experiments:
Depending on the exact shape of the laser pulse the electrons ripped away from the xenon atoms can be sent into different directions. t is an ultrafast electron switchsays Tadas Balciunas.
The photonics team at the Vienna University of Technology is planning to use this new technology for a variety of measurements in the future
Having a femtosecond laser system which is cheap small and easy to use could turn out to be a boost for attosecond science and ultrafast laser research in general s
#Nanoscale mirrored cavities amplify connect quantum memories The idea of computing systems based on controlling atomic spins just got a boost from new research performed at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) and the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
allowing scientists to measure the state in an optical microscope. The trick is getting the electron spins in the NV centers to hold onto the stable spin states long enough to perform these logic gate operationsnd being able to transfer information among the individual memory elements to create actual computing networks
we build an optical cavity trap for photonsround the NV, Englund said. These cavities, nanofabricated at Brookhaven by MIT graduate student Luozhou Li with the help of staff scientist Ming Lu of the CFN, consist of layers of diamond
he transferred hard mask lithography technique that we have developed in this work would benefit most unconventional substrates that aren suitable for typical high-resolution patterning by electron beam lithography.
The Utah engineers have developed an ultracompact beamsplitter the smallest on record for dividing light waves into two separate channels of information.
The device brings researchers closer to producing silicon photonic chips that compute and shuttle data with light instead of electrons.
Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics.
The overhead view of a new beamsplitter for silicon photonics chips that is the size of one-fiftieth the width of a human hair.
University of Utah Electrical and Computer engineering Associate professor Rajesh Menon is leading a team that has created the world smallest beamsplitter for silicon photonic chips.
The discovery will lead to computers and mobile devices that could be millions of times faster than machines today
or shuttled is done through light instead of electrons. Image credit: Dan Hixson/University of Utah College of Engineeringsilicon photonics could significantly increase the power and speed of machines such as supercomputers, data center servers and the specialized computers that direct autonomous cars and drones with collision detection.
Eventually, the technology could reach home computers and mobile devices and improve applications from gaming to video streaming. ight is the fastest thing you can use to transmit information,
the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router or computer can handle the information.
if the data stream remained as light within computer processors. ith all light, computing can eventually be millions of times faster,
(which looks somewhat like a barcode) on top of a silicon chip that can split guided incoming light into its two components.
And because photonic chips shuttle photons instead of electrons mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets built with this technology would consume less power,
The first supercomputers using silicon photonics already under development at companies such as Intel and IBM will use hybrid processors that remain partly electronic.
They say this has the potential to lead to new kinds of light detection, thermal-management systems,
Although the two materials are structurally similar both composed of hexagonal arrays of atoms that form two-dimensional sheets they each interact with light quite differently.
The hybrid material blocks light when a particular voltage is applied to the graphene, while allowing a special kind of emission and propagation,
One of the consequences of this unusual behavior is that an extremely thin sheet of material can interact strongly with light,
while light interacting with hbn produces phonons. Fang and his colleagues found that when the materials are combined in a certain way,
The properties of the graphene allow precise control over light, while hbn provides very strong confinement and guidance of the light.
Combining the two makes it possible to create new etamaterialsthat marry the advantages of both,
The combined materials create a tuned system that can be adjusted to allow light only of certain specific wavelengths
comes from the ability to switch a light beam on and off at the material surface; because the material naturally works at near-infrared wavelengths, this could enable new avenues for infrared spectroscopy,
he says. t could even enable single-molecule resolution, Fang says, of biomolecules placed on the hybrid material surface.
says, his work represents significant progress on understanding tunable interactions of light in graphene-hbn.
including in flexible light sources, solar panels that could be integrated into windows, and membranes to desalinate and purify water.
They have developed the first light-emitting, transparent and flexible paper out of environmentally friendly materials via a simple, suction-filtration method.
because the daughter phase is determined completely by the type of DNA reprogramming strands we use. he scientists were able to observe the structural transformations to various daughter phases using a technique called in situ small-angle x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source,
The team, from the Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), an Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence, created a simple,
which provided the light, a polarizer sat on top of the samples to help separate the tablet light from the emission from the samples.
A free application to convert your smartphone into a bio-sensing readout device will be available for download from the Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics web site www. cnbp. org. au/smartphone biosensing c
Now, in a finding that casts new light on the nature of memory, published in Science,
the researchers used optogenetic technology to selectively activate neurons that were labeled genetically during their training in chamber A with a blue light-sensitive protein,
collectively called a emory engram with blue light pulses, the amnestic mice froze just as much as the control mice, indicating that they remembered that they had acquired the memory,
Pulses of laser light heat the left side of the sample and create an intense current of heat passing through the Co,
and ultrafast heat current created by picosecondne trillionth of a secondulses of laser light, Cahill added. his heat current has the impressively large magnitude of 100 GW per square meter
Slits cut into the outer layers by a laser cutter guide the folding process. If two slits on opposite sides of the sheet are of different widths
#Revolutionary New High-speed Infrared detector Sees First Light The first prototype of a new generation of fast and very sensitive detectors has been installed successfully on the PIONIER instrument at ESO Paranal Observatory.
These capabilities, unique for an infrared detector, are crucial for many applications, ranging from fundamental science to medicine.
Unlike most of the commercially available detectors, RAPID can spot photons (light particles) of both visible and infrared light (wavelengths from 0. 4. 6 micrometres.
the increased spectral coverage means that far more photons can be gathered, especially from infrared wavelengths, where many objects shine most brilliantly.
PIONIER was chosen as its interferometric combination of light requires a very fast detector to fight against atmospheric turbulence,
and a true revolution in the field of infrared detectors, said ESO astronomer Antoine Merand when first using the camera.
such as compact fluorescent light bulbs, to be recycled this way n
#New imaging technique could make brain tumor removal safer, more effective Brain surgery is famously difficult for good reason:
They used spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules.
Scientists also can make them glow at certain wavelengths and tune them to release the drugs in the presence of the cellular environment.
#Access to electricity and artificial light shortened time of our sleep Science knows that nowadays people tend to sleep less than they used to before modern times.
But now scientists from University of Washington have conducted the study that links artificial light to our contemporary sleep deprivation.
Results of this research for the first time suggest that access to artificial light and electricity has shortened the amount of sleep humans get each night.
if such simple factor of electricity and artificial light could lead to a smaller amount of sleep during an average week in both the summer and winter.
and can turn on the light at any desired time, while another relies only on natural sunlight.
Researchers found that it was due to people who had the option to turn on lights and go to bed later.
However, artificial light does not just push sleep-wake cycles back, it can also disrupt our circadian clock.
and artificial light affects our sleep habits l
#Smart insulin patch could replace painful injections for diabetes This is the mart insulin patch, developed by researchers in the joint UNC/NC State Biomedical engineering Department.
Photonics researchers at the University of California, San diego have increased the maximum power and therefore distance at which optical signals can be sent through optical fibers.
and the new findings suggest that parasite calcineurin should be a focus for the development of new antimalarial drugs. ur study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,
The friction was strong enough for the electrodes to harvest enough energy to power the lights,
The lasers and optics are on the right. Image credit: Burrus/NISTTHE technology was designed to track the machinery of biological cells, down to the tiniest bits of DNA, a single ase pairof nucleotides among the 3 billion of these chemical units in human genes.
The method uses two lasers to measure the positions of opposite ends of a molecule,
or two different objects, based on the intensity of scattered light. The scattered light is detected by a common photodiode,
and the signals are digitized, analyzed and used to calculate the positions of the samples. Crucially, the JILA team verified the stability of the technique by using the two lasers to make two separate, independent measurements of a single sample.
Without this confirmation, researchers can determine if it is the sample or the lasers moving,
Perkins explains. his technology excites me because it opens the door to measuring the tiniest protein motions,
But the scientists, in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long. At such short time scales, silicon can be heated to a liquid,
But nanofabrication techniques like photolithography, in which a polymeric material is written with a structure that is etched into the silicon,
They first used a carbon dioxide laser in Thompson lab to ritethe nanoporous materials onto a silicon wafer.
Writing lines in the film with the laser, the block copolymer decomposed, acting like a positive-tone resist,
the first six patients showed improvement in their vision in dim light and two of the six were able to read more lines on an eye chart.
#Say It With Light: Using LEDS to Move Data Faster It like using fiber optics to communicate only without the fiber.
Imagine connecting to the Internet through the same room lights that brighten your day. A University of Virginia engineering professor and her former graduate student are already there.
and Mohammad Noshad, now a postdoctoral fellow in the Electrical engineering Department at Harvard university, have devised a way of using light waves from light-emitting diode fixtures to carry signals to wireless devices at 300 megabits per second from each light.
so less sharing of the wireless network. e developed a modulation algorithm that increases the throughput of data in visible light communications,
Their breakthrough means that data can be transmitted faster with light waves using no more energy than is required already to run the lights.
VLNCOMM, for Visible light Network Communications, to which Brandt-Pearce is a consultant. The Charlottesville-based firm is developing a prototype for potential investors a desk lamp that provides an Internet connection through light
getting several lights to cooperate to send data to many users in a room, making sure the lighting is good
Visible light communications offer a compact, dual-use, energy saving solution and can provide a high-speed secure network connection for a large number of users.
Visible light communications has the potential to significantly increase the speed of Internet connection in multiuser indoor environments due to the broad bandwidth of the visible light,
and Applied science for 22 years, said the visible light communications project is one of about four or five on
when exposed to light, mimics many of the properties of elastic tissue, such as skin and blood vessels.
This elastic hydrogel is formed by using a light-activated polypeptide. When exposed to light, strong bonds form between the molecules of the gel,
providing mechanical stability without the need for any chemical modifiers to be added to the material.
They can shed new light on the fundamental processes occurring in the nanoscale biological pores that funnel essential ingredients into cells. e also developed some key data processing methods
as in sonar applications. ecause our membrane is so light, it has an extremely wide frequency response
#Surfing a wake of light When a duck paddles across a pond or a supersonic plane flies through the sky, it leaves a wake in its path.
It is possible for something to move faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium
wakes produced as electrical charges travel through liquids faster than the phase velocity of light, emitting a glowing blue wake.
For the first time, Harvard researchers have created similar wakes of light-like waves moving on a metallic surface, called surface plasmons,
said Capasso. ur understanding of optics on the macroscale has led to holograms, Google glass and LEDS,
and harness the power of light on the nanoscale. The creation and control of surface plasmon wakes could lead to new types of plasmonic couplers
and lenses that could create two-dimensional holograms or focus light at the nanoscale. Surface plasmons are confined to the surface of a metal.
The team discovered that the angle of incidence of the light shining onto the metamaterial provides an additional measure of control
and using polarized light can even reverse the direction of the wake relative to the running wave like a wake traveling in the opposite direction of a boat. eing able to control
and manipulate light at scales much smaller than the wavelength of the light is said very difficult
One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography. Existing lithographic techniques create features over flat surfaces.
This method also applies to the 3d lithography of many other semiconductor compounds. his is a fundamentally new mechanism for etch mask
In earlier studies, researchers have examined single-electron transport in molecular transistors using top-down approaches, such as lithography and break junctions.
It requires no complicated holography equipment and takes up roughly the same space as a traditional screen.
#Futuristic brain probe allows for wireless control of neurons Scientists used soft materials to create a brain implant a tenth the width of a human hair that can wirelessly control neurons with lights and drugs.
and shine lights on neurons deep inside the brains of mice. The revolutionary device is described online in the journal Cell.
and delivering lights through fiber optic cables. Both options require surgery that can damage parts of the brain
and lights. e used powerful nanomanufacturing strategies to fabricate an implant that lets us penetrate deep inside the brain with minimal damage,
when they made mice that have light-sensitive VTA neurons stay on one side of a cage by commanding the implant to shine laser pulses on the cells.
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