and propagate magnetic fields through the body, the wearable device needs to be circular in nature (like the coil shown in the image above),
By sending data via magnetic fields directly through our bodies, however, path loss can be cut down by a huge amount.
The researchers say path loss using magnetic field human body communication is more than 10 million times lower than that of Bluetooth radios. his technique,
They say that ultra-low-power communication systems in wearable devices will transmit signals of much less power than things like MRI SCANNERS and wireless implant devices, with magnetic fields passing freely and harmlessly through biological tissue.
magnetic field human body communication prevents any kind of digital eavesdropping, as the signals are contained largely to your body.
Another possible application is in sensors that measure magnetic fields l
#Watch: Paralysed man walks again via brain waves rerouted to his legs A paraplegic man who was paralysed for five years has walked again on his own two feet,
which is associated with the electron tiny magnetic field, said Menno Veldhorst, the lead author of the research,
because just like how photons are responsible for exerting the force of electromagnetism, gluons are in charge of exerting a strong nuclear force."
It may also serve as an air conditioning, for example, in communities like Tecali de Herrera, Puebla,
which have led to a decrease in both thermal and electrical conductivity. The new liquid-phase sintering creates grain boundaries
He is also a principal investigator for the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH. Yanliang Liang, a research associate at UH and first author on the paper, said researchers aren't trying to compete directly with conventional lithium-ion batteries."
Low temperature plasmas are formed by applying a high electric field across a gas using an electrode, which breaks down the gas to form plasma.
#New understanding of electromagnetism could enable'antennas on a chip'A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge have unravelled one of the mysteries of electromagnetism,
the discovery could help identify the points where theories of classical electromagnetism and quantum mechanics overlap.
These new observations of radiation resulting from broken symmetry of the electric field may provide some link between the two fields.
dielectric resonators are used already as antennas in mobile phones, for example.""In dielectric aerials, the medium has high permittivity,
these materials become not only efficient resonators, but efficient radiators as well, meaning that they can be used as aerials.
The researchers determined that the reason for this phenomenon is due to symmetry breaking of the electric field associated with the electron acceleration.
there is symmetry of the electric field. Symmetry breaking can also apply in cases such as a pair of parallel wires in which electrons can be accelerated by applying an oscillating electric field."
"In aerials, the symmetry of the electric field is broken'explicitly 'which leads to a pattern of electric field lines radiating out from a transmitter,
such as a two wire system in which the parallel geometry is broken, '"said Sinha. The researchers found that by subjecting the piezoelectric thin films to an asymmetric excitation,
the symmetry of the system is broken similarly, resulting in a corresponding symmetry breaking of the electric field,
and the generation of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from dielectric materials is due to accelerating electrons on the metallic electrodes attached to them
as Maxwell predicted, coupled with explicit symmetry breaking of the electric field.""If you want to use these materials to transmit energy,
you have to break the symmetry as well as have accelerating electrons--this is the missing piece of the puzzle of electromagnetic theory,
but these results will aid understanding of how electromagnetism and quantum mechanics cross over and join up.
ubiquitous computing where almost everything in our homes and offices, from toasters to thermostats, is connected to the internet.
UNSW Associate professor Andrea Morello from the School of Electrical engineering and Telecommunications, said his team had realised successfully a new control method for future quantum computers.
can be controlled using electric fields, instead of using pulses of oscillating magnetic fields, "explained UNSW's Dr Arne Laucht,
postdoctoral researcher and lead author of the study. Associate professor Morello said the method works by distorting the shape of the electron cloud attached to the atom,
using a very localized electric field.""This distortion at the atomic level has the effect of modifying the frequency at
"The findings suggest that it would be possible to locally control individual qubits with electric fields in a large-scale quantum computer using only inexpensive voltage generators, rather than the expensive high-frequency microwave sources.
#Scientists create invisible objects in the microwave range without metamaterial cloaking Physicists from ITMO University,
Ioffe Institute and Australian National University managed to make homogenous cylindrical objects completely invisible in the microwave range.
were tested successfully in microwave experiments. What matters is that the invisibility idea we implemented in our work can be applied to other electromagnetic wave ranges,
when exposed to an electric current. The group first developed a technique to create a film of aligned carbon nanotubes composed of tiny tubes of crystalline carbon
This photo-thermoelectric effect turns out to occur almost instantaneously, thus enabling the ultrafast conversion of absorbed light into electrical signals.
which can be used in the manufacture of magnetic field sensors. VTT's third application trial involved the prevention of microwave reflection.
The tests showed that reflection can be reduced by even 10,000 times in polymers, by adding particles
#From metal to insulator and back again Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
An efficient terahertz emission from two-dimensional arrays of gold split-ring resonator metamaterials was discovered as a result of excitation by a near-infrared pulsed laser.
The building blocks of metamaterials, known as split-ring resonators, can be designed to exhibit strong electric and magnetic response to electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range, from terahertz to infrared.
when a two-dimensional array of nanometer-sized gold metamaterial resonators is illuminated by a tunable near-infrared femtosecond laser,
In these states, the electric field is either perpendicular to the radial axis or radial at each given point."
researchers attach it to a tiny vibrating device, known as a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator.""One standard way to tell the difference between molecules is to weigh them using a technique called mass spectrometry.
#Electrical power converter allows grid to easily accept power from renewable energy Doctoral student Joseph Carr developed the system with his adviser, Juan Balda, University Professor and head of the department of electrical engineering.
Its simplified control system uses power converters to allow connection of a variety of power sources to a small, high-frequency transformer.
#When mediated by superconductivity, light pushes matter million times more The results of the research were published in Nature Communications in April.
The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film.""This is a significant advance,
The findings result from experiments led by electrical engineering Professor Krishna Shenoy, whose Stanford lab focuses on movement control and neural prostheses--such as artificial arms--controlled by the user's brain."
and Stephen I. Ryu, now a consulting professor of electrical engineering at Stanford and a neurosurgeon at the Palo alto Medical Foundation.
the aggregates change the electrical conductivity of the chip, which gives a simple electrical readout indicating that the sample contains HIV-1.
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that a slight tilt of the magnets makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
"Creating and switching polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field has been a key focus in the field of spintronics.
Generating a magnetic field takes power and space, which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips.
In past research Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
"We found that by tilting the magnet--just 2 degrees was enough--you get all the benefits of a high-density magnetic switch without the need for an external magnetic field,
#Quantum states in a nano-object manipulated using a mechanical system Scientists at The swiss Nanoscience Institute at the University of Basel have used resonators made from single-crystalline diamonds to develop a novel device in
For the first time, the researchers were able to show that this mechanical system can be used to coherently manipulate an electron spin embedded in the resonator--without external antennas or complex microelectronic structures.
the research team led by Georg H. Endress Professor Patrick Maletinsky described how resonators made from single-crystalline diamonds with individually embedded electrons are suited highly to addressing the spin of these electrons.
These diamond resonators were modified in multiple instances so that a carbon atom from the diamond lattice was replaced with a nitrogen atom in their crystal lattices with a missing atom directly adjacent.
When the resonator now begins to oscillate, strain develops in the diamond's crystal structure. This
Extremely fast spin oscillation In this latest publication, the scientists have shaken the resonators in a way that allows them to induce a coherent oscillation of the coupled spin for the first time.
This spin oscillation is compared fast with the frequency of the resonator. It also protects the spin against harmful decoherence mechanisms.
It is conceivable that this diamond resonator could be applied to sensors--potentially in a highly sensitive way
--because the oscillation of the resonator can be recorded via the altered spin. These new findings also allow the spin to be rotated coherently over a very long period of close to 100 microseconds,
or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be"the high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes"
Most present lithium-ion batteries--the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries--use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
because it's not good for electrical conductivity, "Li says. They ended up converting the alumina layer to titania (Tio2),
"It's probably the best anode material available.""Full cell tests using lithium iron phosphate as cathode have been successful,
indicating ATO is quite close to being ready for real applications. The research team included Sa Li, Yu Cheng Zhao,
and the contact points with metal connections on silicon are no longer smooth enough to be used efficiently in electrical circuits.
The Van der waals force is the attractive sum of short-range electric dipole interactions between uncharged molecules. Thanks to strong Van der waals interactions between graphene and boron nitride, CVD graphene can be separated from the copper
which is the breakup of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases by an electric current. As an example of boiling behavior
but further analysis revealed that the gaseous cushion was in fact mostly water vaporized by energy from the electric current.
what gives rise to the very high electric field necessary to generate a long-term and dense plasma with little energy.
be it a grating, resonator or waveguide, which will enable control of the photons that the quantum dot generates.
Professor Kyung-Cheol Choi and his research team from the School of Electrical engineering at KAIST have developed fiber-like light emitting diodes,
and Dr Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, Reader in Mechatronics in Medicine, said the device learns from its user,
including those on ventilators, to communicate effectively for the first time by breathing--an almost effortless act which requires no speech, limb or facial movements."
while still allowing the ions to flow seamlessly to complete the electrical circuit in the cell.
#Magnetic fields provide a new way to communicate wirelessly Electrical engineers at the University of California, San diego demonstrated a new wireless communication technique that works by sending magnetic signals through the human body.
"In this study, electrical engineers demonstrated a technique called magnetic field human body communication, which uses the body as a vehicle to deliver magnetic energy between electronic devices.
An advantage of this system is that magnetic fields are able to pass freely through biological tissues,
Researchers showed that the path losses associated with magnetic field human body communication are upwards of 10 million times lower than those associated with Bluetooth radios."
With this magnetic field human body communication system, we hope to significantly reduce power consumption as well as how frequently users need to recharge their devices,
Another potential advantage of magnetic field human body communication is that it could offer more security than Bluetooth networks.
On the other hand, magnetic field human body communication employs the human body as a communication medium, making the communication link less vulnerable to eavesdropping.
Demonstrating magnetic communication with a proof-of-concept prototype The researchers built a prototype to demonstrate the magnetic field human body communication technique.
These coils serve as sources for magnetic fields and are able to send magnetic signals from one part of the body to another using the body as a guide.
Researchers noted that a limitation of this technique is that magnetic fields require circular geometries in order to propagate through the human body.
Devices like smart watches, headbands and belts will all work well using magnetic field human body communication
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"says Andrea Damascelli, director of UBC's Quantum Matter Institute and lead scientist of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences study outlining the discovery.
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
"Given the massive scientific and technological interest, the ability to induce superconductivity in single-layer graphene promises to have significant cross-disciplinary impacts.
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"says Andrea Damascelli, director of UBC's Quantum Matter Institute and lead scientist of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences study outlining the discovery.
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
"Given the massive scientific and technological interest, the ability to induce superconductivity in single-layer graphene promises to have significant cross-disciplinary impacts.
To make the solar array, Kyusang Lee, a doctoral student in electrical engineering, built custom solar cells in the lab of Stephen Forrest, the Peter A. Franken Distinguished University Professor of Engineering and Paul G. Goebel
Strong perturbation So far, electrical circuits based on spin waves have not been realised, since it turned out to be impossible to introduce a perturbation in the system large enough to create spin waves.
This influences the motion of the electron, resulting in an electric current that the researchers can measure.
Today's cellular and Wi-fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data. But the increasing demands for data transfer are quickly becoming more than microwaves can handle.
Terahertz waves have a much higher frequency and therefore more potential bandwidth. Scientists and engineers have begun only recently exploring the potential of terahertz waves, however.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
a rare genetic disorder affecting a region of the brain involved in motor control and which leads to difficulty in coordinating complex movements,
a rare genetic disorder affecting a region of the brain involved in motor control and which leads to difficulty in coordinating complex movements,
Besides its potential use in information transfer, the metamaterial might also prove useful in data storage or for sensors that measure magnetic fields.
which is so short that the electric field oscillates only twice. These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
making many materials that have good electrical conductivity, flexibility and transparency--all three are needed for foldable electronics--wear out too quickly to be said practical
Zhifeng Ren, a physicist at the University of Houston and principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity,
The work by Shanhui Fan, a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford, research associate Aaswath P. Raman and doctoral candidate Linxiao Zhu is described in the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy
says Timothy Lu, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and biological engineering.""These bacteriophages are designed in a way that's relatively modular.
added a plastic spacer undetectable to the participant that weakened the magnetic field enough to prevent the generation of phosphenes.
including ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity, superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance. In the past couple of years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been processed solution into thin films
which is associated with the electron's tiny magnetic field, "he added. Dzurak noted that that the team had patented recently a design for a full-scale quantum computer chip that would allow for millions of our qubits,
In the electromagnetic spectrum, terahertz radiation lies between infrared radiation and microwaves. Particle accelerators usually rely on electromagnetic radiation from the radio frequency range;
Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including printed electronics.
similar to the alternating current (AC) that powers homes and businesses, said Won Park, an electrical engineer at the University of Colorado Boulder.
electronic circuitry in the computer's power supply converts the AC oscillations into direct current (DC) that the device can use.
which combines an antenna's function of receiving electromagnetic waves with a rectifier's function of outputting direct current.
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
High performance magnetic sensors in demand When an external magnetic field is applied to certain materials a change in electrical resistance, also known as magnetoresistance, occurs as the electrons are deflected.
The discovery of magnetoresistance paved the way for magnetic field sensors used in hard disk drives and other devices,
In the search for an ideal magnetoresistance sensor, researchers have prized the properties of high sensitivity to low and high magnetic fields, tunability,
of which can be controlled by the magnetic field. The researchers characterised the new sensor by testing it at various temperatures, angles of magnetic field,
and with a different pairing material. Dr Kalon said, "We started by trying to understand how graphene responds under the magnetic field.
We found that a bilayer structure of graphene and boron nitride displays an extremely large response with magnetic fields.
This combination can be utilised for magnetic field sensing applications.""Compared to other existing sensors, which are made commonly of silicon and indium antimonide,
the group's hybrid sensor displayed much higher sensitivity to magnetic fields. In particular, when measured at 127 Degree celsius (the maximum temperature
which most electronics products are operated at), the researchers observed a gain in sensitivity of more than eightfold over previously reported laboratory results and more than 200 times that of most commercially available sensors.
and finding applications as thermal switches, hard drives and magnetic field sensors. Our technology can even be applied to flexible applications,"added Assoc Prof Yang.
#Researchers develop 3-D printing method for creating patient-specific medical devices A team of researchers at Northeastern University has developed an innovative 3-D printing technology that uses magnetic fields to shape composite materials
They then apply ultralow magnetic fields to individual sections of the composite material--the ceramic fibers immersed in liquid plastic--to align the fibers according to the exacting specifications dictated by the product they are printing."
"Magnetic fields are very easy to apply, "says Erb.""They're safe, and they penetrate not only our bodies--think of CT SCANS--but many other materials."
explains senior author Steven Cummer, an electrical engineer at Duke university in Durham, North carolina a
#Simple Test Makes Blood-clot-busting Drug Safer Scientists in China have developed a fluorescent probe to detect both heparin and its major contaminant.
Better algorithms and more sensitive electrodes might yield finer motor control. And advances in brain-machine interfaces should make implants less invasive.
Incoming plasmons, created by laser light at one end of the array, travel though this air gap between the bridges and the bottom gold layer.
The electrolyte is a chemical substance that carries electrical charge between the battery anode and cathode to charge
and discharge the cell. It consists of a salt and solvent possibly additives and, not by design, impurities.
Other members of the team are mechanical engineering students Kevin Koch, Kevin Gravesmill and Yi Ji and electrical engineering students Marissa Garcia and Julia Kwok.
known as a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator. ne standard way to tell the difference between molecules is to weigh them using a technique called mass spectrometry.
Copyright Contains Copernicus data (2015)/ ESA/DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute/GFZ/e-GEOS/INGVSA SEOM INSARAP study Interferogram over Kathmandu,
Copyright Contains Copernicus data (2015)/ ESA/DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute/GFZ/e-GEOS/INGVSA SEOM INSARAP study Sentinel-1a is the first satellite for the Copernicus environment-monitoring programme led by the European commission.
The technique also improves the electrical conductivity that makes these films attractive for use in electronic
The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film. his is a significant advance,
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that tilting magnets slightly makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
and switching polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field has been a key focus in the field of spintronics.
Generating a magnetic field takes power and space, which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips.
In past research, Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
but that vertical orientation negated the switching effects of tantalum. e found that by tilting the magnet just 2 degrees was enough you get all the benefits of a high-density magnetic switch without the need for an external magnetic field,
or magnetic fields to control whether the interference is constructive or destructive. This new mechanism is a general property of ultracold chemical reactions
The aurora the scientists observed from LSR J1835+3259 appears powered by a little-understood dynamo process similar to that seen on larger planets in our Solar system.
which causes the Earth auroral displays the planet magnetic field interacting with the solar wind. hat we see on this object appears to be the same phenomenon wee seen on Jupiter, for example,
An electric current magnetizes the coil inside the reader, and that magnetic field creates a voltage in the sensor coil
when the two coils are close together a process called mutual inductance. The reader sends out a series of pulses,
#A new look at superfluidity MIT physicists have created a superfluid gas, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, for the first time in an extremely high magnetic field.
The magnetic field is a synthetic magnetic field, generated using laser beams, and is 100 times stronger than that of the world strongest magnets.
Within this magnetic field, the researchers could keep a gas superfluid for a tenth of a second just long enough for the team to observe it.
Superfluids are thought to flow endlessly, without losing energy, similar to electrons in a superconductor. Observing the behavior of superfluids
to create and maintain a superfluid gas long enough to observe it at ultrahigh synthetic magnetic fields. oing to extremes is the way to make discoveries,
The electric field of the laser beams creates what known as a periodic potential landscape, similar to an egg carton,
When charged particles are exposed to magnetic fields, their trajectories are bent into circular orbits, causing them to loop around and around.
The higher the magnetic field, the tighter a particle orbit becomes. However, to confine electrons to the microscopic scale of a crystalline material,
a magnetic field 100 times stronger than that of the strongest magnets in the world would be required.
their trajectories are unaffected normally by magnetic fields. Instead, the MIT group came up with a technique to generate a synthetic
ultrahigh magnetic field, using laser beams to push atoms around in tiny orbits, similar to the orbits of electrons under a real magnetic field.
In this scenario, atoms could only move with the help of laser beams. ow the laser beams could be used to make neutral atoms move around like electrons in a strong magnetic field
or loop around, in a radius as small as two lattice squares, similar to how particles would move in an extremely high magnetic field. nce we had the idea,
Kennedy says. ew perspectives to known physics After developing the tilting technique to simulate a high magnetic field,
Those images also reveal the structure of the magnetic field something that been known, but never directly visualized until now. he main accomplishment is that we were able to verify
Ketterle says. f we can get synthetic magnetic fields under even better control, our laboratory could do years of research on this topic.
which uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce images and combined it with a special chemical contrast solution.
or corrosion damage or in energy technology to build new electrolytes for rechargeable batteries or enhanced dielectrics for supercapacitors.
Because they are important for motor control, this damage can result in substantial motor deficits, so it is highly desirable to discover more about this area,
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