Synopsis: Electrical machinery:


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#High-sensitivity, high resolution magnetocardiography (MCG) for use at room temperature developed Researchers at Tohoku University have succeeded in developing a sensor for the living body that can detect the bio-magnetic field with high sensitivity

Inc. succeeded in detecting the heart magnetic field by using the TMR device. This device enables cardiac electric activity to be measured in a nonaggressive way

In the future, a special shield room for detecting the bio-magnetic field would be unnecessary because this device has a large field range.


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Without it, heating or air conditioning would run without reacting to changes in outside conditions, allowing inside temperatures to vary dramatically.


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The team, led by nanoengineering professor Joseph Wang and electrical engineering professor Patrick Mercier, both from the University of California,


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Shannon Hilton and Paul Jones The microfluidic technology, developed in the lab of professor Mark Hayes in the Department of chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State university, uses microscale electric field gradients, acting on extremely small samples,

The geometric features of the channel shape the electric field creating regions of different intensity. This field creates the dielectrophoretic force that allows some cells to pass,


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Today cellular and Wi-fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data. But the increasing demands for data transfer are quickly becoming more than microwaves can handle.

Terahertz waves have a much higher frequency and therefore more potential bandwidth. Scientists and engineers have begun only recently exploring the potential of terahertz waves


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Nanopore technology, currently under development by many private enterprises, distinguishes individual nucleic acids by the distinctive perturbations they create in electric currents as they pass through microscopic pores.


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and off at record high petahertz speeds, creating a small direct current. Billions of rectennas in an array can produce significant current,


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They have created a new type of lithium-ion battery anode using portabella mushrooms, which are inexpensive, environmentally friendly and easy to produce.

The current industry standard for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes is synthetic graphite, which comes with a high cost of manufacturing

A conventional anode allows lithium to fully access most of the material during the first few cycles

The mushroom carbon anode technology could, with optimization, replace graphite anodes. It also provides a binderless

and current-collector free approach to anode fabrication. ith battery materials like this, future cell phones may see an increase in run time after many uses, rather than a decrease,

due to apparent activation of blind pores within the carbon architectures as the cell charges and discharges over time,

Hierarchically Porous Carbon Anodes for Li-ion Batteries, published on Sept. 29 in the journal Nature Scientific Reports.

Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,

It is expected that nearly 900,000 tons of natural raw graphite would be needed for anode fabrication for nearly six million electric vehicle forecast to be built by 2020.

This paper involving mushrooms is published just over a year after the Ozkan labs developed a lithium-ion battery anode based on nanosilicon via beach sand as the natural raw material.

Ozkan team is currently working on the development of pouch prototype batteries based on nanosilicon anodes. The UCR Office of Technology Commercialization has filed patents for the inventions above o


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prone to breaking and susceptible to interference from electric motors and other electromagnetic devices. But a single optical fiber can contain several sensors;


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or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery, said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study

because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,

Aside from its ability to work well with a carbon anode, however lithium is quite rare,

The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.

and be ready to take the advantage of the existing manufacturing processes of carbon anode materials. lectrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,


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Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including printed electronics.


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#A New Type of Memristors for Less Rigid Computing Two IT giants, Intel and HP, have entered a race to produce a commercial version of memristors (the fourth basic component of electronic circuits alongside resistors,


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Other systems have been developed to control boiling using electric fields, but these have required special fluids rather than water,


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such as a magnetic field, would not be detectable by an outside observer and would not disrupt other magnetic fields. o do this,

you would construct a material that surrounds the object in such a way that currents go around it.

Uhlmann theoretical device for cloaking magnetic fields would have practical applications, such as in devices that use optical data transmission.

Another real-world use for magnetic field cloaking would be medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging or MRI, utilizes magnetic fields. A cloaking device for magnetic fields could make it easier for doctors to utilize MRI during operations by idingthe field from surgical instruments. hat just one application.

But who knows what other applications there could be for this theory, which works for almost any kind of wave, said Uhlmann.

The primary reason this theory seemed so far from practice centered on the physical and mathematical constraints of the cloaking field.

Rendering a magnetic field invisible to outside observers but without disrupting the inherent properties of that field would require materials that do not exist in the natural world.

The metamaterial had just the right properties to cloak a specific magnetic field encased within the sphere,

and discovered that the magnetic field within the sphere could be rendered invisible to outside detection. hat essentially

Uhlmann first began working with cloaking theories in 2003, back then with electric fields in two dimensions.


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Now electrical engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have created a new kind of phototransistor and it is the fastest,


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These patients are usually on mechanical ventilators and some, though not all, die shortly after their family chooses to remove life support.


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which exert powerful magnetic fields to compress high-temperature plasmaoiling balls of charged particles that fuse to form helium, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.

such as the one at the International Thermonuclear Experimental reactor (ITER) project in southern France, use giant coils of electromagnets that consume much more energy than the machine actually produces.

The magnetic field that holds the ring together is generated by the plasma itself technique known as a field-reversed configuration.

The novelty of the ARC design is the nature of the electromagnets that confine the plasma.

the ARC reactor can achieve magnetic fields with much higher energyhus enabling a reactor design much smaller than other tokamak-based machines.

Increasing the amplitude of the surrounding magnetic field raises the amount of fusion power produced in the plasma to the fourth power dramatic increase that could lead to a commercial prototype in a matter of years,

if you raise the magnetic field to very high levels, he says, ut the electromagnets had to be coppero superconductor could tolerate that magnetic field.

Now the advent of advanced superconductor tapes could enable a compact reactor that produces fusion continuously.

Published in Fusion Engineering and Design, the ARC reactor paper stresses that, for the moment, it a conceptual design only.


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then used a similar process to develop tiny carbon spheres that act as a battery's anode.

"We envisage that batteries composed of these anode materials could be charged faster than those fabricated using conventional carbon materials."


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where shoppers spent £810m ($1. 2 billion) last year, John Lewis celebrated its biggest sales week of all time, shifting one Nutribullet food processor every 30 seconds.


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or running air conditioning could be assisted by energy from fuel normally wasted as heat emissions One of the less well-known properties of graphene could enable the carbonaceous wonder-material to help combustion engine vehicles to make better use of the energy from their fuel by converting waste heat into electricity

But materials that exhibit thermoelectric properties the ability to convert heat to electric current tend to work only at higher temperatures than those seen in engines.


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said Sayeef Salahuddin, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, and head of the research team at Berkley. owever, the physics needed to create long-term storage are not compatible with integrated circuits.

Creating a magnetic field for long-term magnetic memory requires power and space, which is why up until now computational

Previously, Salahuddin and his colleagues had discovered that passing a current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.

they could be aligned in close proximity yet retain the desired properties. e found that by tilting the magnet-just 2 degrees was enough-you get all the benefits of a high-density magnetic switch without the need for an external magnetic field,


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whiskers play a key role for animals in exploring, hunting or even just living undergroundsays electrical engineer Cagdas Tuna,


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which genersates its own magnetic field, one of the permanent magnets attracts it while the other repels it.


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Aeristech CEO. o other motor control arrangement is able to deliver at this pressure with such a high efficiency. he company has yet to release specific technical details,


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where the capacitance of the resistor takes time to charge. Electrical transistors are limited by the RC delay time


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It hovered thanks to"Magnetic field Architecture"(MFA), a fancy name for what the company's founder,

which is to say it doesn't have to float over magnets nor utilize superconductors (like the Lexus hoverboard does).

The hover engine essentially creates"swirls of electricity"that form magnetic fields both within the hover engine and the conductive surface.


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For example a Gan power adapter can be integrated into a laptop and other electronic devices eliminating the clunky brick that is commonly comes with a device's power cord.


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#Researchers develop worlds thinnest electric generator Researchers from Columbia Engineering and the Georgia Institute of technology report today that they have made the first experimental observation of piezoelectricity

and the piezotronic effect in an atomically thin material molybdenum disulfide (Mos2) resulting in a unique electric generator


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#Earths magnetic field could flip within a human lifetime Imagine the world waking up one morning to discover that all compasses pointed south instead of north.

Earth's magnetic field has flipped--though not overnight--many times throughout the planet's history. Its dipole magnetic field like that of a bar magnet remains about the same intensity for thousands to millions of years but for incompletely known reasons it occasionally weakens

and presumably over a few thousand years reverses direction. Now a new study by a team of scientists from Italy France Columbia University and the University of California Berkeley demonstrates that the last magnetic reversal 786000 years ago actually happened very quickly in less than 100 years--roughly a human lifetime.

Flip could affect electrical grid cancer ratesthe discovery comes as new evidence indicates that the intensity of Earth's magnetic field is decreasing 10 times faster than normal leading some geophysicists to predict a reversal within a few

And since Earth's magnetic field protects life from energetic particles from the sun and cosmic rays both

Dating ash deposits from windward volcanoes The new finding is based on measurements of the magnetic field alignment in layers of ancient lake sediments now exposed in the Sulmona basin of the Apennine Mountains east of Rome Italy.

and Volcanology measured the magnetic field directions frozen into the sediments as they accumulated at the bottom of the ancient lake.

Unstable magnetic field preceded 180-degree flipwhether or not the new finding spells trouble for modern civilization it likely will help researchers understand how

and why Earth's magnetic field episodically reverses polarity Renne said. The magnetic record the Italian-led team obtained shows that the sudden 180-degree flip of the field was preceded by a period of instability that spanned more than 6000 years.


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Power inverters convert direct current into the alternating current that powers the vehicle. The Oak ridge inverter achieves much higher power density with a significant reduction in weight and volume.


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or cathode and scratched the surface with sandpaper to form a light panel capable of producing a large stable and homogenous emission current with low energy consumption.

The new devices have luminescence systems that function more like cathode ray tubes with carbon nanotubes acting as cathodes

and a phosphor screen in a vacuum cavity acting as the anode. Under a strong electric field the cathode emits tight high-speed beams of electrons through its sharp nanotube tips--a phenomenon called field emission.

The electrons then fly through the vacuum in the cavity and hit the phosphor screen into glowing.

We have found that a cathode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes and an anode with the improved phosphor screen in our diode structure obtained no flicker field emission current and good brightness homogeneity Shimoi said.

Field emission electron sources catch scientists'attention due to its ability to provide intense electron beams that are about a thousand times denser than conventional thermionic cathode (like filaments in an incandescent light bulb.

That means field emission sources require much less power to operate and produce a much more directional and easily controllable stream of electrons.

The resistance of cathode electrode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotube is very low. Thus the new flat-panel device has compared smaller energy loss with other current lighting devices

which can be used to make energy-efficient cathodes that with low power consumption. Many researchers have attempted to construct light sources with carbon nanotubes as field emitter Shimoi said.


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Earth's radiation belts are regions in near-Earth space that contain vast quantities of solar energetic electrons trapped there by Earth's magnetic field.


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#Unique catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells synthesized in ordinary kitchen microwave oven Swedish and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.

which can be performed in an ordinary kitchen microwave oven purchased at the local supermarket. If we were not using argon as protective inert gas it would be fully possible to synthesize this advanced catalyst in my own kitchen!

Wågberg and his fellow researchers have received recently funding from the Kempe Foundation to buy a more advanced microwave oven


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The selected RNA serves as an adaptor that determines the target anywhere within the genome.


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The investigation of Strain 115 began as an undergraduate project after the bacteria had sat in a laboratory freezer for decades says Griffitts.


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#Magnetic superconductor: Strange bedfellows Chemists at Ludwig-Maximilias-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have synthesized a ferromagnetic superconducting compound that is amenable to chemical modification opening the route to detailed studies of this rare combination of physical properties.

Superconductivity and ferromagnetism--the normal form of magnetism such as that found in the familiar horseshoe magnet--are like chalk and cheese:

because the parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in the iron atoms generates a strong internal magnetic field.

Almost all known superconductors on the other hand form pairs of anti-aligned electrons and exclude magnetic field lines from their interiors.

But LMU chemists have discovered a new material in which these two properties can coexist: We have synthesized a new compound

It is a ferromagnetic superconductor says Professor Dirk Johrendt of the Department of chemistry. This is an important advance

Ferromagnetic superconductors are not unknown but they are exceedingly rare and almost always exhibit both properties simultaneously only when they are cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero(-273°C). The layered material

and superconductivity emerges. At somewhat lower temperatures the iron atoms in the (Life) OH layer become ferromagnetic

but superconductivity persists nevertheless. In cooperation with physicists from the Technical University in Dresden and the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villingen (Switzerland) the LMU researchers have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by the (Life) OH layers penetrates into the interleaved superconducting layers--spontaneously and in the absence of externally applied fields.

This novel state of matter is referred to as a spontaneous vortex phase. The few substances which exhibit this effect cannot easily be modified chemically

Our new compound for the first time gives us the chance to explore the influence of chemical modification on the coexistence of superconductivity


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A typical lithium-ion battery consists of two tightly packed electrodes--a carbon anode and a lithium metal-oxide cathode--with an ultrathin polymer separator in between.

Overcharging causes lithium ions to get stuck on the anode and pile up forming chains of lithium metal called dendrites Cui explained.

and eventually make contact with the cathode causing the battery to short. Smart separatorin the last couple of years we've been thinking about building a smart separator that can detect shorting before the dendrites reach the cathode said Cui a member of the photon science faculty at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

at Stanford. To address the problem Cui and his colleagues applied a nanolayer of copper onto one side of a polymer separator creating a novel third electrode halfway between the anode and the cathode.

The copper layer acts like a sensor that allows you to measure the voltage difference between the anode

and the separator Zhuo said. When the dendrites grow long enough to reach the copper coating the voltage drops to zero.

It's a warning that the battery should be removed before the dendrites reach the cathode and cause a short circuit.

If you wanted to error on the side of being safer you could put the copper layer closer to the anode.

Locating defectsin addition to observing a drop in voltage co-lead author Hui Wu was able to pinpoint where the dendrites had punctured the copper conductor simply by measuring the electrical resistance between the separator and the cathode.

so it has negligible effect on the flow of lithium ions between the cathode and the anode.


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NTU Singapore's scientists replaced the traditional graphite used for the anode (negative pole) in lithium-ion batteries with a new gel material made from titanium dioxide an abundant cheap and safe material found in soil.

NTU professor Rachid Yazami who was the co-inventor of the lithium-graphite anode 34 years ago that is used in most lithium-ion batteries today said Prof Chen's invention is the next

which Prof Chen's nanostructured anode has proven to do. Prof Yazami who is Prof Chen's colleague at NTU Singapore is not part of this research project

Lithium-ion batteries usually use additives to bind the electrodes to the anode which affects the speed in


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When the engineers sought collaborators to test the device in potentially useful applications H.-S. Philip Wong a professor of electrical engineering connected them with Victor Tse a neurosurgeon and consulting associate professor at Stanford School of medicine.


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#Unstoppable magnetoresistance Mazhar Ali a fifth-year graduate student in the laboratory of Bob Cava the Russell Wellman Moore Professor of Chemistry at Princeton university has spent his academic career discovering new superconductors materials

Ali applied a magnetic field to a sample of WTE2 one way to kill superconductivity if present and saw that its resistance doubled.

which is the change in resistance as a material is exposed to stronger magnetic fields. He noticed the magnetoresistance kept going up

The researchers then exposed WTE2 to a 60-tesla magnetic field close to the strongest magnetic field humans can create

Electronic information storage is dependent on the use of magnetic fields to switch between distinct resistivity values that correlate to either a one or a zero.

The larger the magnetoresistance the smaller the magnetic field needed to change from one state to another Ali said.

Today's devices use layered materials with so-called giant magnetoresistance with changes in resistance of 20000 to 30000 percent when a magnetic field is applied.

when the magnetic field is applied in a certain direction This could be very useful in scanners where multiple WTE2 devices could be used to detect the position of magnetic fields Ali said.


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#More efficient transformer materials Almost every electronic device contains a transformer. An important material used in their construction is electrical steel.

Transformers convert the standard voltage from the wall outlet into the lower voltages required by electronic devices.

Similar but more powerful transformers are used in electricity substations to convert the high voltages of the transmission grid into the standard AC power supply delivered to households.

All transformers have the same basic structure: a pair of iron cores around which wires of different lengths are wrapped.

These are the transformer coils one of which generates an oscillating magnetic field while the other converts this magnetic field into a voltage.

To minimize the energy loss associated with this process special types of iron-silicon alloy known as electrical steel are used to make the core.

However unlike transformer steel these materials do not have oriented a grain structure and therefore possess different magnetic properties.

In high-performance machines such as vehicle engines which are designed to run at high rotational speeds energy loss can be reduced by a few percentage points In high-torque electric motors such as those used to operate pumps the reduction in energy loss can be as high as twentyfive


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Whereas earlier high-resolution spectrometers were the size of a washing machine those built using our sensor will be no bigger than a microwave oven says IMS department head Werner Brockherde.


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between biology and mechatronics.""The direct skeletal attachment is created by what is known as osseointegration, a technology in limb prostheses pioneered by associate professor Rickard Brånemark and his colleagues at Sahlgrenska University Hospital.


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Other authors are Jongyoon Han an MIT professor of electrical engineering and biological engineering SMART researchers Zhiyong Poon L. M. Nyan and Tanwi Kaushik and National University of Singapore


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First he identified the primitive elements commonly used in microfluidic systems much like how circuitry is broken down in electrical engineering.

because a high density of transistors has many direct and indirect benefits for computation and signal processing.


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The basic concept behind resistive memory devices is the insertion of a dielectric material--one that won't normally conduct electricity--between two wires.

a narrow conduction path can be formed through the dielectric material. The presence or absence of these conduction pathways can be used to represent the binary 1s and 0s of digital data.

Research with a number of dielectric materials over the past decade has shown that such conduction pathways can be formed broken and reformed thousands of times,

At the same time, the researchers also conducted countless tests to compare the performance of silicon oxide memories with competing dielectric RRAM technologies."


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and moving parts and electrical engineers to design control systems Linden said. Tests have shown that each of the eight fiber-optic cables can produce between 80 and 90 watts of energy meaning the whole system can deliver up to 700 watts of energy into the reaction chamber said Linden.


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says Daniela Rus, the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor in MIT Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science,

and Andrew Spielberg and Stuart Baker, both graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science. Grasping consequencesthe problem the researchers address is one in


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and then a strong electric field stretches it out. The process is slow, however, and the number of nozzles per unit area is limited by the size of the pump hydraulics. The other approach is to apply a voltage between a rotating drum covered by metal cones and a collector electrode.

and the electric field causes the solution to travel to the top of the cones, where it emitted toward the electrode as a fiber.

says Reza Ghodssi, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Maryland. Relative to other approaches, he adds,


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When atoms travel across such an electric field, they are drawn to places of minimum potential in this case, the troughs.


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Eventually, Prakash decided to build a rotating magnetic field that could act as clock to synchronize all the droplets.

Prakash realized that a rotating magnetic field might do the trick. Katsikis and Prakash built arrays of tiny iron bars on glass slides that look something like a Pac-Man maze.

Next, they turned on the magnetic field. Every time the field flips, the polarity of the bars reverses, drawing the magnetized droplets in a new, predetermined direction, like slot cars on a track.

Combined with the fact that the magnetic field can control millions of droplets simultaneously, this makes the system exceptionally scalable. e can keep making it smaller and smaller


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an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and first author on the new paper. e need to regulate the input to extract the maximum power,

the Joseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley Professor in Electrical engineering, use an inductor, which is a wire wound into a coil.

When a current passes through an inductor, it generates a magnetic field, which in turn resists any change in the current.


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Mass-Selected Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (MS-PECD) uses circularly polarised light produced by a laser to ionise the molecules using a couple of photons to knock an electron out of the chiral molecule to leave a positively charged ion behind.


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The electrical engineers used their frequency comb to synchronize the frequency variations of the different streams of optical information,

said UC San diego electrical engineering Ph d. student Eduardo Temprana, the first author on the paper. The frequency comb ensured that the system did not accumulate the random distortions that make it impossible to reassemble the original content at the receiver.


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but they suffer from relatively low electrical conductivity, Mirvakili says. In this new work, he and his colleagues have shown that desirable characteristics for such devices,


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