Synopsis: Ict:

"Qihong and his colleagues have found a target that could result in a more accurate test than any method that's been used to screen for non-small cell lung cancer to date,

"This is the second time Wistar has identified a potential method for creating a blood test to screen for lung cancer.

and accumulate at the tumor site. However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site

with the majority of the remainder being diverted to the liver and spleen.''The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,

The researchers believe that this increased availability will allow more of the drug to reach the tumor site,

The discovery is the latest development in a long investigation sparked by a chance observation in an unusual mouse strain.

Years of subsequent research involving the MRL mouse led Heber-Katz and colleagues to theorize that the HIF-1a pathway,

of which is increased markedly before and after injury in the MRL mouse. Under normal oxygen conditions, HIF-1a is degraded by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDS.

their group found that it was possible to achieve healthy tissue regrowth in a mouse model in situ, without the use of stem cells."

#Planarian regeneration model discovered by artificial intelligence Arrayin order to bioengineer complex organs, scientists need to understand the mechanisms by which those shapes are produced normally by the living organism.

Lobo and Levin developed an algorithm that would use evolutionary computation to produce regulatory networks able to"evolve"to accurately predict the results of published laboratory experiments that the researchers entered into a database."

Tufts biologists devloped an algorithm that used evolutionary computation to produce regulatory networks able to"evolve"to accurately predict the results of published research on planarian regeneration.

The algorithm compared the resulting shape from the simulation with real published data in the database.

Arraythe researchers ultimately applied the algorithm to a combined experimental dataset of 16 key planarian regeneration experiments to determine

After 42 hours, the algorithm returned the discovered regulatory network, which correctly predicted all 16 experiments in the dataset.

and is the first regenerative model discovered by artificial intelligence, "said Levin. Lobo and Levin are trained both in computer science

and bring an unusual perspective to the field of developmental biology. Levin majored in computer science and biology at Tufts before earning his Ph d. in genetics.

Lobo earned a Ph d. in the field before joining the Levin lab. The paper represents a successful application of the growing field of"robot science

"While the artificial intelligence in this project did have to do a whole lot of computations, the outcome is a theory of

All this suggests to me that artificial intelligence can help with every aspect of science, not only data mining but also inference of meaning of the data."

Computation used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant OCI-1053575,

and a cluster computer awarded by Silicon Mechanics s

#Your viral infection history in a single drop of blood With Virscan, scientists can run a single test to determine which viruses have infected an individual,

A similar approach could also be used to screen for antibodies against other types of pathogens s

and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers. A new way of rapidly identifying bacteria,

and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South korea.

and computer software to analyze the images and identify them by comparing them to other, known bacteria.

The software uses a machine-learning algorithm--the sort computers connected to security cameras might use for automated facial recognition.

They then applied software they designed to the analysis, which used a conventional approach to statistical classification known as machine learning--a sorting strategy based on pattern similarities that has been used extensively in applications like facial recognition software.

This was the first time anyone had applied machine learning to Fourier Transform light scattering data, Park said. They are now looking to extend their initial work to see

if they can distinguish between several types of bacterial subgroups--to identify the most drug resistant or virulent strains from the innocuous ones.

In principle, the approach could be scaled up to screen for contaminated food or suspicious packages s

#New approach for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Arrayprof. Dr. Oliver Eickelberg and Dr. Claudia Staab-Weijnitz of the Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München and their colleagues at LMU University Hospital in Munich and Yale university

#Ultrasound, algorithms to diagnose bacterial meningitis in babies Three researchers from Spain and one from UK, Javier Jiménez, Carlos Castro, Berta Martí and Ian Butterworth,

-which already has a prototype-was to"facilitate the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using imaging technologies and algorithms."

The image obtained is analysed then by image-processing algorithms to determine the presence of cells indicating infection

Arrayarraythe researchers'printing surface consists of a sandwich-like structure made up of two thin films of silver separated by a"spacer"film of silica.

""Unlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer, where mixed color pigments are used, there is no color ink used in our structural printing process--only different hole sizes on a thin metallic layer,

pigment-free color printing and relevant applications such as security marking and information storage.""Other co-authors of the Scientific Reports paper are Dr. Fei Cheng, a researcher at Missouri S&t's Nanoscale Optics Laboratory,

A leader and follower controlled dots on a screen, using hand-held motion tracking sensors. The leader was taught to produce chaotic and unpredictable movements,

and when their dot moved on the screen the researchers found that, contrary to traditional thinking that a feedback delay would be a hindrance to coordination,

in much the same way that integration of electronics has driven the impressive advances of modern computer systems."

Working with an obese mouse model, the researchers gave the mice a synthetic version of lipoxin A4 to boost the amount of the natural substance already in their systems.

Engineers develop a computer that operates on water droplets The computer is nearly a decade in the making,

The work combines his expertise in manipulating droplet fluid dynamics with a fundamental element of computer science--an operating clock."

Because of its universal nature, the droplet computer can theoretically perform any operation that a conventional electronic computer can crunch,

or to operate word processors on this, "Prakash said.""Our goal is to build a completely new class of computers that can precisely control

and manipulate physical matter. Imagine if when you run a set of computations that not only information is processed

but physical matter is manipulated algorithmically as well. We have made just this possible at the mesoscale.""The ability to precisely control droplets using fluidic computation could have a number of applications in high-throughput biology and chemistry,

and possibly new applications in scalable digital manufacturing. Arrayarrayfor nearly a decade since he was in graduate school,

Computer clocks are responsible for nearly every modern convenience. Smartphones, DVRS, airplanes, the Internet--without a clock, none of these could operate without frequent and serious complications.

Nearly every computer program requires several simultaneous operations each conducted in a perfect step-by-step manner. A clock makes sure that these operations start

and stop at the same times, thus ensuring that the information synchronizes. The results are dire if a clock isn't present.

"The reason computers work so precisely is that every operation happens synchronously; it's what made digital logic so powerful in the first place,

Arraydeveloping a clock for a fluid-based computer required some creative thinking. It needed to be easy to manipulate,

allowing observation of computation as it occurs in real time. The presence or absence of a droplet represents the 1s and 0s of binary code

and the clock ensures that all the droplets move in perfect synchrony, and thus the system can run virtually forever without any errors."

and demonstrates building blocks for synchronous logic gates, feedback and cascadability--hallmarks of scalable computation. A simple-state machine including 1-bit memory storage (known as"flip-flop")is demonstrated also using the above basic building blocks.

"Prakash said the most immediate application might involve turning the computer into a high-throughput chemistry and biology laboratory.

and the droplet computer offers unprecedented control over these interactions. From the perspective of basic science, part of why the work is so exciting,

is that it opens up a new way of thinking of computation in the physical world.

Although the physics of computation has been applied previously to understand the limits of computation the physical aspects of bits of information has never been exploited as a new way to manipulate matter at the mesoscale (10 microns to 1 millimeter.

Right now, anyone can put these circuits together to form a complex droplet processor with no external control--something that was a very difficult challenge previously,

computation takes a special place. We are trying to bring the same kind of exponential scale up because of computation we saw in the digital world into the physical world

#How a gut feeling for infection programs our immune response An unexpected finding by an international team of scientists based at The University of Manchester

These cells are called rapidly to sites of infection and injury and have an amazing ability to change

It has always been assumed that the programming takes place once the cells arrive at the point of injury

Using mouse models Dr Grainger and his team looked at how and where monocytes are programs in response to toxoplasmosis,

and puts the early signals coming out from the gut at the centre of monocyte programming.

At the moment a lot of therapies are focused on the site of infection or injury itself but this data suggests that it's the signals that are being sent out from the gut that are impacting the whole immune system.

It might even be possible to develop drugs to target the programming mechanisms within the bone marrow,

"On top of uncovering the long-range signaling mechanisms the researchers were astounded by another aspect of the programming

and are focused on identifying situations where this gut information system may have gone wrong such as in inflammatory bowel diseases s

and 11 other fragments at other sites in the body. The transplanted tissue started to respond to her hormones

Choi, who joined Binghamton's faculty less than three years ago as an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, earned a doctorate from Arizona State university after doing undergraduate work and a master's degree in South korea.

you will see flashes of light every time the wheel is at the perfect spot for sunlight to hit it.

The speed of the Ferris wheel determines the frequency of the flashes you see, "he said."

These include newly planned light source facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade.""Such small sources and tiny MEMS devices form an ideal combination to make 3-D X-ray ultrafast movies with nanometer resolution,"added Jin Wang, a senior scientist at the APS and one

such as operating batteries and catalysts. It could enable the manipulation of the inner workings of matter to understand,

either to two sites on the same protein or to two proteins that are localised very close to each other.

which is well over the typical brightness levels of the portable displays used in smartphones. Considering how thin GQDS are,

a foldable paperlike display could soon become a reality. The present work for the first time, demonstrated that GQDS can be applied to optical devices by fabricating GQD-based LEDS with meaningful brightness.

from the University's Department of Engineering Mathematics, have designed a smart materials system, inspired by biological chromatophores,

The researchers found that it is possible to mimic complex dynamic patterning seen in real cephalopods such as the Passing Cloud display,

Aaron Fishman, Visiting Fellow in Engineering Mathematics, said:""Our ultimate goal is to create artificial skin that can mimic fast acting active camouflage

The site is one of nine such mills in Colorado used during the heyday of nuclear weapons production.

The Rutgers team was able to isolate the uranium-breathing bacterium in the lab by recognizing that uranium in samples from the Rifle site could be toxic to microorganisms as well as humans.

it could be considered for other sites where uranium was processed for nuclear arsenals or power plant fuel. While the problem isn't widespread,

And the problem could spread beyond traditional places such as ore processing sites.""There is depleted uranium in a lot of armor-piercing munitions,

plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, says Rodolphe Barrangou, associate professor of food science at NC State and a co-corresponding author of the paper.

Conventional honeycomb structures are insular panels of repeating, often hexagonal-shaped cells in a range of sizes and configurations.

In combination with other experimental data, the structure enabled us to pinpoint the binding site of Anapn1 antibodies that can

It is hoped this precise pinpointing may shed light on why enzymes are much more efficient at speeding up chemical reactions compared to human-made catalysts

than human-made catalysts that are used in industry. It is estimated that human-made catalysts underpin the creation of 80-90%of all manufactured goods

. Whilst researchers have a good understanding of the chemistry of enzymes, they are less sure about how enzymes physically react with their targets,

bacteria-sensing gloves and more Inkjet printing is one of the most immediate and accessible forms of printing technology currently available, according to the researchers,

and ink-jet printing of biomolecules has been proposed previously by scientists. However, the heat-sensitive nature of these unstable compounds means printed materials rapidly lose functionality,

'said Professor Bill Bonfield, chairman of the Armourers and Brasiers Venture Prize judging panel.''Our prize looks to encourage scientific entrepreneurship in the UK

Computations made by the group of Professor Thomas Heine from Jacobs University Bremen, which is involved also in the project,

Ram Krishna Ghosh, whose calculations show close correspondence to the experimental results. Datta cautions that the new resonant tunnel diode is just one element in a circuit

and Kavikrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of technology, Guwahati, utilized a well-known mouse model of Mtb infection, where months after drug treatment,

Using this mouse model of dormancy, scientists isolated the special bone marrow stem cell type, the CD271+mesenchymal stem cells, from the drug treated mice.

"The immune cells activated by the vaccine agent may not be able to reach the hypoxic site of bone marrow to target these"wolfs-in-stem-cell-clothing."

#Supercomputers surprisingly link DNA crosses to cancer Supercomputers have helped scientists find a surprising link between cross-shaped (or cruciform) pieces of DNA and human cancer, according to a study at The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin.

High performance computing at UT Austin's Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) with the Stampede and Lonestar supercomputers helped the researchers find short inverted repeats of 30 base pairs

Bacolla is a research associate in the Vasquez Lab.'What we found in our study was that the sites of chromosome breaks are not random along the DNA double helix;

We used the TACC supercomputers for that aspect of the work.''''We have used both the Stampede and the Lonestar Linux clusters.

We usually back up our data on Corral, 'Bacolla said. The challenge and need for using HPC,

The Vasquez team designed their algorithm to take a string of letters corresponding to the DNA bases A-t-C-G

We certainly cannot do this kind of work on our laptop or anything like a normal system in our laboratories;

when he tried to scale up to 100 or more sequences on one processor.''To solve this, we had to get in touch with TACC support staff,

Finally, we ended up with a solution by giving to each processor fewer sequences.''This allowed Bacolla to scale his code up and use over 1, 000 processors at once.'

'It would not have been possible to do this job without the TACC resources, 'Bacolla said.''The center is an incredible resource in terms of its capacity and support.

'Our next steps are to go forward with a mouse model that can detect mutations and translocations in the mouse genome using human sequences from these cancer breakpoints,

'Vasquez said. Does this really occur now in the context of chromosomes in living organisms?

'Vasquez sees a bright future in the intertwining of computation and the life sciences.''I think the potential of the computational analysis is mind-blowing.

Additionally, these advances could significantly impact the development of high-security, long-distance, cryptographic fiber optic communication networks. Nanoscale mirrored cavities that trap light around atoms in diamond crystals increase the quantum mechanical interactions between light and electrons in atoms.

Researchers developed a genetically modified mouse in which the Hif-1alpha protein is fused to another protein,

Until now, the computer industry has used various materials stacked on top of each other in a filigree structure to achieve this effect.

This material class therefore has enormous potential for future applications in information technology

#Expanding the DNA alphabet:''Extra'DNA base found to be stable in mammals Array'This modification to DNA is found in very specific positions in the genome--the places which regulate genes,

the researchers examined levels of 5fc in living adult and embryonic mouse tissues, as well as in mouse embryonic stem cells--the body's master cells which can become almost any cell type in the body.

They found that 5fc is present in all tissues but is very rare, making it difficult to detect.

'Our group has pioneered the idea of using lithium-ion batteries to search for catalysts, 'Cui said.'

'Our hope is that this technique will lead to the discovery of new catalysts for other reactions beyond water splitting.'

'In conventional water splitters, the hydrogen and oxygen catalysts often require different electrolytes with different phone acidic,

is actually more stable than some commercial catalysts made of precious metals.''We built a conventional water splitter with two benchmark catalysts, one platinum and one iridium,

'Wang said.''At first the device only needed 1. 56 volts of electricity to split water,

interconnected grain boundaries that become active sites for the water-splitting catalytic reaction, 'Cui said.'

'We believe that electrochemical tuning can be used to find new catalysts for other chemical fuels beyond hydrogen.

Jean-Christophe Larsimont and colleagues used state of the art genetic mouse models to dissect the functional role

much like changing the settings on itunes or a stereo lets one explore the behavior of music.

and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source--both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.

This computer turns the image to electronic signals that are sent wirelessly to an electronic device implanted on the retina

The researchers conducted visual function tests using both a computer screen and real-world conditions, including finding

A particular protein from within the sperm stays intact at the site of fusion. This protein--discovered by Herr's lab 15 years ago--remains in place

"Quantum dots, which have use in diverse applications such as medical imaging, lighting, display technologies, solar cells, photocatalysts, renewable energy and optoelectronics, are typically expensive and complicated to manufacture.

by adding the concept of wireless communication, the biosensor could be placed in one part of the body,

The counterpart is curved a strongly mirror on the end facet of an optical fibre. Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre.

including ultrahigh-definition three-dimensional color displays and state-of-the-art anti-counterfeiting measures. So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more'bang for the buck'.

"and wearing your computer on your sleeve, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of engineering have designed a responsive hybrid material that is fueled by an oscillatory chemical reaction

and can perform computations based on changes in the environment or movement, and potentially even respond to human vital signs.

and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new

reactive material system capable of performing computations without external energy inputs, amplification or computer mediation. Their research,"Achieving synchronization with active hybrid materials:

"allowing the material to be used for computation. Levitan adds, however, the computations would not be general purpose,

but rather specific to pattern-matching and recognition, or other non-Boolean operations.""Imagine a group of organ pipes,

and respond accordingly, thereby performing the actual computing.""Developing so-called"materials that compute"addresses limitations inherent to the systems currently used by researchers to perform either chemical computing or oscillator-based computing.

Chemical computing systems are limited by both the lack of an internal power system and the rate of diffusion as the chemical waves spread throughout the system,

Further, oscillator-based computing has not been translated into a potentially wearable material. The hybrid BZ-PZ model,

air quality and sound pressure devices, including for use in consumer electronics devices such as mobile phones. Interested in whether graphene could enable new applications and improved sensor performance,

including computers s

#Eco-friendly oil spill solution developed An eco-friendly biodegradable green'herding'agent that can be used to clean up light crude oil spills on water has been developed by researchers.

a universal strategy to screen gutter oils is not available at present. Polyu researchers have developed a simplified method for direct analysis of edible oils using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In the new MALDI-MS

And in mouse models lacking AIM2, the researchers found that they had smaller tumors and precancerous colon polyps when blocked Akt.

Wilson said the researchers believe their findings mean that drugs used to inhibit Akt could be used as a personalized therapy for people who don have AIM2. ur research paves the way for future clinical trials that screen for AIM2 expression in colon cancer

#Ultrasonic fingerprint sensor may take smartphone security to new level A new ultrasonic fingerprint sensor measures 3-D image of your finger's surface

and the tissue beneath it--enhancing biometrics and information security for smartphones and other devices.

Fingerprint sensor technology currently used in smartphones like the iphone 6 produces a two-dimensional image of a finger's surface,

"Using passwords for smartphones was a big security problem, so we anticipated that a biometric solution was said ahead

"After Apple announced a fingerprint sensor in their new iphone in 2013, it was inevitable that more would follow,

which smartphones rely on for such functions as microphones and directional orientation. They used a modified version of the manufacturing process used to make the MEMS accelerometer

and gyroscope found in the iphone and many other consumer electronics devices.""Our chip is fabricated from two wafers--a MEMS wafer that contains the ultrasound transducers

"said Zhenqiang Ma, the team leader and a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the UW-Madison."

but cellulose nanofibrillated fiber films have the potential to replace silicon wafers as electronic substrates in environmental friendly, low-cost, portable gadgets or devices of the future.

Quantum entanglement could allow users to send data through a network and know immediately whether that data had made it to its destination without being intercepted or altered.

With hyperentanglement, users could send much denser packets of information using the same networks. The research, published today in Nature Photonics,

the method for carrying many videos over a single optical fiber.""We show that an optical frequency comb can be generated at single photon level,

This could be useful for medical servers, government data communications, financial markets and military communication channels, as well as quantum cloud communications and distributed quantum computing."

allowing users--family physicians, for example--to run the test. The Biointerfaces Institute has developed a series of paper-based screening technologies

which enable users to generate clear, simple answers that appear on test paper indicating the presence of infection or contamination in people, food or the environment t

"Our next goal is to test the p53 inhibitors currently available in the same mouse models

communications devices like cellphones will utilize not only electromagnetic waves--radio--but also acoustic or ultrasonic sound, which can be highly directional and long-range."

which is the natural site of the immune response against pathogens as well as cancer, "says Dr. Kim who is also Professor of Surgery at Case Western Reserve University School of medicine and the Charles Hubay Chair at UH Case Medical center."

#Omnidirectional free space wireless charging of multiple wireless devices Scientists have made great strides in wireless-power transfer development.

A new WPT system is capable of charging multiple mobile devices concurrently and with unprecedented freedom in any direction,

A group of researchers at KAIST has developed a wireless-power transfer (WPT) technology that allows mobile devices to be charged at any location and in any direction,

just as Wi-fi works for Internet connections. With this technology, so long as mobile users stay in a designated area where the charging is available, e g.,

, the Wi-Power zone, the device, without being tethered to a charger, will pick up power automatically, as needed.

Either 30 smartphones with a power capacity of one watt each or 5 laptops with 2. 4 watts each can be simultaneously

The maximum power transfer efficiency for the laptops was 34%.%The researchers said that to fabricate plane Tx

This has made it possible for mobile devices to receive power from any direction. Although wireless-power technology has been applied to smartphones

it could not offer any substantial advantages over traditional wired charging because the devices still require close contact with the transmitter,

the WPT technology should provide mobile users with six degrees of freedom at a distance.

Until now, all wireless-charging technologies have had difficulties with the problem of short charging distance, mostly less than 10 cm,

The degree of freedom represents mobile devices'freedom of movement in three-dimensional space. In addition, the DCRS works at a low magnetic field environment.

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