and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure (DAVINCI) supercomputer supported by the NSF and administered by Rice s Ken Kennedy Institute for Information technology.
US Attorney general Eric holder Jr. was quoted recently in news reports as having xtreme extreme concernabout Yemeni bomb makers joining forces with Syrian militants to develop these hard-to-detect explosives which can be hidden in cell phones and mobile devices.
likely because computers don make judgments or look down on people the way another human might.
which will appear in Computers in Human Behavior, researchers recruited 239 adults through Craigslist. The participants,
The mere belief that participants were interacting with only a computer made them more open and honest, researchers found,
Afterwards, everyone tried to type the phrase one time, without the cues or vibrations, on a keyboard.
No one in the study had typed previously on a Braille keyboard or knew the language. The study also didn include screens or visual feedback,
so participants never saw what they typed. They had no indication of their accuracy throughout the study. he only learning they received was guided by the haptic interface,
They connected their system to a computer and demonstrated that they could use it to scan
This possibility is one of the reasons for the current interest in building the capacity to store electrical energy directly into a wide range of products such as a laptop
today computers are ridiculously slow and take about 40,000 times more power to run. rom a pure energy perspective,
Their strategy was to enable certain synapses to share hardware circuits. The result was called a device Neurogrid.
It about the size of an ipad and can simulate many more neurons and synapses than other brain mimicking devices using only about the power it takes to run a tablet computer.
But it still a power hog compared to the brain. he human brain, with 80,000 times more neurons than Neurogrid, consumes only three times as much power,
which aims to simulate a human brain on a supercomputer. By contrast the US BRAIN Projecthort for Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologiesas taken a tool-building approach by challenging scientists to develop new kinds of tools that can read out the activity of thousands
Zooming from the big picture, Boahen article focuses on two projects comparable to Neurogrid that attempt to model brain functions in silicon and/or software.
IBM OLDEN GATECHIP One of these efforts is IBM Synapse Projecthort for Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics.
with IBM on track to greatly increase the numbers of neurons in the system. HICANN CHIP FOR BRAIN SIMULATORS Heidelberg University Brainscales project has the ambitious goal of developing analog chips to mimic the behaviors of neurons and synapses.
with a roadmap to greatly expand that hardware base. Each of these research teams has made different technical choices,
such as whether to dedicate each hardware circuit to modeling a single neural element (e g.,, a single synapse) or several (e g.,
, by activating the hardware circuit twice to model the effect of two active synapses. These choices have resulted in different trade-offs in terms of capability and performance.
With that cheaper hardware and compiler software to make it easy to configure, these neuromorphic systems could find numerous applications.
Extended outlook: more clouds. The scrutinized planet which is known as GJ1214B is classified as a super-Earth type planet
which monitors two thousand red dwarf stars for transiting planets. The planet was targeted next for follow-up observations to characterize its atmosphere.
This suggests an ancient conservation in genetic and neural architectures involved in social information processing that transcends the sensory modalities used from mouse to man.
computers go for good enough Purdue University rightoriginal Studyposted by Emil Venere-Purdue on December 23 2013computers capable of pproximate computingcould potentially double efficiency
Researchers are developing computers that could perform calculations good enough for certain tasks that don t require perfect accuracy. he need for approximate computing is driven by two factors:
but you are not trying to be perfect. owever today s computers are designed to compute precise results even
Approximate computing could endow computers with a capability similar to the human brain s ability to scale the degree of accuracy needed for a given task.
but computer software and hardware are not like that. They often compute to the same level of accuracy all the time. urdue researchers have developed a range of hardware techniques to demonstrate approximate computing showing a potential for improvements in energy efficiency.
Recently the researchers have shown how to apply approximate computing to programmable processors which are ubiquitous in computers servers
and consumer electronics. n order to have a broad impact we need to be able to apply this technology to programmable processorssays Kaushik Roy professor of electrical
and computer engineering at Purdue. nd now we have shown how to design a programmable processor to perform approximate computing. he researchers achieved this milestone by altering the nstruction setwhich is the interface between software
and hardware. uality fieldsadded to the instruction set allow the software to tell the hardware the level of accuracy needed for a given task.
They have created a prototype programmable processor called Quora based on this approach. ou are able to program for quality
and that s the real hallmark of this worksays lead author doctoral student Swagath Venkataramani. he hardware can use the quality fields
and data mining. e have an actual hardware platform a silicon chip that we ve had fabricated which is an approximate processor for recognition
and data miningraghunathan says. pproximate computing is far closer to reality than we thought even a few years ago. he National Science Foundation partially funded the project.
and computer memory. Cellulose could come from a variety of biological sources including trees plants algae ocean-dwelling organisms called tunicates
Their latest paper published in the journal ACS Nano described harvesting energy from the touch pad of a laptop computer.
The generators can be made from nearly transparent polymers allowing their use in touch pads and screens.
#3d printed loudspeaker plays Obama speech The first 3d printed consumer electronic is a loudspeaker that comes out of the printer ready to use.
Lipson says he hopes this simple demonstration is just the ip of the iceberg. 3d printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active integrated systems he adds.
Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials. It s also difficult to find mutually compatible materialsâ##for example conductive copper
and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times. In the case of the speaker Kiran used one of the lab s Fab@Homes a customizable research printer originally developed by Lipson
and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges control software and other parameters.
For the conductor Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava graduate student in chemical
hat hath God wrought. reating a market for printed electronic devices Lipson says could be like introducing color printers after only black and white had existed. t opens up a whole new space that makes the old look primitive. ource:
or resources to efficiently screen and follow up with infected patientsâ##a person with active TB has only a 50 percent chance of survival.
The finding offers a potential new technology for advanced sensors high-resolution displays and information processing.
and optical switches small enough to be integrated into computer chips for information processing sensing and telecommunications says Alexander Kildishev associate research professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University.
or recording or for example pixels for 3d displays. Another potential application is the transmission and processing of data inside chips for information technologykildishev says. he smallest featuresâ##the strokes of the lettersâ##displayed in our experiment are only 1 micron wide.
and routing in future computers. While using photons would dramatically speed up computers and telecommunications conventional photonic devices cannot be miniaturized
because the wavelength of light is too large to fit in tiny components needed for integrated circuits. Nanostructured metamaterials however are making it possible to reduce the wavelength of light allowing the creation of new types of nanophotonic devices says Vladimir M. Shalaev scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue s Birck Nanotechnology Center
The tool called relational social image search achieves high reliability without using computationally intensive objector facial recognition software. f you want to search a trillion photos normally that takes at least a trillion operations.
#Computer gets smarter by looking at online pics 24-7 Carnegie mellon University Posted by Byron Spice-Carnegie mellon on November 26 2013a computer program called the Never Ending Image Learner (NEIL) is running 24
As NEIL s visual database grows the computer program gains common sense on a massive scale. NEIL leverages recent advances in computer vision that enable computer programs to identify
and label objects in images to characterize scenes and to recognize attributes such as colors lighting and materials all with a minimum of human supervision.
In turn the data it generates will further enhance the ability of computers to understand the visual world
and with NEIL we hope that computers will do so as well. computer cluster has been running the NEIL program
since late July and already has analyzed three million images identifying 1500 types of objects in half a million images and 1200 types of scenes in hundreds of thousands of images.
and catalogued. hat we have learned in the last 5 to 10 years of computer vision research is that the more data you have the better computer vision becomesgupta says.
But the scale of the Internet is so vast##Facebook alone holds more than 200 billion images that the only hope to analyze it all is to teach computers to do it largely by themselves.
what to teach computershe says. ut humans are good at telling computers when they are wrong. eople also tell NEIL what categories of objects scenes etc. to search
It can be anticipated for instance that a search for pplemight return images of fruit as well as laptop computers.
The program runs on two clusters of computers that include 200 processing cores. The Office of Naval Research and Google Inc. support the project.
The research team will present its findings on Dec 4 at the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision in Sydney Australiasource:
Arabidopsis thaliana commonly known as mouse-ear cress is an ideal organism for RNA studies the researchers say
or tablet is tilted to rotate the screen. In this new study published in Nature Nanotechnology the team took advantage of graphene s mechanical tretchabilityto tune the output frequency of their custom oscillator creating a nanomechanical version of an electronic component known as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO.
LED lightingâ##allowing for brighter more efficient lights. hese guidelines should permit the discovery of new and improved phosphors in a rational rather than trial-and-error mannersays Ram Seshadri a professor in the department of materials at University of California
This means the number of MKIDS that can be read out for a given price is increasing according to Moore s Lawâ##overall processing power for computers doubles every two yearsâ
By comparison Universal serial bus (USB) chargers for small electronic devices provide about 5v of power. e were aiming for the highest energy efficiency we could achievesays Hawkes. e had been getting energy efficiency around 6 to 10 percent
and maneuverable can also be found in the hovering behavior of hummingbirds and bees says senior author Cowan who directs the Locomotion in Mechanical and Biological Systems Lab at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of engineering. s an engineer
#Dendrites are like minicomputers in your brain University of North carolina at Chapel hill rightoriginal Studyposted by Mark Derewicz-UNC on October 30 2013the branch-like projections of neurons called dendrites are not just passive wiring
but act more like tiny computers multiplying the brain s processing power. uddenly it s
Dendrites effectively act as mini-neural computers actively processing neuronal input signals themselves. Directly demonstrating this required a series of intricate experiments that took years
They used patch-clamp electrophysiology to attach a microscopic glass pipette electrode filled with a physiological solution to a neuronal dendrite in the brain of a mouse.
As the mice viewed visual stimuli on a computer screen the researchers saw an unusual pattern of electrical signalsâ##bursts of spikesâ##in the dendrite.
and co-author on the paper. e want to know how nature builds these catalystsâ##from a chemist s perspective these are really strange things. he bacterial catalysts are organized based on precisely clusters of iron and sulfur atoms with side groups of cyanide and carbon monoxide.
These power cells could allow mobile devices that recharge in seconds and stay charged for weeks.
The tunable dielectric and its properties were envisioned first on paper tested on the computer created in the lab atom by atom patterned into a capacitor device
Scientists have theorized long a larger internal system monitors these individual gauges like a neural thermostat regulating average firing rates across the whole brain.
#Drop an internet in the ocean to detect tsunamis University at Buffalo rightoriginal Studyposted by Cory Nealon-Buffalo on October 14 2013a deep-sea internet network is expected to improve the way scientists detect tsunamis monitor pollution
and the projectâ#lead researcher. aking this information available to anyone with a smartphone or computer especially when a tsunami or other type of disaster occurs could help save lives. elodia will present his paper at the Association for Computing Machineryâ
The buoys convert the acoustic waves into radio waves to send the data to a satellite which then redirects the radio waves back to land-based computers.
and planned underwater sensor networks to laptops smartphones and other wireless devices in real time. Melodia tested the system recently in Lake erie a few miles south of downtown Buffalo.
Kulhandjian typed a command into a laptop. Seconds later a series of high-pitched chirps ricocheted off a nearby concrete wall an indication that the test worked.
and linked wirelessly to computers allows growers toâ ontrol the precise moisture of blocks of land based on target goalssays Vinay Pagay who helped develop the chip as a doctoral student in Lakso s lab
Using a sophisticated computer model of the white dwarf atmosphere developed by Detlev Koester at the University of Kiel they were able to infer the chemical composition of the shredded minor planet.
and studied could provide a scalable inexpensive platform to monitor toxic vapors from industrial solvents.
if you hit that same stop sign at 40 miles an hourgregg says. hereâ#a lot more energy that will be released. he Iceland formations some over 2 meters tall display telltale features that hint at how they were created.
Seelig likens this new approach to programming languages that tell a computer what to do. think this is appealing
because it allows you to solve more than one problemseelig says. f you want a computer to do something else you just reprogram it.
and Microsoft Research. The National Science Foundation the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Centers for Systems Biology supported the research.
Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Tom Abate-Stanford on September 27 2013engineers have built a basic computer using carbon nanotubes a success that points to a potentially faster more efficient alternative to silicon chips.
and computer scientist at Stanford university who co-led the work. ut there have been few demonstrations of complete digital systems using this exciting technology.
and entice them to explore how this technology can lead to smaller more energy-efficient processors in the next decaderabaey says.
and generate more heatâ##all in a smaller and smaller space as evidenced by the warmth emanating from the bottom of a laptop.
Many researchers believe that this power-wasting phenomenon could spell the end of Moore s Law named for Intel Corp. cofounder Gordon Moore who predicted in 1965 that the density of transistors would double roughly every two years
The Stanford team used this imperfection-immune design to assemble a basic computer with 178 transistors a limit imposed by the fact that they used the university s chip-making facilities rather than an industrial fabrication process.
It runs a basic operating system that allows it to swap between these processes. In a demonstration of its potential the researchers also showed that the CNT COMPUTER could run MIPS a commercial instruction set developed in the early 1980s by then Stanford engineering professor and now university President John Hennessy.
beyond silicon. hese are initial necessary steps in taking carbon nanotubes from the chemistry lab to a real environmentsays Supratik Guha director of physical sciences for IBM s Thomas J. Watson Research center
The authors used a model of the Earth s core that was run on the giant supercomputer Monte Rosa part of The swiss National Supercomputing Centre in Lugano Switzerland.
#Ink-jet printing creates soft nanostructures A new way to make nanostructures combines advanced ink-jet printing technology with block copolymers that spontaneously form ultra-fine structures.
Recently developed ultra high-resolution ink jet printing techniques have some potential with demonstrated resolution down to 100-200 nanometers
Combining jet printing with self-assembling block copolymers enabled the engineers to attain the much higher resolution as suggested by lead author Serdar Onses a postdoctoral scientist at Illinois. Onses earned his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin
or spatially placed over a wafer. his invention to use ink-jet printing to deposit different block copolymer films with high spatial resolution over the substrate is highly enabling in terms of device design
or different templates in different regions. he advanced form of ink-jet printing the engineers use to locally deposit block copolymers is called electrohydrodynamic or e-jet printing.
It operates much like the ink jet-printers printers office workers use for printing on paper. he idea is flow of materials from small openings except e-jet is a special high-resolution version of ink jet-printers printers that can print features down
and other types of nanomaterials. he most interesting aspect of this work is the ability to combine top down techniques of jet printing with â##bottom upâ##processes of self-assembly in a way that opens up new capabilities
I look back at my career I will be most proud ofmuller says. t s the first time that anyone has been able to see the arrangement of atoms in a glass. hat s more two-dimensional glass could someday find a use in transistors by providing a defect-free ultra-thin material that could improve the performance of processors
in computers and smartphones. The National Science Foundation funded the work at Cornell. Source: Cornell Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license 3
The nanoscale building blocks display remarkable strength and resistance to failure despite being more than 85 percent air.
which suggests that the general fabrication technique the researchers developed could be used to produce lightweight mechanically robust small-scale components such as batteries interfaces catalysts
or motions to the user to guide a child s hand as they play computer games designed to help writing.
the first time the stunning process of quantum teleportation has now been used in a circuit to relay information from one corner of the sample to the other. hat makes our work interesting is the system uses a circuit much like modern computer chips. n our system the quantum
They are commonly found across species of birds including those that lay blue eggs as well as non-blue eggs within a single population like the cuckoo and guillemot.#
Using mouse studies only about 100 genes with imprinted expression had been identified. To determine whether other genes exhibit imprinted expression Wang
Mouse experiments showed that if all DNA comes from the mother the embryo grows quite well
#Bubble lens bends nano beam of light PENN STATE (US) Using a few tiny liquid bubbles to bend light beams could open the doors for next-generation, high-speed circuits and displays, according to new research.
And building upon a conventional microscope, the new system costs only about $200 to implement. ne big advantage of this new approach is the hardware compatibility,
No other hardware modification is needed. The rest of the job is done by the computer. The new system acquires about 150 low-resolution images of a sample.
Each image corresponds to one LED element in the LED array. Therefore in the various images, light coming from known different directions illuminates the sample.
researchers have built a tool that improves touchscreen art. The fingers of thousands of people who created sketches of Brad pitt
and correct the drawing strokes of subsequent touchscreen users in an application created by researchers at Carnegie mellon University and Microsoft Research.
The app compensates for the at fingerproblem associated with touchscreens, automatically correcting a person drawing strokes
and writing on touchscreens and even provide deep insights into art and perception. The trick has been to create drawing databases large enough to leveragen obstacle that he
they found that they could cancel out the oisecaused by large fingers trying to draw on small screens.
Such findings, in turn, might help in developing better object recognition or scene analysis for computer vision systems.
and Michael Cohen, principal researcher in Microsoft Research Interactive Visual Media Group. The National Science Foundation, Google, Qualcomm, Adobe, Intel,
and the Okawa Foundation supported the research a
##Solar steam kills germs while off the grid RICE (US) A new sterilization system uses nanomaterials to convert 80 percent of the energy in sunlight into heat,
Huajian Gao professor of engineering tried to explain those results using powerful computer simulations but he ran into a problem.
and dodges screen freezes in mobile devices. It s the bane of streaming media#the endlessly spinning cursor on a dark screen or the final minutes of a favorite show freezing to a halt
when the wireless signal weakens. The new technology called streamloading could make spotty streaming and data-hogging downloads a thing of the past.
#Computer picks emotion based on brain scan CARNEGIE MELLON (US) For the first time, scientists have identified which emotion a person is experiencing based on brain activity.
because the impact of film clips diminishes with repeated display. The researchers solved the problem by recruiting actors from the School of Drama. ur big breakthrough was my colleague Karim Kassam idea of testing actors,
The computer model, constructed from using statistical information to analyze the fmri activation patterns gathered for 18 emotional words
The computer model achieved a rank accuracy of 0. 84. Rank accuracy refers to the percentile rank of the correct emotion in an ordered list of the computer model guesses;
random guessing would result in a rank accuracy of 0. 50. Next, the team took the machine learning analysis of the self-induced emotions to guess which emotion the subjects were experiencing
The computer model achieved a rank accuracy of 0. 91. With nine emotions to choose from,
when the computer model made use of activation patterns in only one of a number of different subsections of the human brain. his suggests that emotion signatures aren limited to specific brain regions,
but produce characteristic patterns throughout a number of brain regions, says Vladimir Cherkassky, senior research programmer in the psychology department.
#Computer models showed that refuges should be especially good for delaying resistance when inheritance of resistance in the pest is recessive#explains Carri##re.
Currently, scientists can grow sheets of graphene as large as a television screen by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in
The aerial and underwater vehicles just six inches long and about the weight of an ipod Nano can be launched with commands from a laptop hundreds of miles from the eye of a hurricane.
and huge supercomputers shows how complicated the dynamo process really is#says Professor Fausto Cattaneo of the University of Chicago#s department of astronomy and astrophysics.
It does this without requiring fancy changes in manufacturing or a new way of writing software
(i e. both iphones and Android phones) thanks to the compatibility of the jacks themselves. So the achievement isn#t so much in the test itself as it is in the components used to run that test simply and efficiently.
#Autodesk is now selling an open-source 3d printer Autodesk first foray into hardware is here: The Ember 3d printer is now available for anyone to order.
At $5, 995, the printer isn exactly a steal. Autodesk more so built it to be the perfect exhibitor for its open-source Spark 3d printing software,
which is currently in beta. People married to Autodesk suite of software might find that pairing of interest,
but the greater 3d printing industry might buy Ember because Autodesk plans to release exactly how it is built
and operates. Makerbot, the best known desktop 3d printer brand, gave rise to an entire class of printers
because its first machines were similarly open source. Ember could do the same for a different desktop technology.
I had the chance to see Ember in action at Autodesk Pier 9 manufacturing space in San francisco. It a digital light processing machine,
which means it uses a projector similar to those found in those bulky classroom machines.
a necessary step in DLP printing. The Ember printer handles that last step in an unusual way.
The tank is shaped like a cashew; a half-instead of the square shape used by every other DLP printer.
After each layer is printed, the print platform raises slightly and the tank whips around the curve of the machine before returning to its home position.
Autodesk chose the unusual tank design because it requires the machine to use a lot less force, according to Autodesk 3d printing research scientist Andreas Bastian.
Each time the projector cures a layer, it creates a huge amount of suction between the 3d printed object and the bottom of the resin tank.
pending approval from the FCC. Autodesk has yet to release the actual open-source documentation for the machine,
but my personal run-in with the printer at Pier 9 was welcome confirmation that Ember really exists,
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