In previous studies using mouse models of fragile X, Bear and others discovered that the loss of this gene results in exaggerated protein synthesis at synapses, the specialized sites of communication between neurons.
the researchers used a mouse model of 16p11.2 microdeletion, created by Alea Mills at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
biochemical, and behavioral analyses, the MIT team compared this 16p11.2 mouse with what they already had established in the fragile X mouse.
Synaptic protein synthesis was disrupted indeed in the hippocampus, a part of the brain important for memory formation.
which collectively occupy an area smaller than a millimeter in the mouse brain, are organized functionally in a seesaw-like fashion:
when he began experiments using newly developed fiber optic devices that allowed him to record Agrp-POMC activity in real time as mice were given food after a period of fasting. o one had recorded actually the activity of these neurons in a behaving mouse,
if we gave a hungry mouse some food, then slowly, over many minutes, it would become satiated
If you simply give food to the mouse, almost immediately the neurons reversed their activation state.
This happens when the mouse first sees and smells the food, before they even take a bite.
and mouse models with mutations in TBK1 or OPTN to study ALS disease mechanisms and to screen for drug candidates.
There are estimated to be 100 million cells in a mouse brain and 65 billion in a human brain.
The country Center for Research in Legitimacy and Political Protest claims that it has developed a computer program that will sift through social media websites every five minutes looking for signs of organized political opposition.
The software dubbed Laplace Demon after Pierre-Simon Laplace theoretical all-seeing intellect that could calculate the future based on the state of all matter pays particular attention to social media groups known to organize such rallies
and monitors the number of likes and reposts. In this way, it can anticipate when momentum is building
Yevgeny Venediktov, Twitter is the main focus for the software. He wrote, e conducted a survey
or ipad via a Bluetooth connection (Android app coming soon). Using the app, you chose the kind of session, the intensity as well as the length of a session.
The tiny robot is made of pre-cut polystyrene or paper panels which when heated, fold themselves into a very specific and asymmetrical shape.
The research team used specially designed software to analyze the facial expressions of 50 kids, ages 5 to 18 years old, recovering from laparoscopic appendectomies.
and computer vision (CV) and machine-learning (ML) techniques enable reliable, valid measurement of pain-related facial expressions from video.
The computer vision techniques used in the study are based on the Facial Action Coding system (FACS),
After an injection several centimeters into the brain of a laboratory mouse the scientists were able to monitor electronic brain signals.
Wearable device Changes Your Moodthe technique could also be used to create a new kind of brain-computer interface.
which is available on both ios and Android. DNEWS: Is The Internet Really Ruining Your Attention span?
#Printing Color Images Without Ink A new technology creates colorful images by manipulating light rather than applying ink.
producing the colorful logo. nlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer, where mixed color pigments are used,
Artists Discover 3-D Printingthe Missouri S&t team believes the mechanical coloring on the silver/silica materials provide a much higher printing resolution than conventional color printing, according to Gizmag.
#Floating, Touchable'Fairy Lights'Unveiled A team of researchers from Japan has found a way to use a high-speed laser to create a touchable plasma display in mid-air.
"has advantages over other 3-D displays. For starters, it doesn require physical matter arranged
Laser Levitates Diamondsalthough the displays right now are tiny, at just eight cubic millimeters, there hope that they will become larger as the technology progresses.
Hadrian begins by using computer-aided design (CAD) to determine the precise placement of every brick in a given structure to within one hundredth of an inch.
and tablets you might consume are the real deal. Back in 2014, the company was named a Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum.
The bins will pay for themselves, eventually, with display advertising. The smart trash cans will join another citywide initiative to turn all those old abandoned public pay phones into charging stations
The panels of the car connect to body sensors on the driver body. As the driver pulse quickens
The makers of SCIO hope that, by working with developers and pairing the device with software apps,
in fact when a programmer pushed a button on the top of their heads. One robot had a placebo button
and display a level of self-awareness to distinguish itself from the other two robots. It also opened the door to the possibility that self-aware robots could make their way into the future e
Based on the team screens of soil, the compound seems to be relatively rare, so Lewis doubts that many bacteria have evolved to produce an enzyme that could destroy it.
Running these data through a computer model, they found that they could get the experimental results
The research has been uploaded to the arxiv server and submitted to the journal Physical Review Letters.
With the software loaded onto a rover engineers can simply input desired waypoints for the rover to reach
The system also uses the cameras and satellite images to monitor progress. In 2012 Seeker was tested for the first time in the Atacama desert in Chile a landscape similar to that of Mars. There it guided the Robovolc rover built to traverse the edge of volcanoes over several kilometres in a single day.
With the software loaded onto a rover engineers can simply input desired waypoints for the rover to reach
The system also uses the cameras and satellite images to monitor progress. In 2012 Seeker was tested for the first time in the Atacama desert in Chile a landscape similar to that of Mars. There it guided the Robovolc rover built to traverse the edge of volcanoes over several kilometres in a single day.
Kiri Wagstaff and her colleagues at the Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena California have developed software that can identify a plume of water
The researchers tested the software on unprocessed images of comet Hartley 2 and Saturn's moon Enceladus.
But the software will be of even more benefit on future missions to the outer solar system and eventually planetary systems outside our solar system.
So Sarty and his colleagues at MRI manufacturer MRI-Tech Canada of Calgary Alberta and space flight hardware maker Com Dev International of Cambridge Ontario have developed a technique called Transmit Array Spatial Encoding
All this significantly reduces the hardware complexity of an MRI which saves us considerable weight making it suitable for space flight Sarty told New Scientist.
or Microsoft's Bing images to obtain evidence to support their case. Why would they need space detectives?
Computer simulations suggested that when galaxies merge they usually form a single blob-shaped galaxy classed as elliptical.
and double as portable power-packs for computers or other kit used in the field. But existing methods for creating usable hydrogen gas from water require a lot of electricity.
And with an open software interface anyone will be able to develop apps that use the imagery.
But the craft does include touchscreen interfaces to control the spacecraft as well as manual buttons for critical functions that would be needed in case of emergency.
#Baby model cosmos grows up to look like the real thing A supercomputer simulation has tracked the evolution of the universe from a mere 12 million years after the big bang until the present day.
and supermassive black holes pulling in material that gets too Close to run the simulation the team used several supercomputers in Europe and the US each
of which contained many central processing units or CPUS. By contrast an ordinary computer might have just one.
The entire simulation took 16 million CPU hours which means that running it on a single normal computer would take nearly 2000 years.
The resulting cosmos was almost indistinguishable from the real one we see today. As a demonstration the team compared a simulated version of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field observation to the real thing
which was made when the Hubble space telescope stared at one spot in the sky for nearly 12 days.
The feed relays to a control station, where a human surgeon operates it using joysticks.
Established in the 1960s India's space programme has focused so far on aiding the country's development building satellites to spot potential sources of groundwater and monitor deforestation.
Dubbed Space Race it is one of three space-based reality TV SHOWS that could be gracing our screens in the coming years assuming producers can get their hands on a working spacecraft.
it will probably be thanks to MIT spinout QD Vision, a pioneer of quantum dot television displays.
Last June, Sony used QD Vision product, called Color IQ, in millions of its Bravia riluminostelevisions, marking the first-ever commercial quantum dot display.
these displays will be olling out to the rest of the world. Replacing the bulb In conventional LCD TVS
and green filters to produce the colors on the screen. But this actually requires phosphors to convert a blue light to white;
and displays only reach about 70 to 80 percent of the National Television Standard Committee color gamut.
with greater power efficiency than any other technology. he value proposition is that you are not changing the display,
and yet the entire display looks much better. The colors are much more vivid known as much more saturated allowing you to generate a much more believable image,
Green from radle to gravewhile QD Vision aims to bring consumers more color-saturated displays,
which replaces phosphor in displays the company developed a much greener synthesis, according to the EPA.
Other technologies, called organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, use an organic compound to reach upward of 100 percent of the color gamut
Lighting to displays, and back QD Vision technology began at MIT more than a decade ago.
quantum dot displays. aking a transition like that from lighting to displays tests the nerves of folks involved, from top to bottom,
Pooling all resources into displays, the company eventually caught the eye of Sony, and last year became the first to market with a quantum dot display.
Today, QD Vision remains one of only two quantum dot display companies that have seen their products go to market.
Now, with a sharp rise in commercial use, quantum dot technologies are positioned to penetrate the display industry
Coe-Sullivan says. Along with Color IQ-powered LCD TVS, Amazon released a quantum dot Kindle last year,
and Asus has a quantum dot notebook. nd there nothing in between that quantum dots can address,
The idea is to generate a robust marketplace of ideas about how best to enhance the trustworthiness of computer systems while respecting individual privacy and free expression rights encouraging innovation and supporting the broader public interest.
William Hewlett who earned an SM degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 1936 was cofounder with David Packard of the Hewlett-packard Company a multinational information technology company y
With these modifications nitroxides can circulate for several hours in a mouse s bloodstream long enough to obtain useful MRI images.
The mouse liver produces Vitamin c so once the particles reached the liver they grabbed electrons from Vitamin c turning off the MRI signal
and Lu treat an entire population of cells as an analog hard drive greatly increasing the total amount of information that can be stored
These engineered bacteria could also be used as biological computers Lu says adding that they would be particularly useful in types of computation that require a lot of parallel processing such as picking patterns out of an image.
3-D printing. Until recently, Spielberg worked in the MIT Media Lab with Neri Oxman, the Sony Corporation Career development Assistant professor of Media Arts and Sciences, graduate students Steven Keating and John Klein,
As part of the Mediated Matter Group, he focused on converting a robotic arm to a computer controlled arm, capable of printing projects, like houses.
Outside the box Ordinarily, 3-D printing occurs inside a box limiting the size of printable objects to that of the printer housing.
It analogous to how an office printer cartridge runs back and forth, but on a much grander scale:
Spielberg jumped to the other end of the 3-D printing spectrum, moving from walls to nanoscale fluidic chips.
Once again, Spielberg role in the lab is with optimizing the 3-D printer that makes the device.
and, much like manufacturing a standard computer chip, starts with creating silicon wafers, which act as a template for the final product.
This new visualization system combines ceiling-mounted projectors with motion-capture technology and animation software to project a robot intentions in real time.
They then developed computer software that visually renders iddeninformation, such as a robot possible routes, and its perception of an obstacle position.
or hardware issues, and that where our system can significantly reduce the amount of effort spent by researchers to pinpoint the causes,
i-Teams draft the two professors earned a Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation grant in 2009 allowing for the first demonstration of the hardware showing a 77 percent gain in efficiency over standard systems.
#Spinning out a company has been the best way to validate the technology especially with novel power-electronics hardware Dawson says.
In introducing new hardware you not only have to be better than the product of today
Courtesy of Juan Aragones Josh Steimel and Alfredo Alexander-Katzfull Screen The next step is to test the approach in more complex settings.
Personalized treatmentsthis system could be used in combination with hundreds of existing mouse strains that have been engineered to express known cancer genes allowing researchers to study more thoroughly the interactions of multiple genes.
along with computer scientists at Columbia University, have developed a method that predicts the pattern of coils and tangles that a cable may form
At Columbia, computer scientists adapted a source code used for simulating animated hair and, incorporating the parameters of the MIT experiment,
In my opinion the best nanosystems are going to be done by 3-D printing because it would bypass the problems of standard microfabrication Velsquez-Garca says.
3-D printing is going to make a big difference in the kinds of systems we can put together
#High-speed biologics screen MIT engineers have devised a way to rapidly test hundreds of different drug-delivery vehicles in living animals making it easier to discover promising new ways to deliver a class of drugs called biologics
Then the lipidoid-RNA complex was injected automatically guided by a computer vision algorithm. The system can be adapted to target any organ
The lipidoid material screen is just an example demonstrated in this article; a similar strategy can be extended readily to other libraries
If we can pick up certain design features from the screens it can guide us to design larger combinatorial libraries based on these leads Yanik says.
Using those mouse models we found that we could perfectly recapitulate these exact metabolic changes during the earliest stages of cancer Vander Heiden says.
panel on one side that it can slide along an underwater surface to perform ultrasound scans.
Indeed Bhattacharyya built the main structural components of the robot using a 3-D printer in Asada s lab. Half of the robot the half with the flattened panel is waterproof and houses the electronics.
Two of those tubes vent on the side of the robot opposite the flattened panel so they can keep it pressed against whatever surface the robot is inspecting.
Zhao says the same basic approach could eventually lead to production of large, flexible display screens and antifouling coatings for ships.
has developed a platform hardware, software, and cloud services that lets manufacturers pick and choose various components
and application-specific software to add to commercial drones for multiple purposes. The key component is the startup Linux-based autopilot device,
a small red box that is installed into all of a client drones. his is responsible for flying the vehicle in a safe, reliable manner,
and acts as hub for the components, so it can collect all that data and display that info to a user, says Downey, Airware CEO,
who researched and built drones throughout his time at MIT. To customize the drones customers use software to select third-party drone vehicles and components such as sensors, cameras, actuators,
and communication devices configure settings, and apply their configuration to a fleet. Other software helps them plan
and monitor missions in real time (and make midflight adjustments), and collects and displays data. Airware then pushes all data to the cloud,
where it aggregated and analyzed, and available to designated users. If a company decides to use a surveillance drone for crop management, for instance,
it can easily add software that stitches together different images to determine which areas of a field are overwatered
or underlying hardware, they just need to connect their software or piece of hardware to the platform,
viewing companies that monitor crops and infrastructure with drones that require specific cameras and sensors as potential early customers.
even though you could change the software, Downey says. A five-year stretch at Boeing as an engineer for the U s. military A160 Hummingbird UAV and as a commercial pilot put Downey in contact with drone manufacturers, who,
he found, were still using black boxes or open-source designs. hey were basically facing the same challenges we faced as undergrads at MIT,
the development of a standard operating system for drones is analogous to Intel processors and Microsoft DOS paving the way for personal computers in the 1980s.
Before those components became available, hobbyists built computers using software that didn work with different computers.
At the same time, powerful mainframes were only available to a select few and still suffered software-incompatibility issues.
Then came Intel processors and DOS. Suddenly engineers could build computers around the standard processor and create software on the operating system,
without needing to know details of the underlying hardware. ee doing the same thing for the drone space,
Downey says. here are 600 companies building differing versions of drone hardware. We think they need the Intel processor of the drones,
if you will, and that operating system-level software component, too like the DOS for drones.
The benefits are far-reaching, Downey says: rone companies, for instance, want to build drones and tailor them for different applications without having to build everything from scratch,
he says. But companies developing cameras, sensors, and communication links for drones also stand to benefit,
he adds, as their components will need only to be compatible with a single platform. Additionally, it could help the Federal aviation administration (FAA) better assess the reliability of drones;
Congress recently tasked the agency with compiling UAV rules and regulations by 2015. This could also help promote commercial drone use in the United states,
and every drone has different software and electronics, it good for the FAA if all of them had reliable and common hardware and software,
he says. e think it valuable for everybody. n
#Manual control When you imagine the future of gesture-control interfaces, you might think of the popular science-fiction films inority Report (2002) or ron Man (2008).
or wireless gloves to seamlessly scroll through and manipulate visual data on a wall-sized, panoramic screen.
and control digital content across multiple screens, from any device, using gesture control. Overall, the major benefit in such a system lies in boosting productivity during meetings,
Mezzanine surrounds a conference room with multiple screens, as well as the rainsof the system (a small server) that controls and syncs everything.
Several Wii-like wands with six degrees of freedom, allow users to manipulate content such as text, photos, videos, maps, charts, spreadsheets,
and PDFS depending on certain gestures they make with the wand. That system is built on g-speak,
a type of operating system or a so-called patial operating environmentused by developers to create their own programs that run like Mezzanine.
and IBM, as well as government agencies and academic institutions, such as Harvard university Graduate school of Design. Architects and real estate firms are also using the system for structural designing.
That meant the team could make any projected surface a veritable computer screen, and the data could interact with,
Seeing this technology on the big screen inspired Underkoffler to refine his MIT technology, launch Oblong in 2006,
Having tens of millions of viewers seeing the technology on the big screen, however, offered a couple of surprising perks for Oblong,
Additionally, being part of a big-screen production helped Underkoffler and Oblong better explain their own technology to clients,
so theye instantly legible on screen is really close to the refinement you need to undertake
ut we really hope to radically tilt the whole landscape of how we think about computers and user interface. n
if it ran on a server used to coordinate data from cellphones running a taxi-sharing app.
They found that even running on a single Linux box it could find optimal matchings for about 100000 trips in a tenth of a second
or lab bench but the team is also working on a portable version that is about the size of a small electronic tablet.
and devised Medeye a bedside medication-scanning system that uses computer vision to identify pills
Although the hardware is impressive much innovation is in Medeye s software which cross-references (and updates) the results in the patient s records.
because it s new for instance the system alerts the nurse who adds the information into the software for next time.
Companies sell medications with barcodes others sell software or barcode scanners. Hospitals have to make all these things work together
In a computer-vision class in the Computer science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory he saw that advances in 3-D object-recognition technology meant computers could learn objects based on various characteristics.
Everyone s starting companies says Reynisson a trained programmer who wrote early object-recognition code for the Medeye.
First they used their engram-labeling protocol to tag neurons associated with either a rewarding experience (for male mice socializing with a female mouse) or an unpleasant experience (a mild electrical shock.
They also devised a computer simulation that can predict a cell trajectory through the channel based on its size
#Unlocking the potential of simulation software With a method known as finite element analysis (FEA), engineers can generate 3-D digital models of large structures to simulate how theyl fare under stress, vibrations, heat,
and oil rigs these simulations require intensive computation done by powerful computers over many hours, costing engineering firms much time and money.
Now MIT spinout Akselos has developed novel software, based on years of research at the Institute, that uses precalculated supercomputer data for structural components like simulated egosto solve FEA models in seconds.
A simulation that could take hours with conventional FEA software for instance, could be done in seconds with Akselosplatform.
Hundreds of engineers in the mining, power-generation, and oil and gas industries are now using the Akselos software.
The startup is also providing software for an MITX course on structural engineering. With its technology, Akselos aims to make 3-D simulations more accessible worldwide to promote efficient engineering design,
says David Knezevic, Akseloschief technology officer, who co-founded the startup with former MIT postdoc Phuong Huynh
and alumnus Thomas Leurent SM01. ee trying to unlock the value of simulation software, since for many engineers current simulation software is far too slow
and labor-intensive, especially for large models, Knezevic says. igh-fidelity simulation enables more cost-effective designs, better use of energy and materials,
that used that technique to create a mobile app that displayed supercomputer simulations, in seconds, on a smartphone.
A supercomputer first presolved problems such as fluid flow around a spherical obstacle in a pipe that had known a form
Today Akselos software runs on a similar principle, but with new software, and cloud-based service.
A supercomputer precalculates individual components, such as, say, a simple tube or a complex mechanical part. nd this creates a big data footprint for each one of these components,
which we push to the cloud, Knezevic says. These components contain adjustable parameters, which enable users to vary properties,
After that, the software will reference the precomputed data to create a highly detailed 3-D simulation in seconds.
and created modified simulations within a few minutes. he software also allows people to model the machinery in its true state,
since with other software it not feasible to simulate large structures in full 3-D detail.
who is using the startup software albeit a limited version in her MITX class, 2. 01x (Elements of Structures).
Primarily, he hears that the software is allowing students to uild intuition for the physics of structures beyond
On Knezevic end, at the Boston office, it all about software development, tailoring features to customer needs a welcome challenge for the longtime researcher. n academia,
typically only you and a few colleagues use the software, he says. ut in a company you have people all over the world playing with it
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