Effects of extreme and adverse events difficult to assessrã tter and his colleagues have studied the risks to crops caused by climate change in the ongoing Cropm/FACCE MACSUR project.
and high temperature stress for crops. Applied in combination with crop simulation models it is also possible to evaluate local adaptation strategies as successfully shown in an earlier study for barley in Finland.
Similar risks apply to other crops as wellthe FACCE MACSUR project runs regional pilot studies throughout Europe on the effects of climate change and adaptation of farming practices on future crop production and food supply.
In addition to wheat the novel indicator method will be applied to the risk assessment of other crops as well.
Although our results highlight the potential of adverse impacts of changing climate on wheat similar risks apply to other crops as well for their growing times
Historically the area experiences two rainy seasons--the primary one from April to July when the major crops are grown then a short dry period in August and a minor one from September to November.
#and that's good news for the United states. Jay O'Neil an instructor and specialist at the university's International Grains Program says what happens with El Niã o will affect worldwide crop production.
El Niã o which is the warming of the sea temperatures off the coast of Peru is expected to affect crops during September October and November.
El Niã o is generally favorable to crop production in the United states because it brings extra rain
and big crop production so there's plenty for everybody. Better crop production in the U s. would also mean lower food prices.
However other countries would experience harsher growing conditions because of El Niã o. O'Neil says South america is expected to be dryer than usual
Half the subjects in an online survey read the story of the 1850s Irish potato Famine learning the potential impact of fungal Phytophthora infestans on potato and tomato crops today.
The other 400-plus pondered generic plant disease with no mention of specific crops or historic famines.
airborne P. infestansspores are drifting through home-garden tomato crops. If you think genetically modified crops are dangerous'frankenfoods
and holds promise for developing iron-rich but cadmium-free crops. Iron and cadmium are both found in soil
and other grain crops one dayâ#said Olena Vatamaniuk associate professor of crop and soil sciences and the paperâ##s senior author. â#oeour work suggests that manipulation of the expression of OPT3 can provide promising avenues for targeted biofortification strategies directed at increasing iron density
while omitting cadmium in the edible portions of crops. â#Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cornell University.
and biomaterials production and provide a stable year-round source of biomass that doesn't compete with food crops.
Our analysis provides a much more comprehensive understanding of the genetic control of carbon allocation towards cell wall biopolymers in woody plants--a crucial step toward the development of future biomass crops.
for the Department of energy their energy-rich cellulosic biomass makes them one of the principal candidate biomass energy crops.
Examples for such a combination of two genomes called allopolyploidy are found abundantly in both wild plants and crops like wheat rapeseed and cotton.
Such a fitness advantage is known also from allopolyploid plants in nature and from the superior growth properties of allopolyploid crops.
#Perennial corn crops? It could happen with new plant-breeding toolsince the first plant genome sequence was obtained for the plant Arabidopsis in 2000 scientists have sequenced gene everything from cannabis to castor bean.
Christopher Henry a computational biologist at the University of Chicago who had a leading role in creating the database called Plantseed said it is an important step toward the engineering of improved crops such as creating rice that grows more efficiently
Imagine if you didn't have to plant seeds for crops --if crops were just like your flowers
and your maize just came up year after year he said. Andrew Hanson a UF eminent scholar in horticultural sciences said he believes Plantseed--the capstone of the team's three-year effort--will prove even more of a boon to traditional breeders
or a failure to provide the crops with sufficient water. When crops are pollinated adequately on the other hand the plants bear more fruit and their nutrient content changes.
These are the findings of an experiment on almond trees conducted in California by the Freiburg ecologist Prof.
#Grain legume crops sustainable, nutritiouspopular diets across the world typically focus on the right balance of essential components like protein fat and carbohydrates.
A recent study published in Crop science examined the mineral micronutrient content of crops grown in the province of Saskatchewan Canada.
Therefore grain legume crops are overlooked often as potentially valuable sources of micronutrients. Diets that do not provide adequate amounts of micronutrients lead to a variety of diseases that affect most parts of the human body.
Warkentin notes A 100-gram (3 Â-ounce) serving of any one of the four grain legume crops studied provided a substantial portion of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iron zinc selenium magnesium
Calcium was the only key micronutrient that these crops lacked. Interestingly most of the crops studied were high in selenium with chickpeas
and lentils being the best sources. Selenium is an important but often overlooked micronutrient. Selenium deficiency can lead to diseases that weaken heart muscles and cause breakdown of cartilage.
and consumption of grain legume crops should be encouraged by agriculturalists and dietitians around the world.
Since grain legume crops don't require nitrogen-based fertilizers which are derived from fossil fuels they are very sustainable.
Warkentin also says Grain legume crops are highly nutritious. In addition to the micronutrients described in this research they also contain 20-25%protein 45-50%slowly digestible starch soluble and insoluble fiber
if the amount of fertilizer crops need is exactly the amount that's applied to farmers'fields.
Because nitrous oxide emissions won't be accelerated by fertilizers until crop nitrogen needs are met more nitrogen fertilizer can be added to underfertilized crops with little impact on emissions he said.
Adding less nitrogen to overfertilized crops elsewhere however would deliver major reductions to greenhouse gas emissions in those regions.
During the last 15 years expansion of agriculture in the state has helped Brazil become one of the world's top producers of soy corn cotton and other staple crops.
That intensification came mostly in the form of double cropping--planting two crops in the same field in a single growing season.
Moreover the U s. Department of energy Office of Science has targeted research into the common bean because of its importance in enhancing nitrogen use efficiency for sustainability of bioenergy crops and for increasing plant resilience and productivity with fewer inputs on marginal lands
However many agricultural lands are deficient in nitrogen leading farmers to rely on fertilizers to supply the needed nutrient for their crops.
and sustained is a crucial to improving agricultural practices as increasing crop yields are desired both for fuel and food production.
advances in feeding the world's growing population through improved crop production said Sonny Ramaswamy director of USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
The practice ensures that the land can continue to produce high-yield crops without resorting to adding fertilizers or other artificial methods of providing nutrients to the soil.
which could lead to crops that are more resistant to disease and stresses such as environmental changes.
However an equivalent amount is lost through logging clearing of land for grazing and growing biofuel crops such as palm oil soya bean and sugar.
and to further demystify the fascinating process--of how plants make the fertile sperm inside the pollen grains--that are essential for the vast majority of our food crop production.
--or'horizontal gene transfer'--between crops or from crops to wild species. This new knowledge also generates genetic tools
In future such information may become increasingly important as we strive to breed superior crops that maintain yield in a changing climate.
and setting minimum requirements on number of crops grown to stop areas slipping into homogenous'monocultures'.
and diverse communities of wild insects to pollinate crops or regulate pest outbreaks. These are enjoyed things by everyone
and carefully defining what crops and management prescriptions qualify as Ecological Focus Areas. They also list six recommendations for the EU to consider towards the next still-much-needed revision of the CAP.
Dennis Bowman a crop sciences educator with U. of I. Extension is using two drones to take aerial pictures of crops growing in research plots on the farms.
if the drone photography can help us identify where crops are stressed by postemergence herbicide applications.
For farmers aerial photographs taken by drones offer a quick and easy way to check on the progress of crops
The arrival of tree bumblebees could be hugely beneficial to us by absorbing parasite pressure from our native species as well as helping to pollinate wild plants and crops.
because we won't have any crops to protect. There is now substantial evidence linking neonicotinoid pesticides to poor performance and survival in bees and
If you think about the value of agronomic row crops in this state that's why we're very very concerned about how devastating this could be to us he said.
It's hard to imagine another weed species that would be more injurious to crop production than
and other purposes to forest and convert forest land to land for cultivation of energy crops?
But such simple steps as leaving slash--the plant waste left over after crop production--on fields after harvests so it could be incorporated into the soil could reintroduce between 0. 4 and 1. 1 gigatons of carbon annually to soil the study says.
This is particularly the case in mixed farming systems that combine crops and livestock where livestock serves many functions in terms of animal traction and renewal of soil fertility.
Moreover livestock grazing systems are used also to produce meat and milk in areas unsuitable for crop production.
and upgrade their diets by adding more meat and processed foods to staples such as crops and starches.
Productivity is a measure of crop yields relative to the inputs used in producing them such as land labor and fertilizers.
The researchers also cautioned that the impacts of a changing climate on crop yields remain uncertain.
and an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could benefit some crops by improving water efficiency.
That its an important evolutionary forcea plant breeder discovers his experimental crops have been contaminated with genes from a neighboring field.
or unintentional gene flow from domesticated crops to wild relatives? Norman Ellstrand a plant geneticist at the University of California Riverside is interested in many aspects regarding gene flow especially in applied plant biology
and potential impacts of unintended gene flow from genetically engineered crops. As part of the American Journal of Botany's Centennial Review series Ellstrand reviews the history of gene flow focusing on plants
At the time the main concern for plant breeders was pollen movement between different strains of crops
and develop food crops that are of high yield and nutrition and can grow successfully in environments stressed by drought pests diseases or poor soil quality.
and fertility conditions of crops as well as the process of cereal domestication developed by humans from the Neolithic (12000 years ago) to early Roman times (around 2000 years ago).
Studied kernels belong to present crops of wheat and barley species that are similar to the archaeological remains found in the region.
On one hand Carbon isotope composition enables to evaluate water availability for crops. It reached its maximum level 9000 years ago
This information together with cereal kernel weight allows assessing the productivity of ancient crops highlights Josep Lluã s Araus.
although they were dryland crops it can be affirmed that nitrogen was much more available than today:
The study relates conditions like water availability or soil fertility to crops yield states Josep Lluã s Araus.
#Understanding disease resistance genes in crops to secure future food productiona new understanding as to how plants defend themselves against some pathogens that cause crop diseases is proposed by researchers from the University of Hertfordshire to help scientists
breed new more successful disease-resistant agricultural crops. The new concept is called effector-triggered defense or ETD.
Breeding agricultural crops for resistance against disease pathogens is essential in the quest to secure global food production.
Farmers spray their crops with fungicides to control these plant diseases but their effectiveness is limited as disease pathogens mutate to become insensitive to the fungicides.
This provides new opportunities to improve the effectiveness of breeding crops for resistance against disease.
As traditional methods of controlling crop disease become less effective the need to breed new strains of crops with an inbuilt resistance to the disease pathogens increases.
In the same way that humans have developed immune responses against human disease pathogens crops can be bred for resistance against disease pathogens
which will help us to be more successful in breeding new strains of crops for resistance.
#Climate change and the future of sweet cherry in Australiapredicted variations in global climates have fruit producers trying to determine which crops are suited best to weathering future temperature changes.
According to the authors of a study published in the March 2014 issue of Hortscience the future of sweet cherry crops may be at risk in Australia.
If climate change models are correct the scientists say that these high-value crops could suffer.
damage forests crops and lakes; and harm fish and wildlife. This according to a first-of-its-kind study released today by scientists at Syracuse University
They also contribute to acid rain ozone damage to trees and crops and the accumulation of toxic mercury in fish added Driscoll.
Straw from crops such as wheat barley oats and oilseed rape is seen as a potential source of biomass for second generation biofuel production.
New Stanford research reveals that farmers in Europe will see crop yields affected as global temperatures rise
but that adaptation can help slow the decline for some crops. For corn the anticipated loss is roughly 10 percent the research shows.
Farmers of these crops have seen already yield growth slow down since 1980 as temperatures have risen though other policy
The results clearly showed that modest amounts of climate change can have a big impact on yields of several crops in Europe said Stanford doctoral student Frances Moore who conducted the research with David Lobell an associate professor
As Moore pointed out three key areas of uncertainty make it difficult to predict the future of crop yields in Europe.
and how crop yields will respond to climate change (response uncertainty). In future research Moore and Lobell hope to focus on measuring how quickly farmers are adapting to changing temperatures.
This paper has shown that crops in Europe are sensitive to warming and that adaptation can be important in reducing that impact Moore said.
This could be very harmful to crops if hosts escape the control of their natural enemies he said.
Crops such as almonds pistachios cherries apricots and peaches go through a necessary winter dormant period brought on
since many of these California crops account for 95 percent of U s. production the authors noted.
But ambient air temperature alone may not adequately reflect the heat experienced by the crops said Baldocchi.
While drought and high temperatures are expected to shrink crop yields in 2015 Ohio farmers will likely suffer less than those in the rest of the Corn belt.
While drought and high temperatures are expected to shrink crop yields in 2015 Ohio farmers will likely suffer less than those in the rest of the Corn belt.
The results could have major impacts for managing pest resistance to Bt crops. Bt crops have had major benefits for society said Jeffrey Fabrick the lead author of the study and a research entomologist at the USDA Agricultural research service in Maricopa Arizona.
By understanding how insects adapt to Bt crops we can devise better strategies to delay the evolution of resistance
and extend these benefits. Many mechanisms of resistance to Bt proteins have been proposed and studied in the lab
Planting refuges near Bt crops allows susceptible insects to survive and reproduce and thus reduces the chances that two resistant insects will mate with each other
Crops genetically engineered to produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis --or Bt--were introduced in 1996 and planted on more than 180 million acres worldwide during 2013.
Pest control with Bt proteins--either in sprays or genetically engineered crops--reduces reliance on chemical insecticides.
Study of these microbes may have unrealized potential for agriculture biomass digestion for bioenergy crops or other discovery research applications.
#Growing camelina, safflower in the Pacific Northwesta recent study published in Agronomy Journal provides information important to farmers growing oilseed crops.
Oilseed crops produce relatively little residueâ#rganic material such as roots that hold the soil together.
or safflower crops into a rotation with winter wheat and summer fallow increased the amount of dust at the end of tillage-based fallow
Such a mismatch in timing could severely impact both bees and plants and the productivity of many agricultural crops.
when weeds interact with the crops they infest according to plant scientist Sharon Clay. Using sophisticated genetic-mapping techniques the South dakota State university professor
and cropping systems weed physiology and interactions among herbicides soil and crops. The weed scientist was the first woman to serve as president of the American Society of Agronomy.
Currently every second ton of nitrogen put on the fields is not taken up by the crops
caveslowering temperatures for two hours each day reduces the height of corn without affecting its seed yield a Purdue study shows a technique that could be used to grow crops in controlled-environment facilities in caves and former mines.
Raising the crops in isolated and enclosed environments would help prevent genetically modified pollen and seed from escaping into the ecosystem and crossing with wild plants.
Cary Mitchell professor of horticulture said the technique could be particularly useful for growing transgenic crops to produce high-value medicinal products such as antibodies for the budding plant-derived industrial and pharmaceutical compounds industry.
what we've done is show that you can successfully grow these high-value crops in contained environments.
and Brian Kiel a Ph d. candidate in geology at the university's Jackson School of Geosciences provides valuable information to those who manage water quality efforts including the tracking of nitrogen fertilizers used to grow crops in the Midwest in the Mississippi river
since bees are prime pollinators of roughly one-third of all crops worldwide. Experts have considered a number of possible causes including pathogen infestation beekeeping practices and pesticide exposure.
Farmers in the Mid-atlantic region have faced millions of dollars in damage to their crops since the brown marmorated stink bug invaded the Mid-atlantic region in the late 2000s.
These bugs have been documented to feed on many of our important agricultural crops including apples peaches grapes soybean peppers tomatoes corn and cotton.
Treatment of the insects in crops is costly because the insecticides required to control it are broad spectrum toxicants that are highly disruptive to integrated pest management programs.
and iron content of the edible portions of crops grown under FACE conditions than available from previous studies the team wrote.
When we take all of the FACE experiments we've got around the world we see that an awful lot of our key crops have lower concentrations of zinc
because these crops use a type of photosynthesis called C4 which already concentrates carbon dioxide in their leaves Leakey said.
More research is needed to determine how crops grown in developing regions of the world will respond to higher atmospheric CO2 Leakey said.
Longer growing seasons and rising carbon dioxide levels increase yields of some crops although these benefits have already been offset in some instances by occurrence of extreme events such as heat waves droughts and floods.
From mid-century on climate change is projected to have more negative impacts on crops and livestock across the country--a trend that could diminish the security of our food supplyâ#Climate change effects on agriculture will have consequences for food security both in the U s. and globally through changes in crop yields and food prices and effects on food processing
storage transportation and retailing. Adaptation measures can help delay and reduce some of these impacts.
or flooding declining crop yields or ecosystem damages create hotspots of risk in specific parts of Africa.
Adaptation measures could include improved access to international agricultural markets to for instance sell cattle before droughts insurance systems to balance increased variability in crop yields from one year to another or water
#Food security increased by new scientific model in agricultural productionfarmers are used to optimizing crop production on their own lands.
and they sometimes plant row crops on some fields while keeping others in pasture. But is it possible to optimize production across a much bigger area--say the whole East Coast of the United states?
and precipitation scenarios will affect crop yields. It can also examine the effects of land use changes such as farmland loss--or conversely--of bringing abandoned farmland in places like Maine back into production.
and other crops that have lately been responsible for outbreaks of food-borne Salmonella and E coli.
and fiber leading to today's crops and products. Examining crop genetics might also help breeders
and grow more crops for an expanding human population. This work is largely historical but there are increasing demands for food production
Domestication has yielded modern crops whose seeds resist shattering such as corn whose kernels stay on the cob instead of falling off.
Early agriculturalists also shortened flowering time for crops necessary in shorter growing seasons as in Canada.
The structures'passive heating and cooling capabilities can offer growers a cost-effective way to extend the growing season for high-value crops such as fruits vegetables and cut flowers.
Overall the single layer and double layer models provided adequate protection for growing crops were less expensive to build provided more interior growing space
extremes at either end of this variable signify drought or too much water for crops. Akin to the sweet spot on a baseball bat the best VPD condition is a value in its middle range.
#Protecting crops from pests, diseasea team of international researchers has uncovered a mechanism by which plants are able to better defend themselves against disease-causing pathogens.
Since plant immunisation by BABA is primed long-lasting crops would require fewer applications of fungicides thereby increasing sustainability of crop protection.
Although their research has been performed in a weed called'Arabidopsis thaliana'the work horse of plant geneticists the team is confident that their discovery can be used for the protection of crops from their enemies.
These include mining logging and the production of other agricultural crops. The researchers point out that roughly 200 million acres of cattle pastureland could be used more efficiently either for higher yield cattle ranching
or to grow other crops. Our study doesn't just ask whether policies affecting beef production will impact deforestation.
As consumer interest in the health benefits of colorful foods increases small growers are capitalizing on novelty fruit and vegetable crops such as different-colored raspberries.
Although pelargonic acid is not listed as a'certified organic'herbicide it is seen as a more natural type herbicide for use in sustainable crop production explained Webber.
Over last summer Phytophthora infestans samples were collected in potato crops affected by the blight in five producing areas across à lava-Araba:
For example one recent study showed that the use of organic fertilizers offered no significant marketing advantage to producers of floral crops.
Trialeurodes vaporariorum--or whitefly--is a major worldwide pest of greenhouse crops and is controlled traditionally using chemical pesticides or biological methods such as parasites.
Food shortages expectedthe estimated future crop yields will not be feed enough to the world in 2015. The climate has changed already and affected crop yields.
The effects observed have been local and for the most part negative. The most notable effects have had to do with extreme weather events such as heavy rains heat waves and draught.
Crop yields and food production per capita have improved generally over the last 40 years due to the development of farming culture and technology
and can provide access to sustainably produced fruit and vegetable crops without the associated food miles.
or composted cow manure on some vegetable crops which could lead to a scenario where residual manure bacteria might cling to produce
It also allows users to obtain crops equivalent to an area of â#0 hectares in just 500 square meters says the researcher.
In fact this may be the only crop-origins research to have predicted ever the probable first cultivators of one of the world's most important food crops Nabhan said.
Recent evidence that cereal crops such as wheat or barley evolved domestication traits much more slowly than had been thought has led to renewed interest in the idea that selection during domestication may have been partly accidental.
and reduced soil carbon the study suggests planting cover crops to fix more carbon in the soil.
and crop yields they extrapolated potential carbon dioxide emissions across 580 million 30-meter by 30-meter geospatial cells in Corn belt states.
and soybean rotations without cover crops small grains and forages may not be increasing soil organic carbon stocks at the published rates. â#oesome studies have shown that both moldboard
and lack of cover crops can all result in reduced soil organic carbon stocks. Because it would take 20 to 50 more years to design
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