The discrepancy is due to the absence of mineral substances in the diets of the cows reared.
North carolina is a major livestock producer ranking second behind Iowa in hog production in the United states. S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses in humans from minor to life-threatening skin bloodstream
#Cattle flatulence doesnt stink with biotechnology: Farmers could improve air quality by using hormonesthe agriculture industry is researching new technologies to help feed the growing population.
According to a new article in Animal Frontiers biotechnologies increase food production and reduce harmful gas output from cattle.
In the experiment a test group of cattle were treated with biotechnologies. Different groups of cattle received implants Ionophores and Beta-adrenergic agonists.
These biotechnologies help cattle grow more efficiently. A control group of cattle were treated not with any of these biotechnologies.
Researchers measured gas output by placing finishing steers in a special corral that traps emissions.
Each treatment group was tested four times to ensure accurate results. The researchers also tested a dairy biotechnology called rbst.
This biotechnology is a synthetic version of a cattle hormone that does not affect humans.
Many producers inject cows with rbst to help them produce more milk. In their experiment the researchers gave rbst to a test group of cows
and gave no rbst to a control group of cows. They discovered that the rbst group produced more milk per cow.
When cows produce more milk greenhouse gas emissions decrease because farms need fewer cows. Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
Technologies that improve animal performance crop yields and manure management and the installation of biogas recovery systems have contributed all to reducing the environmental impact of beef.
Biogas recovery systems are used in processing facilities to produce energy from animal waste. Animal waste is collected in lagoons where the gas is captured.
The gas is transported through an internal combustion area that produces energy for heat and electricity. I expect there to be more improvement as we continue be more efficient continue to do more with less
The samples included elephant tusks and molars hippo tusks and canine teeth oryx horn hair from monkeys and elephant tails and some grasses collected in Kenya in 1962.
We have been seeing an increase in the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria that cause pneumonia (also called BRD) in cattle said Brian Lubbers assistant professor in the diagnostic lab based at Kansas State university.
but almost all of the antibiotics that we use to treat pneumonia in cattle. BRD is one of the most important diseases of feedlot cattle particularly said Lubbers adding that the economic toll from the disease has been estimated to approach $1 billion annually in the United states alone
if one takes into account drug and labor costs decreased production and animal death losses.
Most of the cattle were from Kansas and Nebraska. They found that over that period a high percentage of M. haemolytica bacteria recovered from cattle lungs were resistant to several of the drugs typically used to treat that pathogen.
The researchers also found however that no specimens were resistant to all six antimicrobial drugs.
what is the impact on cattle production are unanswered still. We are actively seeking industry partners to investigate these questions.
#Cattle grazing and clean water are compatible on public lands, study findscattle grazing and clean water can coexist on national forest lands according to research by the University of California Davis. The study published in the journal PLOS ONE is the most comprehensive examination of water quality
and water quality especially with cattle grazing said lead author Leslie Roche a postdoctoral scholar in the UC Davis Department of Plant sciences.
They included key cattle grazing areas recreational lands and places where neither cattle nor humans tend to wander.
Virginia Tech and World Wildlife Fund researchers have found that tigers in central Sumatra live at very low densities lower than previously believed according to a study in the April 2013 issue of Oryx--The International Journal of Conservation.
#Climate change to shrink bison, profitas temperatures go up bison get smaller. Joseph Craine research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State university examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing animals such as bison and cattle in the Great plains.
The study Long-term climate sensitivity of grazer performance: a cross-site study was published recently in the peer-reviewed scientific journal PLOS ONE.
Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North america Craine said.
There are about half a million bison in the world. Craine analyzed a data set of 290000 weights ages
and sexes collected from 22 bison herds throughout the U s. The information came from herds owned by the university's Konza Prairie Biological Station;
Based on differences in sizes of bison across herds Craine found that during the next 50 years future generations of bison will be smaller in size
Craine said the results of climate change in coming decades can already be seen by comparing bison in cooler wetter regions with those in warmer drier regions.
For example the average 7-year-old male bison in South dakota weighed 1900 pounds while an average 7-year-old male bison in Oklahoma--a warmer region--weighed 1300 pounds.
The cause: grasses in the southern Great plains have less protein than grasses in the northern Great plains because of the warmer climate.
But it is a clear indicator that long-term warming will affect bison and is something that will happen across the U s. over the next 50-75 years.
While the economic cost of smaller bison might not be so great Craine said that warming might also shrink the revenue of cattle producers.
Although compiling and analyzing data about cattle weights has yet to be done findings for bison may translate to the more than 90 million cattle in the U s. Craine said.
Cattle and bison share similar physiologies and weight gain for both is limited typically by protein intake.
If the same reduction in weight gain applies to cattle as bison every temperature increase of one
-and-a-half degrees Fahrenheit could cause roughly $1 billion in lost income for cattle producers Craine said.
The work is published online in Springer's journal Naturwissenschaften--The Science of Nature. The first time bees go out looking for nectar
The above story is provided based on materials by Springer Science+Business Media. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
or large grazing animals like zebras wildebeest and buffalo it also would appear they ate C4 grasses.
If they ate small antelope and rhinos that browsed on C3 leaves it would appear they ate C3 trees-shrubs.
Rivers of wildebeests zebra and Thompson's gazelles--more than 2 million all told--cross the landscape in one of the largest animal migrations on the planet.
While the park is located ideally for wandering wildebeests its location is less than ideal for the region's residents.
which bisects the wildebeest migration route near the Kenyan border will bring an end to the annual migrations
#Genome sequence of Tibetan antelope sheds new light on high-altitude adaptationhow can the Tibetan antelope live at elevations of 4000-5000m on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau?
and the biology of other ruminant species. The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a native of the high mountain steppes and semidesert areas of the Tibetan plateau.
Tibetan antelope is sized a medium antelope with the unique adaptations to against the harsh high-altitude climate.
In this study researchers suggest that Tibetan antelopes must have evolved exceptional mechanisms to adapt to this extremely inhospitable habitat.
Using next-gen sequencing technology they have decoded the genome of Tibetan antelope and studied the underlying genetic mechanism of high-altitude adaptations.
Through the comparison between Tibetan antelope and other plain-dwelling mammals researchers found the Tibetan antelope had the signals of adaptive evolution
and oxygen transmission indicating that gene categories involved in energy metabolism appear to have an important role for Tibetan antelope via efficiently providing energy in conditions of low partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).
Further research revealed that both the Tibetan antelope and the highland American pika have signals of positive selection for genes involved in DNA repair and the production of ATPASE.
Considering the exposure to high levels of ultraviolet radiation positive selective genes related to DNA repair may be vital to protect the Tibetan antelope from it.
Qingle Cai Project manager from BGI said The completed genome sequence of the Tibetan antelope provides a more complete blueprint for researchers to study the genetic mechanisms of highland adaptation.
and published their results in Springer's open access journal Chinese Science Bulletin (Springeropen). Following analysis of H7n9 influenza viruses collected from live poultry markets it was found that these viruses circulating among birds were responsible for human infections.
The above story is provided based on materials by Springer. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and the findings raise serious concern about proposals to use cattle grazing to help control its spread in areas where native bunchgrasses still persist.
Many of the plant and animal species that were there can disappear mostly replaced by cheatgrass that offers poor forage for cattle.
Using data from 75 study sites researchers found that high levels of cattle grazing were associated with reduced bunchgrass cover with wider
Cattle trampling also appeared to disturb biological soil crust that offers a second defensive barrier against cheatgrass and further speeds the invasion.
Continued research is needed to quantify the threshold levels of cattle grazing that would still maintain a healthy native ecosystem.
and butchered numerous small antelope carcasses. These animals are represented well at the site by most
In addition modern studies in the Serengeti--an environment similar to KJS two million years ago--have shown also that predators completely devour antelopes of this size within minutes of their deaths.
The site also contains a large number of isolated heads of wildebeest-sized antelopes. In contrast to small antelope carcasses the heads of these somewhat larger individuals are able to be consumed several days after death
and could be scavenged as even the largest African predators like lions and hyenas were unable to break them open to access their nutrient-rich brains.
challenge as pressure mounts to convert forestlands to croplands and cattle pasturelands in the Amazon.
and Heritage Partners and Anna Wilson from the University of Melbourne in Australia in a paper published in the Springer journal Human ecology.
The above story is provided based on materials by Springer Science+Business Media. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
For thousands of years pastoralists in East African savannas have penned their cattle overnight in brush-walled corrals called bomas.
The surprising result may be due to cattle overuse of the area between an established boma and nearby glade.
The researchers know that pieces of bones from cattle pigs and sheep can be found at the site.'
New study finds animals do recover from neglectanimal sanctuaries can play an important role in rehabilitating goats
In this first scientific study of rescued animals the researchers examined moods in 18 goats nine
and the goats'mental health by comparing the behaviour of the mistreated goats with that of the goats that had been treated generally well.
whether some goats were faster to explore specific areas that resulted in the reward of food
They assessed how the goats judged previously unknown locations described as ambiguous because they were situated between spaces known to contain food and areas without food.
It was thought that the goats from the poor welfare group would be more'pessimistic 'and slower than the well-treated goats to explore ambiguous locations for food where the promise of reward was guaranteed not.
However a surprising result of the study was that female goats that had been mistreated in the past were more optimistic than the other well-treated female goats.
Dr Briefer adds: In this case we found that female goats that had been neglected previously were the most optimistic of all the tested animals.
They were more optimistic than well-treated females but also the poorly treated males. This suggests that females may be better at recovering from neglect
The study shows that animal rescue centres such as Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats where we collected our data can provide a vital role in reversing long-term neglect once the animals receive excellent care.
He collected nearly 5000 blood samples for brucellosis and tested almost 400 cattle for BTB.
Around one in hundred cows were found to be infected with BTB. Analysis of samples taken at the abattoir of Niamey showed that cows were affected significantly more by BTB than other categories of cattle.
The research also characterised a new profile of Mycobacterium bovis bacterium (SB1982) which has never been reported before.
and killed after attacking goats. A female 18f who may have been 16m's mate was killed in 2011 crossing the winding highway.
Wilmers advised owners of goats or other livestock to consider keeping them in a fully-enclosed mountain lion-proof structure.
and stillbirths in sheep goats and cattle was discovered first in Germany in late 2011 and has already spread to more than 5000 farms across Europe and 1500 farms in the UK alone.
but is responsible for stillbirths and birth defects in cattle sheep and goats. The Department for Environment Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) believes the disease was brought probably into the UK from infected midges blown across the Channel.
By controlling cattle farming and policing to prevent poaching in the Bernardo O'Higgins National park--a vast natural Eden covering 3. 5 million hectares--conservation efforts have allowed the deer to return to areas of natural habitat from
The study by researchers from Cambridge the Wildlife Conservation Society and CONAF the Chilean national forestry commission is released today in the journal Oryx published by conservation charity Fauna and Flora International.
Recent increases by local farmers in the practice of releasing cattle indiscriminately into national parkland for retrieval later in the year has damaged the habitats of endemic wildlife such as the Huemul
Our results suggest that synergistic conservation actions such as cattle removal and poaching control brought about by increased infrastructure can lead to the recovery of species such as the threated Huemul.
Yak-a-mein soup, a k a.,#,#Old Sober One of the Crescent City's time-honored traditions--a steaming bowl of Yak-a-mein Soup a k a.
Old Sober--after a night of partying in The french Quarter actually does have a basis in scientific fact.
Alyson E. Mitchell Ph d. said foods like Yak-a-mein--also spelled Yakmein Yaka-mein
and Yak-a-Men--have salts protein and other ingredients that help people recover from the effects of imprudent consumption of alcohol.
Although recipes vary Yak-a-mein typically is made with a salty beef-and-soy-sauce-based broth;
Folklore has it that American soldiers from New orleans stationed in Korea in the 1950s learned to appreciate Yak-a-mein on the morning after
Cows horses and termites can digest the cellulose in grass hay and wood. Most cellulose consists of wood fibers and cell wall remains.
i e. cultivation of soybeans and grazing of cattle the study allocates the emissions to countries based on domestic consumption and international trade of Brazilian soybeans and beef.
and 71%were due to cattle ranching. Brazilian consumption is responsible for the largest share of emissions from its own deforestation:
#Decoding the genetic history of the Texas longhornlonghorn cattle have a hybrid global ancestry according to a study by University of Texas at Austin researchers published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The study of the genome of the Longhorn and related breeds tells a fascinating global history of human and cattle migration.
It traces back through Christopher Columbus'second voyage to the New world the Moorish invasion of Spain and the ancient domestication of the aurochs in the middle East and India.
For a long time people thought these New world cattle were domesticated from a pure European lineage. But it turns out they have a more complex more hybrid more global ancestry
To reconstruct the genetic history of Texas longhorns Mctavish Hillis and colleagues from the University of Missouri-Columbia analyzed almost 50000 genetic markers from 58 cattle breeds.
The most comprehensive such analysis to date it was funded in part by the Cattlemen's Texas longhorn Conservancy
which helped the scientists get access to samples used by ranchers. Among the findings was that the Texas longhorn breed are direct descendants of the first cattle in the New world.
The ancestral cattle were brought over by Columbus in 1493 to the island of Hispaniola. They traveled the rest of the way to the continent in 1521 on the ships of later Spanish colonists.
Over the next two centuries the Spanish moved the cattle north arriving in the area that would become Texas near the end of the 17th century.
The cattle escaped or were turned loose on the open range where they remained mostly wild for the next two centuriesit was known on some level that Longhorns are descendants from cattle brought over by early Spanish settlers said Hillis the Alfred W. Roark Centennial Professor
in the College of Natural sciences but they look so different from the cattle you see in Spain and Portugal today.
So there was speculation that there had been interbreeding with later imports from Europe. But their genetic signature is co mpletely consistent with being direct descendants of the cattle Columbus brought over.
The study reveals that being a pure descendant of cattle from the Iberian peninsula indicates a more complicated ancestry than was understood.
Approximately 85 percent of the Longhorn genome is descended taurine from the ancient domestication of the wild aurochs that occurred in the middle East 8000-10000 years ago.
As a result Longhorns look similar to purer taurine breeds such as Holstein Hereford and Angus
which came to Europe from the Middle east. The other 15 percent of the genome is indicine from the other ancient domestication of the aurochs in India.
These indicine cattle which often have a characteristic hump at the back of the neck spread into Africa
and from there up to the Iberian peninsulait's consistent with the Moorish invasions from the 8th to the 13th centuries said Hillis.
The Moors brought cattle with them and brought these African genes and of course the European cattle were there as well.
All those influences come together in the cattle of the Iberian peninsula which were used to stock the Canary islands
which is stopped where Columbus and picked up cattle on his second voyage and brought them to the New world.
Once in the New world most of the cattle eventually went feral. Under the pressures of natural selection they were able to re-evolve ancient survival traits that had been bred artificially out of their European ancestors.
Selection for longer horns allowed them to defend against wild predators. They became leaner and more able to survive heat and drought.
The Longhorns that were in the area when Anglo settlers arrived almost looked more like the ancestral aurochsen than like modern cattle breeds said Mctavish.
Living wild on the range they had to become very self sufficient. Having that genetic reservoir from those wild ancestors made it possible for a lot of those traits to be selected for once again.
Mctavish said it's possible the indicine heritage in particular helped because the climate in India and Africa tended to be hotter and drier than in Europe.
The Longhorns remained wild on the range or very loosely managed until after the Civil war
Since then the fortunes of the Longhorns have waxed and waned depending on how their unique genetic profile intersects with the changing needs of American consumers.
The Longhorns almost went extinct starting in the late 19th century said Hillis. A lot of the value of cattle at that time had to do with the fat they had
because the primary lighting source people had was made candles of tallow and Texas longhorns have very low fat content.
Ranchers began fencing off the range and importing breeds from Europe that had higher fat content.
That's when Americans began developing their taste for fatty beef so then the other cattle became valuable in that respect as well.
The only reason the Longhorns didn't go extinct was because half a dozen or so ranchers kept herds going
They appreciated that the Longhorns were hardier more self-sufficient. Hillis who raises Longhorns of his own out at the Double Helix Ranch said that the winds of history now seem to be blowing in the Longhorns'direction.
They can survive in hotter drier climates which will become increasingly important as the world warms.
And their genes may prove valuable to ranchers who can use the increasingly sophisticated genetic information to selectively breed the Longhorns'toughness into other breeds of cattle.
The survey revealed that more than 80%of people in these areas use wetland resources including collecting water catching fish hunting bush meat (Sitatunga a type of antelope
and cattle-grazing help to maintain the grasslands and prevent scrubland from invading. Intensive commercial rice production by private companies involving the construction of huge channels
because most of its milk comes from pregnant cows. Estrogenic hormones reside primarily in fat
Further many stranded calves were found with no mother in evidence. Long-finned pilot whales are the most common species to strand en masse
and calves would be found in close proximity to each other when they end up on the beach during a stranding event explained Marc Oremus of the University of Auckland and first author of the study.
and kinship even when considering only the location of nursing calves and their mothers who were separated often widely
Most surprising was the evidence of missing mothers--that is many of the stranded calves and juveniles had no identifiable mother among the other beached whales.
Often stranded calves are refloated with the nearest mature females under the assumption that this is the mother explained Scott Baker co-author and Associate Director of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State university.
and calf together will prevent re-stranding. Unfortunately the nearest female might not be the mother of the calf.
Our results caution against making rescue decisions based only on this assumption. The researchers acknowledge an important remaining question:
Corn ethanol's byproduct--called distiller's dried grains--can be used as cattle feed but cellulosic ethanol's byproduct--called high-lignin residue--is perceived often as less valuable.
#Goats milk with antimicrobial lysozyme speeds recovery from diarrheamilk from goats that were modified genetically to produce higher levels of a human antimicrobial protein has proved effective in treating diarrhea in young pigs demonstrating the potential for food products from transgenic animals to one
In this study Murray and colleagues fed young pigs milk from goats that were modified genetically to produce in their milk higher levels of lysozyme a protein that naturally occurs in the tears saliva and milk of all mammals.
Although lysozyme is produced at very high levels in human breast milk the milk of goats
and cows contains very little lysozyme prompting the effort to boost lysozyme levels in the milk of those animals using genetic modification.
Half of the pigs in the study were fed pasteurized milk that came from the transgenic goats
The other half of the pigs were fed pasteurized milk that came from nontransgenic goats and thus contained very little lysozyme.
The lysozyme-enhanced milk used in this study came from a transgenic line of dairy goats developed in 1999 by Murray co-author Elizabeth Maga
#Heat-stressed cows spend more time standinga new study by researchers at the University of Arizona
and Northwest Missouri State university shows that standing and lying behavior can predict heat stress in cows.
In a presentation at the 2013 ADSA Midwest Branch/ASAS Midwestern Section Meeting Dr. Jamison Allen explained that predicting heat stress is vital for keeping cows healthy and productive.
Cows will pant eat less and produce less milk when their core body temperature increases. Allen said cows prefer standing to lying on hot days.
Cows stand to allow more of their surface area to disperse heat into the air. Allen and his colleagues were curious to see
if standing behavior could be used to predict core body temperature. The researchers used two tools to study the relationship between behavior and temperature.
and track whether the cow was standing or lying. After comparing data from cows in Arizona California
and Minnesota the researchers concluded that standing behavior and core body temperature are correlated strongly. Allen said cows stood for longer bouts of time as their core body temperatures rose from 101 degrees Fahrenheit to above 102 degrees.
We can predict the animal's behavior to stand according to their core temperature Allen said.
By encouraging cows to lie down producers will also help their cows conserve energy. Allen recommended future studies to see how cows respond to different cooling systems.
He said researchers could also study cow behavior related to humidity. Allen's abstract was titled Effect of core body temperature or time of day on lying behavior of lactating dairy cows.
The research was presented Mar 12 as part of the Animal Behavior Housing and Well being Oral Session. Story Source:
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