The âÂ#Âoechickenã¢Â# strips have the distinct fibrous structure of poultry and they deliver a similar nutritional profile.
and poultry industries and much of that goes to growing animal feed. An efficient use of resources this is not.
Virgin births sometimes occur among hammerhead sharks turkeys boa constrictors and komodo dragons. But nearly all animals engage in sex at some point in their lives.
Several days into the expedition they head there for dinner and order a round of local Red Rooster beers.
#Why Some Male Turkeys Are damned So Sexyfor male wild turkeys reproduction is an all-family effort.
The dominant males are more ornate with more of the masculine traits that make the lady turkeys swoon:
brightly colored heads and longer snoods (the reddish flesh that hangs over a turkey's beak.
But if the subordinate turkey brothers are genetically pretty similar what makes one more attractive than the other?
Male turkey brothers duke it out for dominance during the winter before they reach sexual maturity.
Apparently female turkeys like a manly man. Though researchers still don't know exactly how some turkeys become dominant
and some submissive they think it could be tied to male hormones affecting gene expression according to the study's press release.
whether the same pattern of gene expression holds true for female turkeys. The study appears in the August 15 issue of PLOS Genetics.
To study how male birds lose their penises the UF researchers examined the embryonic development of birds with penises (ducks and emus) and birds without penises (chicks) among other creatures.
In her new book The Magnificent Chicken Brooklyn-based photographer Tamara Staples makes a strong case for the purebred Gallus gallus domesticus from the ultra-dignified Black Langshan Cockerel to the eccentric
If you have never been to a poultry show you've probably never even imagined chickens as diverse and stunning as the ones in Staples'portraits.
or so poultry processing plants in the U s. Workers man massive assembly lines to scald pluck gut slice
Unsurprisingly work in poultry plants is dirty and dangerous. The job of chicken deboner (who cuts through the shoulder joint to separate the wing from the body) is particularly brutal
But teaching a machine to carve poultry is difficult. No two chickens are the same and each cut must be perfect.
just as they would in a conventional poultry factory. 2) Assess Each chicken passes through a kind of photo booth.
The question that concerns me more is did where the first chicken find its rooster? Chickens as a species became chickens through a long slow process of evolution.
All the meat and poultry commodities combined--beef game pork and poultry--were responsible for 22 percent of illness
but poultry is still more likely to kill you. stomach flu--deposited by food handlersdoes this mean the migrants are taking dumps in the field LOLHOW much of this effect is down to the fact that we are all hyper aware of handling raw meats
and dairy while the deaths group I believe is dominated by meat (poultry I'd assume).@
Turkey which produces 70 percent of the world s hazelnut crop was hit hard by an unseasonable frost and hailstorms wiped out a huge portion of their supply;
but in July their parent company Ferrero announced that they d purchased one of Turkey s largest hazelnut producers effectively buying out the middleman.
She thinks wild turkeys may be to blame; they were reintroduced to Long island a couple of years ago for hunting enthusiasts
#Breeding Bald Poultry To Withstand Global Warmingrising global temperatures pose a major risk to world food supplies.
because the adaptation allows the south-of-the-equator poultry to throw off additional body heat
and South american poultry they hope American producers will crossbreed them to North american birds. It could take around 10 generations of chickens carefully bred to arrive at new heat-resistant breeds that can successfully reproduce on their own.
Poultry production is booming worldwide as Rothman reports with global food experts projecting that it will top 100 million tons in 2015 and 143 million tons by 2030 An interruption in this supply could cause a humanitarian disaster.
Its name derives from the layers of fat on oilbird chicks which have historically been rendered for use as torches.
and fed to the likes of livestock poultry and salmon among other uses--has led bacteria to evolve Hollis writes.
so you can reduce the amount of grain you feed the cattle says Hollis. It's about giving antibiotics to baby chicks
Unlike nonruminant animals such as pigs and poultry ruminants produce copious amounts of methane in their digestive systems.
Hens pheasants partridges and turkeys are game-birds (Galliformes. Both orders are famous not just for their flesh but also for their striking and elaborate plumages
but the exquisite patterns of bird plumage such as the spots of the guinea fowl and the barred patterns of ducks and turkeys to just name a few have received much less attention.
It's a bit like bankers carving turkeys for the homeless on Christmas day. Despite this Professor Campbell argues that the motivations behind hiring a hermit reflect a lost appreciation of emotional depth or the'pleasing melancholy'.
what cows sheep pigs poultry and other farm animals are eating in different parts of the world;
and poultry are being produced far more efficiently than milk and beef and greenhouse gas emissions vary widely depending on the animal involved and the quality of its diet.
Meat v. dairy grazing animals v. poultry and porkthe study shows that ruminant animals (cows sheep
and poultry (monogastrics) are more efficient at converting feed into protein than are cattle sheep
and poultry produced only 3. 7 kilos of carbon per kilo of protein--compared with anywhere from 58 to 1000 kilos of carbon per kilo of protein from ruminant meat.
and poultry sectors are driven largely by industrial systems which provide high-quality balanced concentrate diets for animals of high genetic potential.
similar to roosters cresta rare mummified specimen of the duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosauraus regalis described in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on December 12 shows for the first time that those dinosaurs'heads were adorned with a fleshy comb most
similar to the roosters'red crest. The most common dinosaurs in North america between 75 and 65 million years ago duck-billed dinosaurs were gentle giants about 12 meters long
An elephant's trunk or a rooster's crest might never fossilize because there's no bone in them Bell explains.
or Triceratops. Of course it's hard to tell what that cocks comb might have done for the duck-billed dinosaurs.
In roosters and some other birds bright red crests are a way to get the girls.
Camelina seeds and expellers have been evaluated for use in poultry and dairy cattle diets but to our knowledge the nutritional values of these ingredients have not been studied in pigs he said.
or undercooked meat poultry or eggs but sometimes results from eating contaminated produce. Symptoms can include abdominal pain fever nausea and vomiting.
Kantha Shelke Phd CFS a well-known food scientist and spokesperson for the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) deconstructs the turkey-day menu by giving us the low-down on why all the flavors
#¢Roasted turkey and fried turkey have compounds in common with apples chocolate pumpkin pecans molasses honey parsley leaves ham tomatoes and roasted vegetables.
What is the science behind the pop-up thermometer in the turkey how does it work?
#¢Turkey is done when it reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit.#¢#¢If you don't have a pop-up timer you can use a meat thermometer to figure out the temperature of the meat.
The pop-up timer which often comes with a turkey that you buy at the grocery store tells you
and check the thicker parts of the turkey meat to ensure that it is done indeed.
What is the difference between organic wild free-range and conventional turkeys?#¢#¢An organic turkey simply means that the bird has met the standards for USDA Organic certification including an organic diet
and surroundings including bedding and grazing areas.#¢#¢Wild turkeys are birds that were domesticated not or fed by humans--they're essentially hunted for the meal.
In contrast free range turkeys are birds that are confined not to a cage but were allowed to roam and forage.
Because their diets were augmented with grubs worms and grass the flavor of their meat is distinctly flavorful
#¢Conventional turkeys are the classic turkeys in grocery stores that are available year round called broad breasted white selectively bred to put on maximal breast meat in minimum growing time.
#¢Although the after-dinner stupor associated with Thanksgiving is attributed often to the turkey and its amino acid l-tryptophan
which has documented a sleep effect even those who omit the turkey will also complain about feeling sleepy after the feast.#¢
#Poultry probiotics coat clues to ability to battle bugsifr researchers have characterized the coat of a potential poultry probiotic giving the first clues of how it may be used to exclude pathogenic bacteria from chickens.
Lactobacillus johnsonii has previously been shown to exclude Clostridium perfringens from the guts of poultry opening the door to it being developed as a way of reducing necrotic enteritis in poultry and food poisoning in humans.
This strain of Lactobacillus johnsonii is now being taken through farm-scale trials to assess its potential use to combat pathogenic infections of poultry by bacteria such as C. perfringens.
and describe a new species of scorpion Euscorpius lycius coming from the area of ancient Lycia nowadays the regions of the Muä la and Antalya Provinces in Southwestern Turkey.
and Muä la Province in the southwest of Turkey. explains Dr. Yaä mur the lead author of the study.
Further studies are in progress to understand the quantity and distribution of the different species and populations of the genus Euscorpius in Turkey and their relationship with the Greek populations.
Yong Guan an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and his students have devised a system that offers anonymity for honest users and accountability for dishonest users.
The lack of accountability on these anonymous services is easy to exploit Guan says. Criminals use anonymous systems to commit crimes against innocent people online and in the real world.
Guan's system named THEMIS is designed to minimize the computing power used to send messages and provide a way to track the source of the message should it be thought of as malicious.
With a level of accountability criminal activity online will decrease Guan says. By that measurement computing power expended to support criminal activity will also decrease.
Providing reliable anonymity is the first step Guan says. Without it users won't use the system.
or harmful messages Guan says Without some kind of accountability users tend to show an absence of restraint.
Forging keys is computationally difficult Guan says. If a node wishes to obtain a signing key
If no one reports the message as malicious Guan says law enforcement cannot get involved. There would be no way for them to know about it.
Guan envisions his system as a way for law enforcement to track down senders of threatening emails and those who leak important documents.
The next step Guan says is to test it on a large scale over the Internet. This way we can really see how well it performs.
whereas modern-day boars from nearby countries like Egypt Syria Turkey Armenia Iraq and Iran have a Near Eastern genetic signature.
Intake of fruit vegetables nuts seeds pasta poultry and vegetable oil was related to a lower mortality risk
It appears that the intake of some food groups is more beneficial (fruits legumes nuts seeds pasta poultry vegetable oil) or more detrimental (soft drinks butter margarine cake cookies) with respect to mortality risk
Parambath Sudeep a research scholar at Cochin University of Science and Technology India; Rice senior faculty fellow Robert Vajtai;
Especially in swine and poultry manure up to 50 per cent of the overall phosphorus is present in the organic form.
in which three out of the four siblings suffer from RP said Ziqiang Guan an associate research professor of biochemistry in the Duke university Medical school and a contributing author of the study.
Guan's collaborators had sequenced previously the genome of this family and found that the children with RP carry two copies of a mutation at the dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) gene which makes the enzyme that synthesizes organic compounds called dolichols.
and mass spectrometry Guan said. Using these techniques he analyzed urine and blood samples from the six family members
Guan believes dolichol profiling could effectively distinguish RP caused by DHDDS mutation from that caused by other mutations.
Guan and his collaborators hope to develop the dolichol profiling method as a first-line diagnostic test to identify RP patients with abnormal dolichol metabolism.
but Guan hopes his research will shed light on potential drug design strategies for treating RP caused by DHDDS mutation.
To further investigate how bats fit into this picture the researchers surveyed more than 250 bats in remote forest ecosystems in Liberia Guinea and Cote d'ivoire in Western Africa.
Yingchun Guan from the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTECH) and her co-workers have shown how different laser-processing methods improve metal surfaces
Guan and co-workers investigated how different degrees of overlap between the tracks affect the surface properties of AZ91D--a common magnesium alloy.
and telecommunications industries Guan explains. By examining cross-sections of AZ91D samples post-melt the researchers found that the greater the degree of overlap between the tracks the fewer the number of small cracks that developed during solidification (see image.
According to Guan this finding should be considered when processing metals destined for exposure to fluids such as those that will be used in bio-implants.
Theoretical calculations by Guan and her co-workers described these kinetics accurately. According to the team's model a greater level of overlap provided a greater amount of heat
The team's approach particularly the theoretical model is applicable to assess laser processing of other alloys and compounds Guan notes.
Those following a healthy diet are less at riska healthy diet characterized by vegetables fruits berries whole-grains poultry fish
In rare cases if introduced from wild birds to poultry some viruses of the H5
and Sustainability worked on the seasonings brewery poultry processing and sugar industries. Ecofys focused on petroleum refining and glass manufacturing.
and cereals) and fish with olive oil as the primary source of monounsaturated fat (MUSF) and low to moderate intake of wine as well as low intake of red meat poultry
Working in three Chinese provinces researchers led by Yi Guan Ph d. of the University of Hong kong collected samples from the throats and digestive tracts of chickens ducks geese pigeons and quail.
Fecal and water samples from live poultry markets and the natural environment were collected also. From these samples the researchers isolated several influenza viruses and genetically sequenced those of the H7n9 subtype as well as related H7n7 and H9n2 viruses.
The resulting H7n9 virus began causing outbreaks among chickens in live poultry markets from which many humans became infected.
whose imposter chicks stab the chicks of their host birds (often little bee-eaters) to death
and kill their own chick should it hatch first. Evolution should then favour honeyguide females that lay eggs resembling those of bee-eaters
and over a month wasted raising the wrong chick! The research was funded by The Royal Society and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at Percy Fitzpatrick Institute University of Cape town.
or'fancy'poultry breeders to identify at fine resolution the exact location of the mutation in the genome in blue egg laying chicken.
#The secret of male beauty (in turkeys) The essence of male beauty is down to the way males use their genes rather than
what genes they have according to a new study into the sexual attractiveness of turkeys. Geneticists have puzzled long over why individuals of the same sex show a greater or lesser degree of sexual attractiveness.
In a new study published today in the journal PLOS Genetics scientists turned to male wild turkeys to solve the problem.
They found that among turkeys that are brothers (and therefore share the majority of their genes)# dominant males show higher expression of genes predominantly found in males
#Male wild turkeys come in two kinds; dominant males have exaggerated sexually attractive traits while subordinate males are less ornate.
which some male turkeys become dominant or submissive but suspect that the concentration of male hormones or androgens may play a role in gene expression.
Focusing on the avian flu virus strain H5n1 research published today in the journal PLOS ONE identifies key stages in the poultry trade chain which lead to its transmission to other birds animals and humans.
The H5n1 avian flu strain has been responsible for the deaths of millions of poultry as well as 375 confirmed human deaths.
Areas of Southeast Asia have been hardest hit with more than 2500 reported outbreaks among domestic poultry in Vietnam alone.
However the way that the virus transmits from poultry to humans has been understood poorly. The UEA research team adopted a system widely used in the food production industry known as Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP)
They investigated Vietnam's poultry trade system and identified four key stages within the poultry trade chain
which pose high risks for the transmission of HPAI viruses in human and poultry populations:
-Contact within poultry flocks which act as viral'mixing pots'.'Examples include at markets which act as huge reservoirs for the virus at bird vaccination centres and at cock fighting contests.
-Transportation and sale of poultry and eggs. -Purchase and slaughter of poultry from markets. -Preparation of poultry for consumption--particularly in unhygienic conditions and when meat is undercooked raw
or. Preventative measures outlined in the report include isolating and quarantining flocks using protective equipment such as masks gloves
and sterile utensils when slaughtering and preparing carcases for consumption and using social media to promote good hygiene standards.
The research was led by Dr Diana Bell and Dr Kelly Edmunds from UEA's school of Biological sciences.
We identified poultry transportation slaughter preparation and consumption as critical control points in response to HPAI H5n1 outbreaks in Vietnam.
These brightly coloured mothers also experienced relatively lower levels of stress hormones during arduous periods of chick rearing.
UV plumage can signal maternal quality in blue tits so a male choosing a brightly coloured female will gain a good mother for his chicks and a less stressed partner.
and both parents feeding the chicks. The researchers looked at the relative UV reflectance of the crown feathers of female blue tits
and number of chicks fledged--as well as the birds'maternal state. Dr Arnold said: With up to 14 chicks to care for blue tit mothers in our study were feeding their broods every couple of minutes.
We showed that dowdy coloured females found this level of hard work twice as stressful compared with brighter mothers.
Also the mothers with more UV-reflectant crowns were highly successful fledging up to eight more chicks than females with drabber feathers.
Most cases appear to have visited live poultry markets or had close contact with live poultry 7-10 days before illness onset.
Currently no definite evidence indicates sustained human-to-human transmission of the H7n9 virus. The study reports a family cluster of two patients (father and daughter) with H7n9 virus infection in Eastern China in March 2013.
The first (index) patient--a 60 year old man--regularly visited a live poultry market and became ill five to six days after his last exposure to poultry.
He was admitted to hospital on 11 march. When his symptoms became worse he was transferred to the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) on 15 march.
The second patient his healthy 32 year old daughter had known no exposure to live poultry before becoming sick.
Environmental samples from poultry cages water at two local poultry markets and swans from the residential area were tested also.
They believe that the most likely source of infection for the index case was the live poultry market and conclude:
#Lesser prairie-chicken nest survival may decline by 2050lesser prairie-chicken nest survival may decrease to a level considered too low to sustain the current population by 2050 according to a new report by Texas Tech
and precipitation change on lesser prairie-chicken reproduction on the Southern High Plains. The authors noted that these findings do not suggest that the prairie chicken will become extinct
but rather indicate potential for population declines in New mexico and West Texas if no actions are taken.
and offset effects of changes in climate on the lesser prairie-chicken. Scientists looked at modeled predictions of climate change
Scientists focused on prairie chicken habitat in the southwestern part of their distribution in New mexico and West Texas. The study assessed the potential changes in number of eggs laid in a nest incubation start date
Increased temperatures and reduced humidity may lead to lesser prairie-chicken egg death or nest abandonment. The research showed that warm winter temperatures had the largest negative effect on reproductive success. Scientists suggest that above-average winter temperatures were correlated with La Niã a events
Lesser prairie-chicken survival relies on the combination of habitat and climate and larger areas of habitat provide more opportunities for them to survive a difficult climate said USGS scientist
The lesser prairie-chicken has experienced widespread declines in abundance and distribution with some estimates suggesting greater than a 90 percent decrease of the population.
This is the first study to examine how seasonal weather affects reproductive conditions of the lesser prairie-chicken.
The research published online in the Journal of Food safety sheds some doubt on the widely held belief that locally bought poultry is safer according to lead researcher Catherine Cutter professor and food safety extension specialist in the Department of Food Science.
Potentially hazardous foods such as milk cheeses and raw meat and poultry also are popular at these venues.
Cutter and Scheinberg speculate that interventions such as antimicrobial rinses can lower pathogen levels on poultry carcasses.
So Josh developed a survey for poultry vendors with questions focused on processing methods as well as food safety practices.
and food safety training for farmers and vendors selling poultry products at farmers markets. Cutter noted that her role as an extension specialist is to develop science-based educational materials for farmers/vendors who sell poultry at markets explain the applicable local
and federal regulations and emphasize the need for antimicrobial interventions to prevent a higher prevalence of pathogens.
Bacteria that cause foodborne illness such as Campylobacter and Salmonella are destroyed by proper cooking of poultry products;
Scheinberg's master's thesis Comparison of Poultry Products Obtained from Farmers Markets and Supermarkets in Pennsylvania is available online at https://etda. libraries. psu. edu/paper/15223/.
and policymakers have overlooked the critical role played by the ongoing overuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry.
#Wind power does not strongly affect greater prairie chickens, seven-year study findswind power development does not ruffle the feathers of greater prairie chicken populations according to the results of a seven-year study from a Kansas State university ecologist and his team.
The researchers--led by Brett Sandercock professor of biology--discovered that wind turbines have little effect on greater prairie chickens
and that these grassland birds are affected more by rangeland management practices and by the availability of native prairie and vegetation cover at nest sites.
and with the development of mitigation strategies to enhance habitat conditions for the greater prairie chicken. The greater prairie chicken was once abundant across the central Plains
but populations have declined because of habitat loss and human development. The chickens now are primarily found in the Great plains in Kansas--particularly the Smoky Hills
which gave researchers the opportunity to observe greater prairie chickens before during and after wind turbine construction.
and then hide nests in tall prairie grass The scientists researched many different features of prairie chickens and their biology:
We don't have evidence for really strong effects of wind power on prairie chickens or their reproduction Sandercock said.
and gas development affect prairie chickens Sandercock said. With wind power development the researchers had unexpected the result of female survival rates increasing after wind turbines were installed potentially
Prairie chickens are ground-nesting birds and need adequate cover for their nests to survive. Grazing and fire management practices can affect how much nesting cover is available for chickens.
The team is conducting follow-up studies to test mitigation strategies that may improve habitat conditions for prairie chickens.
and how it affects prairie chickens and grassland songbirds. Patch-burn grazing involves dividing a pasture into three parts and burning a third of the pasture each year.
#Live from the hens egglike a contortionist twisted the chick is lying in its eggshell brain eyes and beak visible in levels of grey.
In small white circles the flowing blood of the active chick flashes again and again on the MRI system's monitor.
The chick bumps with its head back and forth and finally cracks the eggshell. Scientists at the Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs Gmbh have managed now to film the natural embryonic development and hatching of a chicken in real time through MRI.
Siegfried Machemehl chairman of the Poultry Breeding Club GÃ ttingen-Grone provided fertilized eggs of the Marans breed.
The stronger the chick moved the more complicated it became to keep the scan plane
After 18 days the chick is developed fully but only after 21 days is it ready to leave the eggshell.
Hatching of the scanned Marans chick dragged on for more than 36 hours. Including breaks the chick remained 24 of the 36 hours in the MRI system.
It was incredibly exciting to see how his chest worked and what tremendous efforts the chick had to make to get free the project leader says.
In different image series about 60000 MRI images were taken within the last 13 hours of hatching alone.
Using FLASH 2 we could visualize the chick's movements inside the narrow eggshell without disturbing it.
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