For example, without the ebb and flow of tides, the sea bulrush (Scirpus mariqueter), a native intertidal grass bearing fruit and stalks that are key food sources for many birds
Davis. The analysis identified crop species including potato, apple, aubergine, carrot and sunflower that have high numbers of relatives yet to be collected.
And it identified some crops, such as sorghum and bananas, that have few, if any, relatives secured in collections.
Wielding his butterfly net, ecologist Berry Brosi of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, set out to test these models in the field with his colleague Heather Briggs from the University of California,
US regulation misses some GM cropsit took scientists 85 years to breed a commercial apple that could fend off apple scab,
and apples trees were becoming infected again. Breeders were back to square one. Even armed with modern breeding techniques and 15 Â known defence genes in the apple family
it would take another 40  years to breed a resistant strain conventionally, says Henk  Schouten, a plant scientist at Wageningen University in The netherlands.
Because he wants to insert DNA only from related apple varieties, Schouten argues that his product should not be regulated in the same way as genetically modified (GM CROPS that are engineered with bacterial or VIRAL DNA.
and small companies to pursue speciality crops, such as apples, that have so far been ignored by biotechnology giants."
is trying to use genes from grape varieties to engineer a wine grape that is resistant to Pierce s disease a condition caused by a bacterium that has made it difficult to grow wine grapes in the state.
Schouten, meanwhile, did not skirt regulation for his apples after all. In April 2012, APHIS told him that the agency would regulate his variety
in spite of the fact that the genes he introduced came from other apples. This was used because he Agrobacterium to insert the genes it did not matter to regulators that no trace of Agrobacterium DNA remained in his plants.
tart applesthose who find satisfaction in the crunch of a hard apple have reason to be worried about climate change:
a 40-year study of Japanese apple orchards has found that global warming is producing softer but sweeter apples.
The findings mean that Japan s beloved Fuji apples join the ranks of other plants that are likely to have altered their harvests by warming temperatures,
such as wine grapes and the sugar maple trees used to make maple syrup.""Climate changes are impacting the everyday lives of real people,
and his colleagues decided to look at how this shift affects the quality of the fruit.
The team analysed four decades'worth of data collected from two varieties of apple Fuji
and acidity of the apples had declined during that time, while their sweetness had increased. The changes may not be apparent to consumers
"But if you could eat an average apple harvested 30 years before and an average apple harvested recently at the same time,
you would really taste the difference, he says. Gregory Jones of Southern Oregon University in Ashland, who studies the effects of climate change on wine grapes,
says that the results of this and other studies including his own unpublished work on pears are beginning to fall into a pattern:
warmer temperatures coax plants into flowering earlier and yielding riper, sweeter fruit at harvest. The findings will help to inform efforts to breed new varieties of fruit crops that can cope better with the changing climate,
or could encourage a change in farming practices to account for warmer temperatures. Such information can also alter calculations of the relative costs
and benefits of easing climate change, adds Field:""If climate change is causing this damage,
The fruits of their labour are published in three papers in Science today1-3 . Just as the platypus genome yielded insights into the emergence of mammals,
and kills the main variety of export banana has been found in plantations in Mozambique and Jordan,
which accounts for almost all of the multibillion-dollar banana export trade. Expansion of the disease worldwide could be disastrous,
which was exported the main banana variety from the nineteenth century until the 1950s. In response, the industry replaced Gros Michel plants with the Cavendish variety,
the world s leading banana exporter, says Rony  Swennen of the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium,
and a banana breeder at the International Institute of Tropical agriculture in Dar es salaam.""It s a gigantic problem, he adds.
China and northern Australia (see Fruit threat). The outbreak in Jordan, reported on 29 Â October (F. Â A. Â Garcia et al.
which banana plants propagate. But much of the Cavendish industry now uses tissue culture, which produces pathogen-free plantlets.
along with the Caribbean, accounts for more than 80%of banana exports. If Foc-TR4 takes root there,
has allowed the cultivation of bananas on contaminated land. But production losses and higher costs make affected plantations less economically viable.
Progress in creating bananas fully resistant to Foc-TR4 either by classical breeding or genetic engineering, has so far been limited.
The wild Asian banana Musa acuminata malaccensis the genome of which was published last year (A. Â D Hont Nature 488,213-217;
But he cautions that the full results are not yet In for those who buy their bananas in supermarkets,
or so tonnes of bananas and cooking bananas (plantains) produced annually. Industrial farms growing a single Cavendish cultivar are at a high risk of Foc-TR4 infestation,
but the fungus poses less of a threat to the bulk of the bananas that provide a staple for some 400 Â million people worldwide.
Most of the bananas important for the food supply are grown by smallholder farmers in low-income countries and consumed locally.
Dale is trying to engineer Gros Michel bananas for resistance to the original Foc strain.
"It s such a superior banana to Cavendish. To bring it back would be wonderful
they could grow in anything from watermelons to maize and confer heat-and drought-tolerance on those crops."
Why irrational choices can be rationalyou prefer apples to oranges, but cherries to apples. Yet if I offer you just cherries and oranges,
you take the oranges. That does necessarily mean you're crazy, according to a new study published in Biology Letters1.
The research shows that sometimes a decision like this, which sounds irrational, can actually be the best one.
Organisms, including humans, are assumed often to be hardwired by evolution to try to make optimal decisions, to the best of their knowledge.
and involved linseed, rice, maize (corn) and papaya. Once detected, most shipments were destroyed or returned to the country of origin.
#Spain Considers Release Of Genetically Modified Olive Fruit Fliesa company involved in creating genetically modified mosquitos has another project nearing outdoor testing.
The modified olive fruit flies may have other unwanted genetic traits such as pesticide resistance that they'll spread among wild flies Wallace said.
The group is concerned also about GM maggots living for some time in olives before their genes kill them off.
the fruit of several years of intensive research for them to taste even take for themselves.
Carter is the owner of a 21-acre farm in Canada s Okanagan Valley and the developer of Arctic apples
Carter thinks his invention could encourage people to eat more apples by making packaged pre-sliced fruit more appealing.
Anti-GMO activists as well as the apple industry oppose the introduction of Arctics each for different reasons.
You can't really blame Apple for your inability to keep your phone safe. Cool1:
if apple is ripping off Nokia with these bright colors???Fire that person1: 31 the iphone 5c will cost $100 for 16gb and $200 for 32gb.
48 better battery life than the last iphone says apple. That's good that matters. 1: 51 I cheated
The camera is unheralded as maybe THE main thing that puts the iphone above android phones in quality--apple's image processing is amazing way better than even flashy HTC
if the NSA demands it apple will turn over your fingerprint which will then be connected to your entire online identity and location.
05 oh apple says they encrypt the fingerprints. Cool because its not like it was revealed just last week that the NSA has been working for decades to break just that kind of encryption oh wait2:
and is limited as a liveblogging tool. 2: 12 apple says we really love music. Whoooooooa maybe you shoulda workshopped that sentiment man2:
Dan is complaining about fundamentally Apple things yet still owns an iphone. If you don't like the lack of 4g the terrible glass on the back the poor html get a different phone!
Especially with how long Apple goes between releases. The more real competition the better it is for us consumers!@
http://live. theverge. com/apple-iphone-5s-liveblog/I do not understand how this guy still has a job...
You can't really blame Apple for your inability to keep your phone safe. Second your phone isn't old.
Apple's addition of a fingerprint reader in its latest smartphone the iphone 5s is part of its strategy to double down on device security. by Zack Whittaker September 10 2013 12:27 PM PDT Apple has unveiled its smartphone
a fingerprint reader it's calling Touch ID. With its move Apple could end up making the technology commonplace as rivals might feel compelled to follow suit.
Most likely Apple fanboys but aside from that Popsci is a science magazine yes but it isn't like they are accredited a scholarly science journal.
and the yellow-orange is revealed. âÂ#Âoethe color of a leaf is subtractive like crayons on a piece of paperã¢Â# says David Lee formerly of Florida International University who has studied leaf color since 1973.
and are responsible for the color of a blueberry. They re also sometimes made in newly sprouting leaves
-and-sugar water) then smoked it for 8 hours stuffed with apples and onions and herbs.
#Are Crocodiles Secret Fruit-Lovers? Seed dispersal by animals is important for plants to help them occupy new areas of land.
and showed that 13 of 18 species ate fruit of some sort and a wide variety of plants.
The recent study published in the Journal of Zoology shows that for crocodiles almost a quarter of the fruits consumed were of the âÂ#Âoefleshyã¢Â# kind.
However none of the recordings were of direct observations of fruit eating so exactly how
So there is some chance that these crocodiles are indirect eaters of fruit who feast on fruit-eating animals.
But direct observations (see video) have been made many times to believe that they might actually like eating fruits.
The energy values of fruits are pretty high so consumption could be for a nutritional benefit.
Crocodiles are obligate carnivores âÂ#Âtheir primary diet is meat âÂ#Âand as such fruits are classed often as anomalous food items
This mainstream view may have led to the ignorance that feeding on fruits could help their diet and energy balances.
That the review study picked up so many independent instances of crocodiles feeding on fruit and having ingested seeds is solid evidence for this.
A Daiquiri uses rum lime and sugar. A Bee's Knees calls for gin lemon and honey syrup.
A Margarita mixes tequila lime and orange liqueur. The basic formula for a Sour is 2 parts of the base spirit to 1 part of the sweet component and 1 part of the sour component.
For example: Daiquiri 2 parts white rum 1 part simple syrup 1 part fresh lime juiceshake ingredients with ice and strain into a cocktail glass or strain
onto new ice in a rocks glass. Cocktail recipes and definitions change with the times (just like language)
At one point a Sour always called for lemon juice not lime. At a later point Sours usually had added egg white to them to give them a frothy head.
âÂ# The sour component of a Sour is usually lemon or lime juice but it can be grapefruit
or yuzu juice or even muddled sour candy if that s how you roll. The sweet component can be anything from a nonalcoholic sweetener like simple syrup agave nectar and grenadine to a liqueur like Cointreau or peach schnapps.
It could even be an artificial sweetener like Sweet âÂ# N Low though most bartenders would argue against that choice.
Most bartenders use lime. Sweet elements: Raw sugar simple syrup (equal parts sugar and water) agave syrup (equal parts agave nectar and water) honey syrup (equal parts honey
egg white garnishes (citrus zests cherries etc. That 2: 1: 1 ratio (2 parts base spirit to 1 part sour to 1 part sweet) can change depending on a bar s house style.
while others may take a citrus-forward approach. Start with 2: 1: 1 proportions find the balance that you like
Keep in mind that lemons and limes are not the same sourness as each other and they also change in tartness over the season.
You ll need to adjust the quantities to keep the drink in balance. âÂ#¢The Cosmopolitan is actually a clever variation on the Sour with citrus vodka triple sec lime juice and cranberry juice
#Your Autumn Guide To Apples Infographic The Baldwin. The Northern spy. Apples are named almost always after old moneyed English people
and books they would read. And now that fall is here it's basically Downton Abbey.
Sean Seidell an information designer who previously taught us about chocolate and also got us super wasted created this infographic of 41 apples organized by taste
and recommended use. In my research I learned that there are more than 7500 unique varieties of apples worldwide.
Narrowing down to just 41 apples was a challenge Seidell wrote in an email to Popular Science.
I tried to include as many popular apples as I could while still leaving room for exceptional apples that have amazing flavors such as the Winesap with a unique tart spicy vinous flavor or the all-purpose excellent tasting but not a beauty queen Newtown Pippin.
But at least it didn't get stuck with a name like Esopus Spitzenburg. I never knew a bad apple.
It was always delicious up to the moment I saw the half worm lol l
#5 Reasons To Celebrate Colobus Daythe colobi are a group of Old world monkeys (meaning from Africa
or Asia) that are widespread throughout Africa. They are better than Christopher Columbus for the following reasons. 1. Amazing Jumpersthe various species of colobus monkey--there are about five distinct species some with subspecies--are probably the most arboreal of all African monkeys.
and fruits that are poisonous or indigestible to most animals; think of the eucalyptus of Australia or the bamboo forests of China.
There are bad apples in every group but to think all or most scientist cheat is beyond paranoid and closing in on mental illness good hunting.
lack of fruits and vegetables and thus a lack of Vitamin c in particular was thought the main factor.
What of the works by important American authors like James Baldwin that you want to pass from generation to generation?
whether serving more fruits and veggies in school lunches is correlated actually with kids eating more fruits and veggies at lunchtime.
The study is especially relevant because new USDA rules required schools to serve more fruits
and vegetables starting in the 2012-2013 school year. The USDA doesn't yet have any data from that change
Watermelon and tomatoes taste very bitter. Citrus fruits are so sour that I can't stand them.
When I was in grade school they started a program where they made us drink orange juice every day.
I am pushing 50 never eat fruit hardly eat veggies and that's just the way it is.
Normally coffee farmers and processors pick the berries from their coffee trees remove the fruits'flesh from their seeds ferment the seeds
and their digestive tracts strip the fruit from the beans. The civets then excrete the beans
when they didn't have access to bananas & oranges & broccoli & beets & pecans & cheese & garlic & olives & tomatoes & raspberries & blueberries & sweet potatoes & asparagus & cherries & bell peppers & spinach & green beans & lentils & sweet cream & popcorn
& whole grain spelt bread & quinoa & oatmeal & cranberries & caramel & & & & & &...The only thing that makes an all meat diet not work is cooking it.
That is why lions (and every other carnivore on the planet) do just fine. You are what you eat and
Might we recommend some star fruit? This article originally appeared in the November 2009 issue of Popular Science magazine. yall are ignorant. a white dwarf star could not be eat better yet held in a spoon. come back to
no way would it taste like cantaloupe or any other melon. it would taste like a dinosaur-shaped watermelon-flavored vitamin p. s. what about a 1000000000000th of a singularity?
would that pull you apart? lolz: PDID any of the tea partiers get some of it?
and mango flies that live in rainforests and swamps. Having a worm crawling around in your body can cause itching
U s. airplanes used lime-green zinc chromate; the Japanese had a red primer. The team will have to get a close look.
and eats mostly fruit supplemented with insects. It lives in the high forest of Ecuador
These elements cultivate chemical reactions with the base spirit adding aromatic molecules to produce flavors such as coconut vanilla and fruit.
In the fruit and vegetable industry that's a good thing. Plant scientists experiment with crossing plants all the time to encourage strains that will yield fruit with more desirable characteristics.
A lot of the food we eat today comes from plants that were pollinated cross or were hybrids at one time.
How do you get a strawberry or any other plant to breed with a fish?
For example fish genes have been placed in tomatoes human genes in tobacco bacteria in corn and viruses in squash and fruit.
I really want to make a Heads-up display using a Raspberry Pi with this soon! Interesting thing would be nice wireless
And let us best compare apples to apples and not take things to extremes shall we as it becomes laughable.
The iconic endangered-in-the-U s. grizzly bear relies on lots of fruit especially berries when preparing for its winter hibernation.
and containing lots of important vitamins the berries including serviceberry chokecherry buffaloberry twinberry huckleberry and others and make up a substantial portion of the grizzly's diet in the summertime.
A lower amount of berries has been found to have a negative effect on the survival and reproductive abilities of grizzlies the following year.
There have been quite a few low-berry years lately. That problem says the study can be attributed to the lack of wolves in Yellowstone:
Elk eat berries just like the bears do. But without wolves the elk population has exploded
which means there's hardly any berries left for the bears. So the bears aren't as well fed
The elk are eating so many berries including the entire berry shrubs that animals that rely on the shrubs like bees
The bears without access to the fruit they'd normally be eating have to eat more meat
The researchers from Oregon State university and Washington state University analyzed grizzly bear scat and found that the percentage of berries in the scat has doubled since the reintroduction of the wolves.
#Should We Genetically Engineer The Orange To Save It? Orange growers are considering genetically modifying your morning OJ.
The plant illness called citrus greening makes trees drop their leaves and stunts their fruit.
Scientists have concluded gradually that the only way to combat citrus greening is by engineering a resistant tree The New york times reports.
Two years ago I talked with scientists who work on creating new commercial strawberry breeds. They told me the berry industry meticulously breeds new plant types in the old-fashioned way it involves brushing pollen from one plant onto another using a tiny paintbrush
because researchers fear that consumers won't eat GMO berries. Major science organizations have concluded that just
because a food is modified genetically doesn't necessarily mean it harms human health. Nevertheless many consumers find GMOS strange or scary.
The New york times piece is a fascinating read bringing in the emotions around genetic engineering as well as the ominous danger to the fruit.
How is this different from the disease that went around the world killing grape vines?
Perhaps a better contingency to avoid the extinction of oranges (does this disease affect oranges worldwide?
would be to store the seeds of healthy oranges in a controlled sealed environment. Yes store the seeds
Save the bananas too else we may have a Minion revolt! Lolas Francis responded I'm surprised that any body can profit $4097 in one month on the internet. did you look at this website...
if a pompous businessman slips on a banana peel and goes sprawling rather than when an invalid does.
but going back to the previous example slipping on a banana peel might be. Our automatic assumption--that the sidewalk is clear of slippery fruits--has been challenged.
Psychological distance helps people distinguish between what situations seem funny and what seem terrifying or abhorrent why accidents in movies or Youtube videos might seem comedic even
than for Me to have squeezed my berries. Humor in general seems to relate to somebody's suffering--pain humiliation embarrassment.
I am allergic to most raw fruits and vegetables most beans and all tree nuts.
and grocery stores will be pressed hard to keep the shelves stocked certainly not with fruits and vegetables other than whatã¢Â#Â#s canned
The beets conduct body capacitance or the electrical energy stored inside humans to a sensor plugged into a Raspberry Pi minicomputer (Pi for short.
Apple successfully marketed the iphone as high-end. But even bad neighborhoods have strengths. Android has flexibility ios doesn't;
Or maybe another platform like Windows phone or Blackberry will start marketing more heavily to the lower-income segment.
I'm a Apple/iphone and would really like to get the HTC1 my coworker has it and I really like the feel of it.
but because they abhor the arrogance of Apple and the Don't tamper with the perfection we've created mentality that they apply to their (lack of) configurability.
The bottom line is that Apple makes undeniably beautiful hardware geared to users who would rather be driven passengers through the technological countryside as opposed to grabbing the wheel themselves for a truly personalized and open user experience.
Another reason why more well off users are using Apple products is it's simply where the apps are.
Don't believe me take a look at Apples earnings reports from that quarter. Their margins took a hit because of the increase sales of the 4s.
I read on Apple Insider. A majority of Iphone users I know either got them as hand-me-downs or for $50 or less.
and didn't choose Apple I'm obviously not doing so because I don't have the cash.
Everyone knows apple has exceptional marketing. They have succeeded in getting tech-ignorant people to buy products with outdated and sometimes faulty components.
Apple is a hollow name brand that has sacrificed its credibility for obscene margins (i e. the difference between
Android developed a visionary OS that hardware is now able to fully match--meanwhile Apple's limited OS is falling way behind the times (widgets themes custumizations.
nuremberg winees or guilty microsoft apples! or oranges! guilty or not kings and queen's every leader!
that know's the term opec! like a pig duck! hung a king in iraq!
nuremberg winees or guilty microsoft apples! or oranges! guilty or not kings and queen's every leader!
that know's the term opec! like a pig duck! hung a king in iraq!
#Comparing Wild Tomatoes To Supermarket Tomatoes For Delicious Geneshot-house tomatoes like you might find at the supermarket in February are beautiful perfect deep red fruits...
and how they affect the flavor appearance lifespan and all kinds of other traits of the fruit.
and trace the way individual genes interact to affect the whole fruit. One species for example is found in the desert
Now to strawberries. Remember that the whole house smelled of them 50-60 years ago o
Junipers are known for the berries which give gin that piney flavor. Most gin companies don't get their juniper berries from the U k. nowadays ABC News reports
Other Phytophthora species are able to infect almost all of the fruit and nut trees people plant around the world.
Better farming techniques may save the bananas and who knows other farm plants like this article juniper trees too...
Filipino discovers cure for dreaded banana diseases...Dr. Dela Cruz's probiotic treatmentwhat makes Dr. Dela Cruz s treatment system unique is that it s not a drug in the traditional sense.
And there s no risk of contaminating the bananas with harmful pesticides. âÂ#Âoethe products used in this treatment system are so safe you can ingest it
and proven to be effective by studies with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the Department of agriculture (DA) in small and large banana plantations in 2011.
TJD GMA News...http://www. gmanetwork. com/news story/260412/scitech/science/filipino-discovers-cure-for-dreaded-banana-diseasesuntil
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