and less fruit but they are still dependent on natural forests for their long term survival. While we're learning that orangutans may be more behaviourally flexible than we thought
Casazza suggests kids start the day with fruits proteins and whole grains. Avoid sugary cereals
#¢Offer healthy choices like yogurt fruits and veggies.#¢#¢If they want kid stuff baked chips can be an option in moderation.#¢
Carole Baldwin a zoologist at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural history examined more than 200 species of marine fishes in their larval stage primarily from the western Caribbean.
but color patterns in marine fish larvae have largely been neglected said Baldwin. Yet the larval stages of many marine fishes have subtle to striking ephemeral color patterns that can potentially tell us a lot about a species'place on the taxonomic family tree.
when Baldwin examined these fishes in the larval stage she noticed that they share a unique transformation of color pattern that supports the idea that they could be related closely.
More investigation of larval color patterns in marine fish is needed to fully assess their value in phylogenic reconstruction said Baldwin.
and Baldwin will encourage colleagues to obtain color photographs of larvae when possible. And studies on the formation of pigment such as those conducted on the model freshwater zebrafish (Danio species) are needed.
The study published July 24 in the online journal PLOS ONE is the first analysis of real-world conditions encountered by honey bees as their hives pollinate a wide range of crops from apples to watermelons.
Pesticides found most frequently in the bees'pollen were the fungicide chlorothalonil used on apples
But when the researchers collected pollen from bees foraging on native North american crops such as blueberries and watermelon they found the pollen came from other flowering plants in the area not from the crops.
He's running around digging holes eating pineapples communicating vocally and getting lots of love. Cornell Hospital for Animals people play with him and bring him treats
The fruit and seeds of the oil palm are the source of nearly one-half of the supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide
how the thickness of its shell correlates to fruit size and oil yield explains Dr. Rajinder Singh of the MPOB first author of the Nature paper describing the Shell gene.
Seed producers can now use the genetic marker for the Shell gene to distinguish the three fruit forms in the nursery long before they are field-planted.
To meet increased demand for palm oil the government converted colonial rubber and cocoa plantations to oil palm plantations.
and other transcriptional regulators highly expressed in the oil-rich palm fruit. The researchers also created a draft sequence of the South american oil palm E. oleifera.
which includes a large amount of fruits vegetables whole grains lean meat fish and low-fat dairy.
Manore said half of a plate of food should be filled with fruits and veggies and processed food should be avoided.
Instead of drinking orange juice eat an orange. It has more fiber and fills you up more.
We found that these wildflowers produce one-third fewer seeds in the absence of just one bumblebee species says Emory University ecologist Berry Brosi who led the study.
Apple went 100 percent renewable so they didn't have to hear about it and with their high margins they could afford to do that said Koomey.
But instead of telling kids to eat more fruits and vegetables Iowa State university researchers found the trick may be to convince them visually.
which included foods like tacos sloppy joes fruits and vegetables and had the additional option of a salad bar.
#Worlds first water treatment techniques using apple and tomato peelsmr Ramakrishna Mallampati a Phd candidate at the National University of Singapore (NUS) experimented with water treatment techniques using materials that are easily available
and came up with novel ways to purify water using the peels of apples and tomatoes.
and came up with novel ways to purify water using the peels of apples and tomatoes.
This is the first time that the peels of the two fruits have been used to remove different types of pollutants in water.
Tomato peel: an efficient adsorbent for water purificationtomato is the second most consumed vegetable in the world with approximately 30 per cent consumed as processed products.
Mr Ramakrishna evaluated the effectiveness of tomato peel as an adsorbent by using different pollutants.
He also studied the structure of the tomato peels to assess their efficiency as biomaterials to remove toxic metal ions and organic pollutants from water.
His study revealed that tomato peels can effectively remove different contaminants in water including dissolved organic
Apple peel: a biomass for water purificationin addition to tomato peels Mr Ramakrishna also explored the viability of using the peels of apples for water purification as apple peels are easily available as biowaste from food processing industries
and they are biodegradable. Similar to tomato peels apple peels can also remove a range of dissolved water pollutants through the adsorption process.
In order to enhance the ability of apple peels towards extraction of negatively charged pollutants Mr Ramakrishna immobilised naturally occurring zirconium oxides onto the surface of apple peels.
Zirconium loaded apple peels were found to be able to extract anions such as phosphate arsenate arsenite and chromate ions from aqueous solutions.
This method of water purification can also be used for large scale applications. The findings are published in the American Chemical Society journal ASC Applied materials & Interfaces in May 2013.
and Assoc Prof Suresh hope that the findings on the use apple and tomato peels for water purification can be applied to benefit economically
Mr Ramakrishna and other students in Assoc Prof Suresh's research group are now looking into the use of other fruit peels and natural fibers for water purification.
They are used also to enhance pollination of other food crops such as strawberries and are marketed now for use in people s gardens.
Most adults feed on fruits sap nectar or other sweet fluids. The larvae vary considerably in size
and seeds whereas others bore through stems and fruits. Larvae of some species are known as cutworms
and green leafy vegetables fruits fortified breakfast cereals soy drinks nuts and milk products (for vegetarians who consume dairy).
Fructooligosaccharides are naturally found in chicory onions asparagus wheat tomatoes and other fruits vegetables and grains.
Not surprisingly children lean toward sweets like cookies chocolate fruits and juices as well as salty foods that make them feel full like French fries and pizza.
In her studies she found children like fat and sugar and somewhat surprisingly fruit is at the top of the list of food choices followed by starches meat and eggs dairy and vegetables.
In the study he and his co-authors conducted this year 59 MBA students at the University of California Los angeles were asked during midterm exams which snack they would like from an array that included healthy snacks (fruit nonfat yogurt whole wheat crackers
which study subjects chewed almonds 10 times 25 times or 40 times and their fecal fat and energy lost by the number of chews were measured.
and contribute protein a whole almond is probably the way you want to go Mattes said.
If you're interested in maximizing Vitamin e intake chopped almonds almond butter or almond oil may be a better choice.
Mixed fibers from fruits vegetables and whole grains also topped the charts as high energy sources he added.
#How cranberries impact infection-causing bacteriaconsuming cranberry products has been associated anecdotally with prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIS) for over 100 years.
In recent years some studies have suggested that cranberries prevent UTIS by hindering bacteria from sticking to the walls of the urinary tract thanks to phytochemicals known as proanthocyanidins (PACS.
Yet the mechanisms by which cranberry materials may alter bacterial behaviour have not been understood fully. Now researchers in Mcgill University's Department of Chemical engineering are shedding light on the biological mechanisms by
which cranberries may impart protective properties against urinary tract and other infections. Two new studies spearheaded by Prof.
Nathalie Tufenkji add to evidence of cranberries'effects on UTI-causing bacteria. The findings also point to the potential for cranberry derivatives to be used to prevent bacterial colonization in medical devices such as catheters.
In research results published online last month in the Canadian Journal of Microbiology Prof. Tufenkji and members of her laboratory report that cranberry powder can inhibit the ability of Proteus mirabilis a bacterium frequently implicated in complicated UTIS to swarm on agar plates
and swim within the agar. The experiments also show that increasing concentrations of cranberry powder reduce the bacteria's production of urease an enzyme that contributes to the virulence of infections.
These results build on previous work by the Mcgill lab showing that cranberry materials hinder movement of other bacteria involved in UTIS.
A genome-wide analysis of an uropathogenic E coli revealed that expression of the gene that encodes for the bacteria's flagellar filament was decreased in the presence of cranberry PACS.
The team's findings are significant because bacterial movement is a key mechanism for the spread of infection as infectious bacteria literally swim to disseminate in the urinary tract
While the effects of cranberry in living organisms remain subject to further study our findings highlight the role that cranberry consumption might play in the prevention of chronic infections Tufenkji says.
and Materials Engineering finds that cranberry-enriched silicone substrates impaired the spread of Proteus mirabilis. Those results published online in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B:
Biointerfaces point to potential use for cranberry derivatives to hinder the spread of germs in implantable medical devices such as catheters
Based on the demonstrated bioactivity of cranberry its use in catheters and other medical devices could someday yield considerable benefits to patient health Tufenkji says.
and Engineering Research Council of Canada the Canada Research Chairs program the Wisconsin Cranberry Board the Cranberry Institute the Fonds qu b cois de la recherche sur
These included fruit vegetables fish and meat as well as high-energy snack foods like chocolates nuts and chips and fruit drinks including fruit squash.
Those studies identified two distinct eating patterns#one high in fruit vegetables and other healthy foods and the other#known as the western pattern
or strawberry patch still relatively little is known about the effect these munching molluscs have on large scale grassland conservation projects.
Early exposure to fruit and late exposure to rice/oat was associated with an increased risk of T1dmb (HR 2. 23
whether animals ate diets based on tree and shrub leaves and fruits or upon grasses and grazing animals.
However such expansion would take a long time as lime is not a particularly fast-growing tree
Among other findings genes associated with fruit color showed rapid evolution among domesticated red-fruited tomatoes
However rotting fruit and plants--the flies'main sources of food--also release carbon dioxide. Neurobiologists in Martinsried have discovered now how the brain deals with this constant conflict in deciding between a hazardous substance and a potential food source taking advantage of the fly as a great genetic model organism for circuit neuroscience.
and the University of California at Davis. Vegetables and fruits don't die the moment they are harvested said Rice biologist Janet Braam the lead researcher on a new study this week in Current Biology.
Braam's team simulated day-night cycles of light and dark to control the internal clocks of fruits
and vegetables including cabbage carrots squash and blueberries. The research is a follow-up to her team's award-winning 2012 study of the ways that plants use their internal circadian clocks to defend themselves from hungry insects.
and co-authors John Liu and Zhengji Sheng studied spinach lettuce zucchini carrots sweet potatoes and blueberries.
She and Braam said the findings suggest that storing fruits and vegetables in dark trucks boxes and refrigerators may reduce their ability to keep daily rhythms.
whether all-dark or all-light conditions shorten the shelf life of fruits and vegetables Braam said.
The new species Stenoloba solaris has inspired its name by the orange circular patch on its wings that resembles the rising sun. The study was published in the open access journal Zookeys.
and behavior in smell recognitionbehind the common expression you can't compare apples to oranges lies a fundamental question of neuroscience:
How does the brain recognize that apples and oranges are different? A group of neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has published new research that provides some answers.
In the fruit fly the ability to distinguish smells lies in a region of the brain called the mushroom body (MB.
This means for instance that if you've learned that oranges are good the smell of a tangerine will also get you thinking about food says Robert Campbell a postdoctoral researcher in the Turner lab
#Cocoa may help fight obesity-related inflammationa few cups of hot cocoa may not only fight off the chill of a winter's day
Mice that were fed cocoa with a high-fat diet experienced less obesity-related inflammation than mice fed the same high-fat diet without the supplement said Joshua Lambert associate professor of food science.
The mice ate the human equivalent of 10 tablespoons of cocoa powder--about four or five cups of hot cocoa--during a 10-week period.
and diabetes in the mice that were fed the cocoa supplement were much lower than the mice that were fed the high-fat diet without the cocoa powder
For example they had about 27 percent lower plasma insulin levels than the mice that were fed not cocoa.
The cocoa powder supplement also reduced the levels of liver triglycerides in mice by a little more than 32 percent according to Lambert who worked with Yeyi Gu graduate student in food science and Shan Yu a graduate student in physiology.
and obesity that have emerged may help explain cocoa's role in mitigating inflammation. In one theory Lambert said excess fat may activate a distress signal that causes immune cells to become activated
The cocoa may reduce the precursors that act as a distress signal to initiate this inflammatory response.
The cocoa in this case may help improve gut barrier function. Cocoa although commonly consumed in chocolate actually has low-calorie content low-fat content and high-fiber content.
Most obesity researchers tend to steer clear of chocolate because it is high in fat high in sugar
However cocoa powder is low in fat and low in sugar. We looked at cocoa
because it contains a lot of polyphenolic compounds so it is analogous to things like green tea and wine
Lambert said he expects future research will be conducted to better identify why the cocoa powder is effective in treating inflammation as well as determine
#Why fruit ripens and spoils: Thousands of plant genes activated by ethylene gasit's common wisdom that one rotten apple in a barrel spoils all the other apples
and that an apple ripens a green banana if they are put together in a paper bag.
Ways to ripen or spoil fruit have been known for thousands of years--as the Bible can attest
--but now the genes underlying these phenomena of nature have been revealed. In the online journal elife a large international group of scientists led by investigators at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have traced the thousands of genes in a plant that are activated once ethylene a gas that acts as a plant
Ethylene not only helps ripen fruit it also regulates growth and helps defends a plant against pathogens among a variety of other functions.
and development be seed it in germination fruit ripening or responding to drought insects or pathogens says Katherine Chang the first author of the paper
Also endangered bee species often specialize on flowers that cannot easily be established on farmland such as heather or bilberry.
How the Romans did made itthe Romans concrete by mixing lime and volcanic rock. For underwater structures lime and volcanic ash were mixed to form mortar
and this mortar and volcanic tuff were packed into wooden forms. The seawater instantly triggered a hot chemical reaction.
The lime was hydrated--incorporating water molecules into its structure --and reacted with the ash to cement the whole mixture together.
Their analyses showed that the Roman recipe needed less than 10 percent lime by weight made at two-thirds
Imported ancient Etruscan amphoras and a limestone press platform discovered at the ancient port site of Lattara in southern France have provided the earliest known biomolecular archaeological evidence of grape wine and winemaking
and grape samples liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. All the samples were positive for tartaric acid/tartrate (the biomarker
or fingerprint compound for the Eurasian grape and wine in the middle East and Mediterranean) as well as compounds deriving from pine tree resin.
Masses of several thousand domesticated grape seeds pedicels and even skin excavated from an earlier context near the press further attest to its use for crushing transplanted domesticated grapes and local wine production.
Olives were extremely rare in the archaeobotanical corpus at Lattara until Roman times. This is the first clear evidence of winemaking on French soil.
In the case of Celtic Europe grape wine displaced a hybrid drink of honey wheat/barley and native wild fruits (e g. lingonberry and apple) and herbs (such as bog myrtle yarrow and heather.
#A grassy trend in human ancestors dietsmost apes eat leaves and fruits from trees and shrubs.
and fruits--and by 3. 5 million years ago they started exploring new diet possibilities--tropical grasses
and fruits Cerling says. How the Studies Were performed: You Are What You Eatthe new studies analyze carbon isotope results from 173 teeth from 11 species of hominins.
C3 plants include trees bushes and shrubs and their leaves and fruits; most vegetables; cool-season grasses and grains such as timothy alfalfa wheat oats barley and rice;
Today North americans eat about half C3 plants including vegetables fruits and grains such as wheat oats rye and barley and about half C4
better-tasting chocolatethe freshly sequenced genome of the most commonly cultivated cacao plant in the world is revealed in the open access journal Genome Biology this week.
and quality of the sequence to identify genetic markers that can lead to higher yielding cocoa plants that still produce better tasting cocoa.
so cacao growers are keen to improve the quality of cacao beans exported from Ecuador.
and colleagues sequenced the genome of the Matina cacao variety then used genetic analyses and comparisons with other varieties to highlight a gene involved in pod colour variation.
Cacao plant breeders trying to produce a delicious high-yield strain through cross breeding have met with limited success. So the genetic marker could in theory be used to screen young seedlings
and labour of growing up potential duds ultimately improving the quality of cacao plants and the chocolate made from them.
Although the genome sequence of the Criollo cacao variety was reported two years ago it's genetically quite distinct
and so a poor representative of the cacao types cultivated worldwide. Since the publication of the genome sequence researchers have been working to identify genetic markers that can produce more productive cocoa plants for farmers
while still providing consumers with high quality and superior taste. The genome sequence research is a part of an overall effort to use traditional breeding techniques to develop planting materials that farmers can use to be more productive.
and cacao beans harvested from the plants'pods are used to produce chocolate as well as in the confectionary and cosmetic industries.
Cacao production is essential to the livelihoods of around 45 million people worldwide and to the happiness and well-being of millions and millions more.
The National Science Foundation the Department of energy the Welch Foundation the Shell Center for Sustainability and the Louis and Peaches Owen Family Foundation supported the research.
The'healthy Nordic diet'used in the study contains local produce such as berries root vegetables legumes and cabbage.
The rest of the group ate butter instead of rapeseed oil less berries and vegetables and had no rules on red meat or white bread intake.
Ragweed mugwort plantain and pigweed have more than just their unappealing appearance in common--they're some of the worst offenders to allergy sufferers said Robert Valet M d. assistant professor of Medicine and an allergist at Vanderbilt University Medical center's Asthma
and flowering trees like the Bradford pear and Crabapple but they are not typically allergens as they rely on insects instead of the wind to carry their pollen.
ME DEADLY family of proteins (KMDS)# that may help to improve production of fruits vegetables and grains.
The worlds favorite fruit, only better-tasting and longer-lastingtomatoes said to be the world's most popular fruit can be made both better-tasting and longer-lasting thanks to UK research with purple GM varieties.
Working with GM tomatoes that are different to normal fruit only by the addition of a specific compound allows us to pinpoint exactly how to breed in valuable traits said Professor Cathie Martin from the John Innes Centre.
and more valuable commercially due to increased shelf life said Martin. The findings could also be applied to other soft fruit such as strawberries and raspberries.
About a third of our food production including most of our fruit and vegetables depends on animal pollination
#Scientists uncover how grapefruits provide a secret weapon in medical drug deliverylipids (right panel first three tubes) derived from grapefruit.
Grapefruits have long been known for their health benefits and the subtropical fruit may revolutionize how medical therapies like anticancer drugs are delivered to specific tumor cells.
University of Louisville researchers have uncovered how to create nanoparticles using natural lipids derived from grapefruit
and have discovered how to use them as drug delivery vehicles. Uofl scientists Huang-Ge Zhang D. V. M. Ph d. Qilong Wang Ph d. and their team today (May 21 2013) published their findings in Nature Communications.
These nanoparticles which we've named grapefruit-derived nanovectors (GNVS) are derived from an edible plant
The therapeutic potential of grapefruit derived nanoparticles was validated further through a Phase 1 clinical trial for treatment of colon cancer patients.
So far researchers have observed no toxicity in the patients who orally took the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin encapsulated in grapefruit nanoparticles.
The fruits and vegetables we buy from the grocery today were passed down from generation to generation as favorable and nutritious for the human body.
In addition to grapefruit Zhang and his team analyzed the nanoparticles from tomatoes and grapes. Grapefruits were chosen for further exploration
because a larger quantity of lipids can be derived from this fruit. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Louisville.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Whodunnit of Irish potato famine solvedan international team of scientists reveals that a unique strain of potato blight they call HERB-1 triggered The irish potato famine of the mid-nineteenth century.
The presence of at least two possibly three species of starch producing palms bananas and various roots raises the intriguing possibility that these plants may have been planted nearby the settlement.
#Students diet and physical activity improve with parent communicationscollege students eat more fruits and vegetables and exercise more on days when they communicate more with their parents according to researchers at Penn State.
or played sports and how many times they ate fruits or vegetables. The team found that on days
or more they were 14 percent more likely to consume fruits and vegetables and 50 percent more likely to engage in 30 minutes or more of physical activity.
#Flower power fights orchard pestswashington State university researchers have found they can control one of fruit growers'more severe pests aphids with a remarkably benign tool:
The discovery is a boon for organic as well as conventional tree fruit growers. The researchers recently published their study in the journal Biological Control.
and roots said Betsy Beers an entomologist based at WSU's Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center in Wenatchee and Gontijo's mentor and co-author on the paper.
which can coat the apples causing much annoyance during harvest. The aphids were kept previously at bay
The article Flowers promote aphid suppression in apple orchards was published in the July 2013 edition of Biological Controlstory Source:
#Flower power fights orchard pestswashington State university researchers have found they can control one of fruit growers'more severe pests aphids with a remarkably benign tool:
The discovery is a boon for organic as well as conventional tree fruit growers. The researchers recently published their study in the journal Biological Control.
and roots said Betsy Beers an entomologist based at WSU's Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center in Wenatchee and Gontijo's mentor and co-author on the paper.
which can coat the apples causing much annoyance during harvest. The aphids were kept previously at bay
The article Flowers promote aphid suppression in apple orchards was published in the July 2013 edition of Biological Controlstory Source:
#Molecular basis of strawberry aromayou know that summer is here when juicy red strawberries start to appear on the shelves.
In Germany this seasonal fruit has never been more popular: on average 3. 5 kilos per head were consumed in 2012--a full kilogram more than ten years ago.
Scientists from the Technische Universitã¤t Mà nchen (TUM) decided to find out what gives strawberries their characteristic flavor.
It is not just our sense of taste that determines what a foodstuff tastes like. In fact the tongue can recognize basic tastes like sweet sour salty bitter and umami (savory.
--and strawberries provide a good example of this. The characteristic aroma of a fresh strawberry is the result of around a dozen different aroma compounds.
One of these plays a particularly important role: HDMF (4-hydroxy-25-dimethyl-3 (2h)- furanone) which is known also under the brand name Furaneol.
A ripe strawberry has a particularly high concentration of this compound--up to 50 milligrams per kilo
This compound gives the ripe fruit its characteristic caramel-like aroma. HDMF is also found in pineapples and tomatoes.
In plants the aroma develops in a multi-step pathway from the from the fruit sugar fructose.
For the strawberry aroma we investigated altogether six different enzyme-molecule combinations --and ended up understanding how Faeo produces the HDMF flavor compound explains Dr. Andr Schiefner from The chair of Biological Chemistry.
Unlike coffee or vanilla the biochemical processes that produce the strawberry aroma are very complex.
Thus biosynthetic processes might be used soon to prepare the true flavor of strawberry from fructose for example to make drinks
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