Given the present trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions agricultural models estimate that climate change will directly reduce food production from maize soybeans wheat and rice by as much as 43 percent by the end of the 21st century.
and legume forages promote cow health and improve the fatty acid profile in organic dairy products. Still said WSU researcher Dr. Charles Benbrook the study's lead author We were surprised by the magnitude of the nutritional quality differences we documented in this study.
After fruits and vegetables dairy products are the largest category of the growing $29 billion organic food sector according to the Organic Trade Association's 2013 Organic Industry Survey.
The Pandey lab also showed that G proteins function in soybean roots to affect formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules through a symbiotic relationship with certain beneficial bacteria.
These nodules allow soybean to access nitrogen from the atmosphere. The discovery which could lead to improved crops that require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer was published in Plant Physiology in May 2013.
and brought with it an appetite for crops such as cabbage and canola. Researchers have known for years that two Canadian wasp species can kill the pest moth.
Tomato variety and weather can combine to make what the researchers call a perfect storm for salmonella to proliferate in harvested tomatoes a new study shows.
It remains unclear how much each contributes to salmonella's spread but scientists say understanding the process is key to eventually curbing produce-associated outbreaks.
During the past decade fruits and vegetables have been among the foods most often linked to gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by E coli
Since 2006 at least 16 salmonella outbreaks have been linked to tomatoes cantaloupes sprouts cucumbers mangoes peanut butter and peppers in addition to frozen foods containing plant products.
Marvasi said the tomato industry follows strict protocols to prevent microbial food hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables.
Faculty members Max Teplitski George Hochmuth Jerry Bartz and Marvasi all of UF's Institute of food and agricultural sciences wanted to find out which crop production factors are associated with tomato salmonella outbreaks.
Specifically they wanted to know how irrigation levels waterlogged tomatoes and crop and pathogen genotypes affect salmonella's ability to multiply in the fruit.
They grew three types of tomatoes--Bonny Best Florida-47 and Solar Fire during three production seasons over two years in Live oak and Citra.
Tomatoes had been harvested and injected with seven strains of salmonella Marvasi said. Researchers chose those three varieties
Tomato maturity and cultivar particular strains of salmonella and seasonal differences were the strongest factors affecting proliferation.
And ripe tomatoes were more vulnerable than green tomatoes. Salmonella infection ranks among the most common foodborne illnesses often spread by raw
In 2008 federal health officials erroneously blamed a salmonella outbreak on domestically grown tomatoes but later said imported contaminated peppers were responsible.
#System developed for assessing how effective species are at pollinating cropsfrom tomatoes to pumpkins most fruit
when they were introduced first into central Chile in southern South america in 1998 as pollinators in a few greenhouses with the backing and approval of the state authorities.
Participating seniors consumed about a half-cup more fruits and vegetables daily. The findings from this study demonstrate the important role that evidence-based outcome-driven interventions play in helping consumers improve their dietary intake said Sheryl Cates the RTI project director.
and barriers to purchasing preparing and consuming fruits and vegetables. The study demonstrates that effective nutrition education programs like those supported by the Nutrition Education
#New rearing method may help control western bean cutwormthe western bean cutworm is a destructive insect pest of dry beans and corn.
However in an article in the Journal of Economic Entomology called Evaluation of Tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Among Laboratory-Reared Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera:
The new rearing procedure described in the article allowed the researchers to gather the first reported data for western bean cutworm susceptibility to Cry toxins using laboratory dose-response bioassays.
With the ability to rear western bean cutworm in the laboratory it may be possible in the future to select strains with varying levels of Cry1f toxin susceptibilities which could in turn be used to investigate the genetic basis of resistance.
#Legumes in fish feed: Can anti-nutritional substances damage health? Seeds from soya peas lupins and other legumes are protein-rich feedstuffs
which are given to normal livestock during periods of rapid growth or high egg and milk production.
Legumes are therefore appropriate ingredients for fish feed too. They are easily available on the world market and reasonably priced.
When Chikwati began work on his Phd it was well known that the commonest and cheapest soya products result in enteritis in salmon.
Chikwati set out to find out more about the mechanisms causing the effects that raw materials from legumes have on the functioning of the intestines and about what role some of the anti-nutritional agents play in causing enteritis.
when they are given feed containing soya? The answer is that after changing to a feed with soya the way the intestines function changes very quickly.
The very first change that occurred during the first two days was that the fish ate less probably
and is affected this process by temperature and by soya in feed? The answer is that the maturation of intestinal cells
The maturation of intestinal cells was delayed in fish that were given soya in their feed. The cells never reached full maturity.
How do certain anti-nutritional substances from soya affect inflammation development and the functioning of the intestines?
The answer is that saponin from soya when given together with peas resulted in the same inflammatory reaction as
when soya was given alone. This means that the saponin is the cause of the inflammation
either on its own or in combination with other components found in legumes. When saponins were given to the fish together with broad beans sunflower meal rape
and maize gluten meal they did not cause inflammation but tended to reduce the fish's utilization of nutrients in the feed.
Chikwati's studies show that other anti-nutritional agents from soya i e. lectin and trypsin inhibitor also affect the function of the intestines
and that the effects of these substances are given different when alone than when mixed together.
We use only about a fifth of that in our row-crop agriculture--cotton corn soybean wheat etc.
#How onions recognize when to bulbonions the third largest vegetable crop in the world form a bulb in response to lengthening days
however the molecular mechanisms controlling this response were known not previously. Research undertaken by Plant & Food Research and the University of Otago has identified the gene controlling bulb development the first step in discovering genetic markers that can be used as tools to screen conventional breeding programmes for new onion varieties with the right genetic
profile. The research is published in the online journal Nature Communications with related research published in Theoretical and Applied Genetics.
Commercial production of onions relies on cultivars tailored to the environment they are grow in responding to the right combination of day length
Around 90 million tonnes of onions are produced globally each year but genetic studies of onions have been limited.
Our research is now beginning to link genetics and physiology of onions allowing industry to tap into more diverse genetic resources
and breed products adapted to different and changing environments. Onion is the second largest vegetable crop in New zealand with 586000 tonnes produced each year
and generating $62 million in export revenues. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Otago.
When there's a bowl of chips right in front of you you are more likely to keep munching without really thinking about it.
-Rotate to soybean or other crops to break the corn rootworm life cycle between growing seasons. -Occasionally rotate to a non-Bt corn hybrid
and vegetables with only 57 percent of parents reporting that their child ate at least five fruit and vegetable servings the previous day.
and vegetables and to gauge how much influence parents have over what their children eat. The study's authors found that in both 2007 and 2009 about two-thirds of children between the ages of 2 and 5 ate at least one fast food meal during the previous week
and vegetables--Defying the stereotype of the vegetable-rich Asian diet Asian children were found to eat the fewest fruits
and vegetables of any group--only 40 percent ate at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day compared with 56 percent of all the state's children.
Poverty and influence--Parents living in the poorest households--those below 100 percent of the federal poverty level--were less likely than parents in all other income groups to say they have a lot of influence over
Introduction of second crops generally corn following the primary soybean crop has increased local incomes across economic sectors the report noted.
For comparison the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) also sequenced and published by the DOE JGI has a genome of about 30 Mb.
The data analysis took into account potential confounding factors such as sex race/ethnicity education history of smoking consumption of vegetables
and Gynecology at LSU Health Sciences Center New orleans and its Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center has found that a super cocktail of six natural compounds in vegetables fruits spices
The research team tested ten known protective chemical nutrients found in foods like broccoli grapes apples tofu
and turmeric root (a spice used in Indian curry) before settling upon six#Curcumin known as tumeric Isoflavone from soybeans Indo-3-Carbinol from cruciferous plants C-phycocyanin from spirulina Reservatrol from grapes and Quercetin
a flavonoid present in fruits vegetables and tea. The researchers administered these six at bioavailable levels to both breast cancer and control cells.
#¢Root vegetables and members of the onion family share many similar flavor compounds.#¢#¢Roasted turkey and fried turkey have compounds in common with apples chocolate pumpkin pecans molasses honey parsley leaves ham tomatoes and roasted vegetables.
How does cranberry sauce keep so long in a can vs freshly made?#¢#¢Canned cranberry sauce can last for as long at 2 years in an unopened can
and more likely to exercise use multivitamin supplements consume more fruits and vegetables and drink more alcohol.
The study also confirms that toenail clippings are a good biomarker of long-term exposure to arsenic from consuming alcohol Brussels sprouts and dark meat fish.
Researchers asked 852 participants about their average consumption over the previous year of 120 different foods including dairy fruits vegetables eggs meat breads beverages and baked goods.
They found arsenic in toenail clippings is linked most strongly with consumption of alcohol--especially beer for men and white wine for women--and Brussels sprouts.
and ate more Brussels sprouts had more arsenic in their toenail clippings which makes sense because alcoholic beverages can have higher arsenic content
The findings support recent studies that show high concentrations of arsenic in Brussels sprouts and related vegetables because arsenic binds to the sulfur-containing compounds that give them their characteristic odors.
and nutrition specifically eating more fruits and vegetables in addressing metabolic syndrome (MS) a common precursor to cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Our data suggests that there is a clear connection between increased body weight or the decrease in the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the development of metabolic syndrome a clustering of CVD risk factors.
and vegetables to less than 5 or more servings per day were four times more likely to develop MS. The Hearts Beat back:
and vegetables levels of physical activity and the daily use of aspirin. Data also suggests that significantly fewer people have high blood cholesterol
#High tunnel, open-field production systems compared for lettuce, tomatoin the mild coastal climate of western Washington agricultural growers are learning more about the advantages of growing popular fresh-market vegetables in high tunnel production systems.
High tunnels can offer many benefits for delicate vegetable crops including protection from environmental stresses such as hail frost excessive rainfall and high wind.
Despite these obvious benefits the use of high tunnels for growing both lettuce and tomato is limited currently in the region--estimated to be only 50 acres for tomato and less than 20 acres for lettuce.
According to Washington state University researchers Suzette Galinato and Carol Miles the adoption rate for using high tunnels is low in the region due to a lack of in-depth knowledge about specific high tunnel production
practices for tomato and lettuce the high tunnel structures best suited to each crop potential returns
and the capital investment needed to initiate and maintain high tunnel production. Results of the scenarios showed that for lettuce the labor cost per square foot of growing area was found to be six times greater in a high tunnel than in the open field.
For tomato labor costs were ten times greater in a high tunnel than in the open field.
Total labor cost comprised more than 50%of the total production costs of lettuce and tomato in both the high tunnel and open-field systems.
Given the base crop yield and average price economic analysis showed that growing lettuce in the open field is 43%more profitable than in the high tunnel
while in contrast high tunnel-grown tomato was three times more profitable than open-field tomato production.
Galinato and Miles'new study published in Horttechnology contains specific information about effective regional production practices for tomato
and lettuce variable and fixed costs of production and potential returns based on defined assumptions about high tunnel
or open-field production of each crop. The researchers convened focus groups of three to four growers in western Washington between April and November 2011.
Each focus group addressed one crop (lettuce or tomato) and one production system (open field or high tunnel).
We selected the focus group participants based on their experience in growing lettuce or tomato in open field or high tunnel and their management practices Galinato said.
To develop each crop enterprise budget scenario the groups designed a hypothetical farm situation; the types of inputs were itemized based on the production system.
The expected marketable yields of tomato and lettuce are grown higher when in a high tunnel as compared with the open field the authors said.
However the higher crop yield achieved in a high tunnel was not sufficient to offset the increased costs of production for lettuce.
The researchers noted that expected crop yield should not be the primary driving force in choosing a high tunnel productions system over the open-field system.
According to Kevin M. Crosby from Texas A&m University's Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center open-pollinated cultivars of Habanero peppers are used extensively by US growers
Small quantities of'Carotex-312'seed are available for research purposes from Crosby at the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center at Texas A&m University.
neck cancerextract taken from an Asian vegetable may have therapeutic qualities to treat head and neck cancer a Saint louis University researcher has found.
Ray found that bitter melon extract a vegetable commonly used in Indian and Chinese diets reduces the head and neck cancer cell growth in the animal model.
Bitter melon is a tropical vegetable that is commonly used in Indian and Chinese cooking. Ray who is originally from India often uses bitter melon in her meals.
People in Asia use this vegetable in stir fries salads and also drink its juice as part of a healthy diet.
#Sofrito contains substances that reduce risk of cardiovascular diseasethe combination of tomato olive oil garlic and onion in a sofrito increases the amount of polyphenols and carotenoids.
These bioactive compounds respectively help to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This is contained in a study carried out by the University of Barcelona and the CIBEROBN network Spain
The questionnaire used as a reference asked consumers how often they ate vegetables pasta rice
tomatoes onions garlic and oil. The combination of these foods equals the bio-health compounds of each one separately.
and consumption of healthy foods (i e. fruits vegetables whole grains) there was no appreciable improvement in dietary quality among SNAP participants after the initiation of benefits.
Likewise consumption of fruits and vegetables was low among all participants in the study but adults who received SNAP benefits increased their consumption of refined grains compared to those not receiving SNAP benefits.
(i e. fruits and vegetables) more cooking or nutrition education classes and restrictions for unhealthy foods specifically soda in order to help SNAP participants to eat better.
#Schools help kids choose carrots over candy barswhen schools adopt healthful nutrition policies and practices kids'diets improve.
and fat in foods and beverages as well as promote snack foods with more whole grains low-fat dairy fruits and vegetables.
or vending programs boosted their students'overall daily consumption of fruit by 26 percent vegetables by 14 percent and whole grains by 30 percent.
#Tomato therapy: Engineered veggies target intestinal lipids, improve cholesterolucla researchers report that tiny amounts of a specific type of lipid in the small intestine may play a greater role than previously thought in generating the high cholesterol levels and inflammation that lead to clogged arteries.
The team also found they could reduce the negative effects of these lipids in mice by feeding the animals a new genetically engineered tomato being developed at UCLA that is designed to mimic HDL (good) cholesterol.
The study published in the December issue of the Journal of Lipid Research with an accompanying editorial focused on a group of lipids found in the small intestine called unsaturated lysophosphatidic acids (LPAS.
Testing the tomatoesthe next step was to test the impact of the genetically engineered tomatoes on reducing the effects of these lipids in the small intestine.
The tomatoes created at UCLA produce a small peptide called 6f that mimics the action of apoa-1 the chief protein in HDL.
Researchers added 2. 2 percent (by weight) of freeze-dried tomato powder from the peptide-enhanced tomatoes to low-fat low-cholesterol mouse chow that was supplemented with LPAS.
They also added the same dose of the peptide-enhanced tomatoes to the high-fat high-cholesterol diet.
Tomatoes that did not contain the peptide had no effect. According to Fogelman the peptide-enhanced tomatoes may work in large part by reducing the amount of the LPAS in the small intestine.
Future research will focus on identifying the genes in the small intestine that are altered by the LPAS in order to find signaling pathways that may be targets for treatment.
A western diet rich in animal products and other acidogenic foods can induce an acid load that is not compensated for by fruit and vegetables;
while most fruits and vegetables form alkaline precursors that neutralise the acidity. Contrary to what is believed generally most fruits such as peaches apples pears bananas
and intake of fruit vegetables coffee and sweetened beverages suggests that dietary acids may play a specific role in promoting the development of type 2 diabetes irrespective of the foods
The method published under the title Transmitting Plant viruses Using Whiteflies is applicable to such at-risk crops as tomatoes and common bean plants.
For example the described technique is used to develop tomatoes with resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus
which is a big problem in tomato production in the southern U s . and in many parts of the world said Jane Polston the principle investigator at the University of Florida's Department of Plant pathology.
or vegetables and some tree nuts may have oral allergy syndrome. It is also known as pollen-food syndrome
and successor and proxy re-encryption keys to corresponding channels are hidden in the message in an onion header.
The layers of the onion header contain the information for the corresponding node. Scheme two provides for accountability
On one line cheesy eggs fried potatoes bacon cinnamon rolls low-fat granola low-fat yogurt and fruit were served in that exact order.
In the cheesy eggs first line selecting cheesy eggs was correlated strongly with taking potatoes and bacon.
This highlights the cultural association of eggs with bacon and/or potatoes where fruit is associated not generally with any specific food.
#Tearless onions could help in fight against cardiovascular disease, weight gainonions a key ingredient in recipes around the globe come in a tearless version that scientists are now reporting could pack health benefits like its close relative garlic which is renowned for protecting against heart disease.
which suggests a similar heart-friendly role for the tearless onions as well as a possible role in managing weight gain in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Colin C. Eady and colleagues note that the onion has a unique chemistry that leads to its tear-inducing effects when cut.
An answer could arrive in the form of a new type of onion that makes less of the protein blamed for making eyes burn
whether the new onion might also have similar positive effects on health. The scientists found that in lab tests extract from the tearless onion significantly reduced platelet clumping compared to regular onions or even garlic.
Other results showed that the new onion had about the same anti-inflammatory properties as the original.
Also preliminary testing in rats showed that the tearless onion could help control weight gain--more so than regular onions or garlic.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and vegetables sold nearby according to a study by an Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis researcher and the Marion County Public health Department.
One of the stores sold fresh fruits and vegetables while another one had a basket with a few apples
and wood chips into fuels have developed a test that should turbocharge their efforts. The new research published in October in the journal Molecular Biosystems is part of a worldwide effort to create fuels from plants that are plentiful
Attracted by the richness of the dirt settlers began to plow up the prairie more than a century and a half ago replacing the native plants with corn wheat soybeans and other crops.
#New recyclable building material, made partially from potatoes, could help solve waste problema new biodegradable and recyclable form of medium density fibreboard (MDF) has been created that could dramatically reduce the problem of future waste.
Professor Abbott and his team at the Department of chemistry at the University of Leicester have developed a new wood-based product similar to MDF that uses a resin based on starch from completely natural sources including potatoes.
The researchers have shown also that YPC may be a cost-competitive substitute for imported soya-based and similar high-value protein feeds currently used in the diets of chickens bred for meat production.
or vouchers for fruits and vegetables aimed at getting people to eat a more healthful diet.
when it came to vegetables. In addition the price of fruits and vegetables were found to affect consumption.
Researchers say understanding these family interactions in relation to price can help design more effective policy interventions.
Making fruits and vegetables more affordable and available can positively impact eating behaviors of parents
In this case knowing if these youths their parents or peers respond to price provides information we could use to develop effective ways to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Also fruits and vegetables may be more readily available within the family context than when the youth and the best friend interact--for example
and 60 percent of youths who ate a daily serving of vegetables. African-american youths are a critical audience to reach
and vegetables than other racial and ethnic groups in the United states researchers said. For the time frame examined in this study the youths were 19 years old on average an age
and we should make it easy for families to get fresh fruits and vegetables. Impact of interventionfamily interactions can increase the effects of policy-related changes.
There is a similar impact for vegetables. Because price is also a factor for parents programs that offer subsidies
which relied on legume rotations rock phosphate and limestone. There was no potash in that system. He realized that Midwest soils are well supplied with K
and promotes accumulation of this heavy metal in potato and cereal grain. This contaminates many common foods we eat--bread potatoes potato chips French fries--and some we drink such as beer.
I'm reminded of a recent clinical study that links cadmium intake to an increased risk of breast cancer.
and soybeans has resulted in severe milkweed declines and thus loss of breeding habitat. The authors suggest that the universal popularity of monarchs could encourage a market for monarch-friendly plants.
#Yields of new varieties of agricultural crops continue to increaseresearch into varieties of winter wheat spring barley potatoes grown for starch and sugar beet
whether plant breeders are still able to raise the yield of crops such as winter wheat and potatoes today.
This applied to winter wheat spring barley potatoes grown for starch and sugar beets as well as to a lesser extent to ware potatoes.
Over the period under review the yield of the breeds of winter wheat and spring barley appearing in the market for the first time increased by around one per cent per year.
and other plant species including potatoes and tomatoes. The study also has unveiled two major evolutionary events that occurred millions of years ago in the kiwifruit genome.
They then compared kiwifruit to the genomes of other representative plant species including tomato rice grape and the mustard weed Arabidopsis.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011