The most numerous species from Chogha Golan are wild barley goat-grass and lentil which are all wild ancestors of modern crops.
and lentils together with domestic animals later accompanied farmers as they spread across western Eurasia gradually replacing the indigenous hunter-gather societies.
#Getting kids to eat their veggies: A new approach to an age-old problemevery parent has a different strategy for trying to get his
or her kid to eat more vegetables from growing vegetables together as a family to banning treats until the dinner plate is clean.
and also causes them to eat more vegetables by choice. Psychological scientists Sarah Gripshover and Ellen Markman of Stanford university hypothesized that preschoolers would be capable of understanding a more conceptual approach to nutrition despite their young age.
These children also more than doubled their voluntary intake of vegetables during snack time after the three-month intervention
#Comparing genomes of wild and domestic tomatoyou say tomato I say comparative transcriptomics. Researchers in the U s. Europe and Japan have produced the first comparison of both the DNA sequences and
or being transcribed between the domestic tomato and its wild cousins. The results give insight into the genetic changes involved in domestication
and may help with future efforts to breed new traits into tomato or other crops said Julin Maloof professor of plant biology in the College of Biological sciences at the University of California Davis. Maloof is senior author on the study published June 24 in the journal Proceedings
For example breeding new traits into tomatoes often involves crossing them with wild relatives. The new study shows that a large block of genes from one species of wild tomato is present in domestic tomato
and has unexpected widespread effects across the whole genome. Maloof and colleagues studied the domestic tomato Solanum lycopersicum and wild relatives S. pennellii S. habrochaites and S. pimpinellifolium.
Comparison of the plants'genomes shows the effects of evolutionary bottlenecks Maloof noted--for example at the original domestication in South america
and later when tomatoes were brought to Europe for cultivation. Among other findings genes associated with fruit color showed rapid evolution among domesticated red-fruited tomatoes
and green-fruited wild relatives. And S. pennellii which lives in desert habitats had accelerated evolution in genes related to drought tolerance heat and salinity.
and did indeed inhibit the growth of staple crops wheat corn and soybeans. The chemical-specific changes in the soil microbial community generated a negative feedback on crop growth the scientists said noting that the chemicals also would have a direct toxic effect on other plants.
and should therefore be generated outside the mushroom body in the fly's brain: previously the nerve cells in the mushroom body were linked only with learning
and behaviour patterns that are learned based on associations. However when the scientists temporarily disabled these nerve cells hungry flies no longer showed any reaction whatsoever to carbon dioxide.
which transports the carbon dioxide information to the mushroom body. This nerve cell is crucial in triggering a flight response in hungry but not in fed animals.
In fed flies nerve cells outside the mushroom body are enough for flies to flee from the carbon dioxide.
In hungry animals however the nerve cells are in the mushroom body and the projection neuron
If mushroom body or projection neuron activity is blocked only hungry flies are concerned no longer about the carbon dioxide explains Ilona Grunwald-Kadow who headed the study.
Differences in the relative abundance of certain bacterial species in the rootworm gut help the adult rootworm beetles feed on soybean leaves
This boost in digestive finesse allows rotation-resistant beetles to survive long enough to lay their eggs in soybean fields.
In a 2012 study Seufferheld Spencer and their colleagues reported that rotation-resistant rootworm beetles were better able than their nonresistant counterparts to tolerate the defensive chemicals produced in soybeans leaves.
and survive longer on soybean plants. The researchers found that levels of key digestive enzymes differed significantly between the rotation-resistant and nonresistant rootworms
Seufferheld and his colleagues thought that microbes in the rootworms'guts might be helping them better tolerate life in a soybean field.
and to their ability to tolerate soybean plant defenses. The researchers found other parallels between the composition of gut microbes and the life history of the rootworms.
and soybean fields are the dominant components of the agricultural landscape.)To determine whether the microbes were in fact giving the rotation-resistant beetles an advantage the researchers dosed the beetles with antibiotics.
but at higher doses the rotation-resistant beetles'survival time on soybean leaves fell to that of the nonresistant beetles.
#Factors that influence spinach contamination pre-harvest determineda team of researchers from Texas and Colorado has identified a variety of factors that influence the likelihood of E coli contamination of spinach on farms prior
E coli contamination of spinach on farms in Colorado and Texas was 172 times more likely
--and the absence of grazing or hay production on the fields prior to planting spinach reduced the risk sevenfold.
The researchers assayed 955 spinach samples from 12 farms in the two states finding that generic E coli was present on 63 of them (6. 6 percent.
Of particular note the researchers tested their statistical model for spinach contamination to determine how accurately it was able to pinpoint the level of contamination.
Managing vegetables internal clocks postharvest could have health benefitsdoes your salad know what time it is?
and the University of California at Davis. Vegetables and fruits don't die the moment they are harvested said Rice biologist Janet Braam the lead researcher on a new study this week in Current Biology.
and vegetables including cabbage carrots squash and blueberries. The research is a follow-up to her team's award-winning 2012 study of the ways that plants use their internal circadian clocks to defend themselves from hungry insects.
and insect resistance and he said'Well I know what time of day I'll eat my vegetables!'
He was thinking to avoid eating the vegetables when they would be accumulating the anti-insect chemicals but
and find out whether vegetables cycle those compounds based on circadian rhythms. Arabidopsis and cabbage are related so Braam's team began their research by attempting to entrain the clocks of cabbage in the same way they had Arabidopsis.
Entrainment is akin to the process that international travelers go through as they recover from jet lag.
After flying to the other side of the globe travelers often have trouble sleeping until their internal circadian clock resets itself to the day-night cycle in their new locale.
and study lead author Danielle Goodspeed found she could entrain the circadian clocks of postharvest cabbage
Following the success with cabbage Goodspeed and co-authors John Liu and Zhengji Sheng studied spinach lettuce zucchini carrots sweet potatoes and blueberries.
We were able to entrain each of them even the root vegetables Goodspeed said. She and Braam said the findings suggest that storing fruits
and vegetables in dark trucks boxes and refrigerators may reduce their ability to keep daily rhythms.
We cannot yet say whether all-dark or all-light conditions shorten the shelf life of fruits
and vegetables Braam said. What we have shown is that keeping the internal clock ticking is advantageous with respect to insect resistance
In the cabbage experiments Braam Goodspeed and Rice co-authors John Liu Zhengji Jim Sheng and Wassim Chehab found they could manipulate cabbage leaves to increase their production of anti-insect metabolites at certain times of day.
One of these an antioxidant called glucoraphanin or 4-MSO is known a anticancer compound that has been studied previously in broccoli and other vegetables.
Braam's team has begun already follow-up research which is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation into whether light and other stimuli like touch may be used to enhance pest resistance of food crops in developing countries.
Several of the species from the family have economic importance with their larva living in the soil and feeding on the bases of some crops such as lettuce and cabbage.
Who knows did she eat chips there or a kebab roll? She then flew to the north Sea
But new observations of a nearby active galaxy called NGC 3783 harnessing the power of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at ESO's Paranal Observatory in Chile 2 have given a team of astronomers a surprise.
and soybean--are increasing 0. 9-1. 6 percent every year. At these rates production of these crops would likely increase 38-67 percent by 2050 rather than the estimated requirement of 60-110 percent.
In the fruit fly the ability to distinguish smells lies in a region of the brain called the mushroom body (MB.
Imaging a population code for odor identity in the Drosophila mushroom body is published online in Journal of Neuroscience on June 19 2013.
Illinois has a lot of land that is subpar for corn and soybeans such as the southern part of state and northern parts of the state along rivers.
Although the plant they studied is the Arabidopsis thaliana related to cabbage and mustard ethylene functions as a key hormone in all plants he adds.
Using a technique known as Chip-Seq the researchers exposed Arabidopsis to ethylene and identified all the regions of the plant genome that bound to EIN3
most vegetables; cool-season grasses and grains such as timothy alfalfa wheat oats barley and rice;
soybeans; non-grassy herbs and forbs. C4 plants are warm-season or tropical grasses and sedges and their seeds leaves or storage organs like roots and tubers.
Today North americans eat about half C3 plants including vegetables fruits and grains such as wheat oats rye and barley and about half C4
An artificial application of (Z)- 3-or (E)- 2-hexenol (E)- 2-hexanal or 1-hexanol to potato plants lead to a disoriented behavior observed in egg-laying potato beetles.
so cacao growers are keen to improve the quality of cacao beans exported from Ecuador.
and cacao beans harvested from the plants'pods are used to produce chocolate as well as in the confectionary and cosmetic industries.
Activity of this gene called Egr quickly increases in a region of the brain known as the mushroom bodies
wheat maize rice barley rye millet sorghum soybean sunflower potato cassava sugarcane sugar beet oil palm rapeseed (canola) and groundnut (peanut.
The'healthy Nordic diet'used in the study contains local produce such as berries root vegetables legumes and cabbage.
The rest of the group ate butter instead of rapeseed oil less berries and vegetables and had no rules on red meat or white bread intake.
Ragweed mugwort plantain and pigweed have more than just their unappealing appearance in common--they're some of the worst offenders to allergy sufferers said Robert Valet M d. assistant professor of Medicine and an allergist at Vanderbilt University Medical center's Asthma
Common weed allergens include ragweed lamb's quarter pigweed English plantain and mugwort. This year the pollen count is proving to be high in Nashville according to Valet.
ME DEADLY family of proteins (KMDS)# that may help to improve production of fruits vegetables and grains.
#Tomatoes: The worlds favorite fruit, only better-tasting and longer-lastingtomatoes said to be the world's most popular fruit can be made both better-tasting and longer-lasting thanks to UK research with purple GM varieties.
Working with GM tomatoes that are different to normal fruit only by the addition of a specific compound allows us to pinpoint exactly how to breed in valuable traits said Professor Cathie Martin from the John Innes Centre.
and colleagues studied tomatoes enriched in anthocyanin a natural pigment that confers high antioxidant capacity The purple GM tomatoes have already been found to prolong the lives of cancer-prone mice
and in the latest findings they also more double the normal shelf life of tomatoes from an average of 21 days to 48 days.
One way to improve shelf life is to pick tomatoes early when they are still green
and softening achieving a tomato with a long shelf life and full flavour. The purple tomatoes were also less susceptible to one of the most important postharvest diseases grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea.
Conventional tomatoes can now be screened for their antioxidant capacity. Those found to be highest in antioxidant compounds can be used as parental lines for breeding.
Our research has identified a new target for breeders to produce tomato varieties that are fuller in flavour
and so more appealing to consumers and more valuable commercially due to increased shelf life said Martin. The findings could also be applied to other soft fruit such as strawberries and raspberries.
Other varieties of JIC tomatoes high in a variety of compounds such as those found in red wine are being used by Essex company Biodeb to develop a range of skincare products.
and vegetables depends on animal pollination and we know that most crop pollination is done by wild pollinators.
The fruits and vegetables we buy from the grocery today were passed down from generation to generation as favorable and nutritious for the human body.
On the flip side outcomes were not favorable for our ancestors who ate poisonous mushrooms for example he said.
In addition to grapefruit Zhang and his team analyzed the nanoparticles from tomatoes and grapes. Grapefruits were chosen for further exploration
#Whodunnit of Irish potato famine solvedan international team of scientists reveals that a unique strain of potato blight they call HERB-1 triggered The irish potato famine of the mid-nineteenth century.
The researchers examined the historical spread of the funguslike oomycete Phytophthora infestans known as The irish potato famine pathogen.
Only in the twentieth century after new potato varieties were introduced was replaced HERB-1 by another Phytophthora infestans strain US-1. The scientists found several connections with historic events.
The international team came to these conclusions after deciphering the entire genomes of 11 historical samples of Phytophthora infestans from potato leaves collected over more than 50 years.
Because of the remarkable DNA quality and quantity in the herbarium samples the research team could evaluate the entire genome of Phytophthora infestans and its host the potato within just a few weeks.
when the first resistant potato varieties were bred at the beginning of the twentieth century speculates Yoshida. What is for certain is that these findings will greatly help us to understand the dynamics of emerging pathogens.
and vegetables and exercise more on days when they communicate more with their parents according to researchers at Penn State.
or played sports and how many times they ate fruits or vegetables. The team found that on days
and vegetables and 50 percent more likely to engage in 30 minutes or more of physical activity.
#Do potatoes grow on vines? A review of the wild relatives of some favorite food plantsthe Solanaceae also called the potato
or nightshade family includes a wide range of flowering plants some of which are important agricultural crops.
Tomatoes potatoes aubergines peppers and wolfberries are all representatives of the family present on many tables across the world.
The species-rich Genus solanum has remained remarkably underexplored until relatively recently despite the economic importance of some of its members such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.
Two of the most well-known decorative representatives of the group featured in the study are S. crispum also known as Chilean potato vine or Chilean nightshade and S. laxum commonly called potato climber or jasmine nightshade.
Both of these species are native to South america--S. crispum from Chile and S. laxum from southern Brazil and Argentina--but are cultivated today all over the world.
#Do potatoes grow on vines? A review of the wild relatives of some favorite food plantsthe Solanaceae also called the potato
or nightshade family includes a wide range of flowering plants some of which are important agricultural crops.
Tomatoes potatoes aubergines peppers and wolfberries are all representatives of the family present on many tables across the world.
The species-rich Genus solanum has remained remarkably underexplored until relatively recently despite the economic importance of some of its members such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.
Two of the most well-known decorative representatives of the group featured in the study are S. crispum also known as Chilean potato vine or Chilean nightshade and S. laxum commonly called potato climber or jasmine nightshade.
Both of these species are native to South america--S. crispum from Chile and S. laxum from southern Brazil and Argentina--but are cultivated today all over the world.
HDMF is also found in pineapples and tomatoes. In plants the aroma develops in a multi-step pathway from the from the fruit sugar fructose.
U. gibba has about 28500 genes comparable to relatives like grape and tomato which have much larger genomes of about 490 and 780 million base pairs respectively.
since its evolutionary lineage split from that of tomato. That is at three distinct times in the course of its evolution the bladderwort's genome doubled in size with offspring receiving two full copies of the species'entire genome.
--and there are dozens--sacred lotus bears the closest resemblance to the ancestor of all eudicots a broad category of flowering plants that includes apple cabbage cactus coffee cotton grape melon peanut poplar
soybean sunflower tobacco and tomato. The plant lineage that includes the sacred lotus forms a separate branch of the eudicot family tree
but will also inflict climate feedbacks that will decrease the productivity of pasture and soybeans.
Furthermore increasing temperatures could cause a reduction in soybean yield by 24 per cent in a governance scenario and by 28 per cent under a business-as usual scenario.
Jeff W. Chou Ph d. Mark C. Willingham M d. Jimmy Ruiz M d. James P. Vaughn Ph d. Purnima Dubey Ph d. and Timothy L
and tomatoes may reduce risk of developing Parkinson's. Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by a loss of brain cells that produce dopamine.
#Soy and tomato may be effective in preventing prostate cancertomatoes and soy foods may be more effective in preventing prostate cancer
Even so half the animals that had consumed tomato and soy had no cancerous lesions in the prostate at study's End all mice in the control group--no soy no tomato--developed the disease said John Erdman a U of I professor of food science and nutrition.
From the time they were 4 to 18 weeks old the animals were fed one of four diets:(
1) 10 percent whole tomato powder;(2) 2 percent soy germ;(3) tomato powder plus soy germ;
and (4) a control group that ate neither tomato nor soy. The 4-to 18-week time frame modeled an early and lifelong exposure to the bioactive components in these foods he said.
Eating tomato soy and the combination all significantly reduced prostate cancer incidence. But the combination gave us the best results.
Only 45 percent of mice fed both foods developed the disease compared to 61 percent in the tomato group and 66 percent in the soy group he said.
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men but the disease has nearly a 100 percent survival rate
How much soy and tomato should a 55-year-old man concerned about prostate health eat in order to receive these benefits?
The results of the mouse study suggest that three to four servings of tomato products per week
According to the scientists these findings reinforce the recommendation that we should all eat a wide variety of whole fruits and vegetables.
It's better to eat a whole tomato than to take a lycopene supplement. It's better to drink soy milk than to take soy isoflavones.
He noted that soy germ has a very different isoflavone profile than the rest of the soybean.
#Differences between marathon mice and couch potato mice reveal key to muscle fitnessresearchers discovered that small pieces of genetic material called micrornas link the two defining characteristics of fit muscles:
and the couch potato mouse--to make this discovery. But what's more they also found that active people have higher levels of one of these micrornas than sedentary people.
Marathon vs. couch potato micefit muscle is known for its ability to do two things: 1) burn fat and sugars and2) switch between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles.
The second model known as the couch potato mouse produces a different muscle-gene regulator called PPARÎ.
First the team found that PPARÎ couch potato mice have the optimal metabolic switch but lack the muscle fiber switch.
By comparison this same circuitry is suppressed in couch potato mice. Digging a little deeper Kelly's team determined that PPARÎ/Î'is connected to micrornas via an intermediary called estrogen-related receptor (ERRÎ.
and have more type I muscle fibers than couch potato mice--their PPARÎ/Î 'and ERRÎ induce the right micrornas.
Even when other known means of communication such as contact chemical and light-mediated signals are blocked chilli seeds grow better when grown with basil plants.
Monica Gagliano and Michael Renton from the University of Western australia attempted to grow chilli seeds (Capsicum annuum) in the presence or absence of other chilli plants or basil (Ocimum basilicum.
A partial response was seen for fully grown chilli plants blocked from known communication with the seeds.
Bad neighbors such as fennel prevent chilli seed germination in the same way. We believe that the answer may involve acoustic signals generated using nanomechanical oscillations from inside the cell
and vegetables do not carry bacteria or viruses that can make us sick. But in California's Salinas Valley some more vigorous interventions are cutting into the last corners of wildlife habitat and potentially threatening water quality without evidence of food safety benefits.
Check the back of your bag of spinach or prepackaged salad greens and you'll probably find that they came from the Salinas Valley.
Salad is big business in California. In the aftermath of a deadly 2006 Escherichia coli serotype O157:
H7 outbreak traced to California spinach growers and distributers of leafy greens came together to create the California Leafy Green Handler Marketing Agreement (LGMA) on best practices for the industry enforced by third-party auditors and inspectors.
But in surveys farmers report pressure from auditors to implement fences and bare ground buffers around spinach lettuce and other leafy greens.
and vegetables consistently correlate with reduced hypertension. In this study conducted at the University of Michigan Health System hypertensive heart failure-prone rats were fed a grape-enriched diet for 18 weeks.
#Diet, anti-aging supplements may help reverse blood vessel abnormalitya diet low in grains beans and certain vegetables--combined with anti-aging supplements--improved blood vessel function in a study presented at the American Heart Association's Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2013 Scientific Sessions.
The blood vessel abnormality or endothelial dysfunction occurs when cells lining the interior wall of blood vessels malfunction.
The restricted foods included grains beans fruit poultry and plants belonging to the nightshade family
which includes tomatoes. At the same time patients consumed plenty of leafy greens shellfish and fish olive oil and grass-fed animal protein
Despite the study's findings consumers shouldn't eliminate tomatoes or other healthy foods from their diets said the American Heart Association which recommends consuming a diet with plenty of fruits vegetables whole grains and fish.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Heart Association. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
What we discovered she says is how a dying plant generates a chemical message for the next generation telling dormant seeds it's time to sprout.
including close relatives of globally important food crops such as sunflower bean sweet potato and strawberry. The findings which were published today (Apr 29) in the journal Crop science are good news for plant breeders who've relied increasingly in recent years on the wild kin of domesticated crops as new sources of disease resistance drought tolerance
U s. wild relatives of the world's most important food crops--including strawberry sunflower sweet potato bean stone fruits
For one although North america is itself not a major center of crop plant diversity it abuts one--Mesoamerica--where crops like corn bean squash
and chili pepper originated and whose relatives spill across the border. Many wild species in temperate parts of the United states also share close kinship with crops like hops
#Ecological knowledge offers perspectives for sustainable agriculturea smart combination of different crops such as beans and maize can significantly cut the use of crop protection agents
whereas if there are roots of beans close by the maize roots will grow towards them.
and soybean even as the same products are imported because there is insufficient capacity to produce them by conventional means at home.
and quality of the food itself and apart from root crops such as potatoes and carrots these are easily visible aboveground traits.
and soya bean expansion) and the greatest reduction in deforestation rates (associated with government policies and macroeconomic factors) in the Amazon write the editors of the issue who include Neill's collaborator Michael T. Coe of Woods Hole Research center.
Neill's study looked specifically at the impacts of soybean agriculture on water quality and quantity at Tanguro Ranch a nearly 200000-acre farm similar in climate
and geography to large tracts of the Amazon where soybean production largely for export as animal feed is expanding rapidly.
The ranch has watersheds that are forested entirely as well as watersheds that are now entirely soybean cropland allowing for a comparison.
Right now most soybean fields are fertilized not with nitrogen. But that will change because the Amazon is poised for large increases in nitrogen fertilizer use as double-cropping (soybeans plus corn) becomes more prevalent Neill says.
So it's quite possible we will see greater effects on water quality in the future. The study also noted impacts of deforestation on the quantity of water entering streams.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011