but more recently have planted soybeans Numata explained. To expand production they simply cleared more forest area.
#Why you need olive oil on your salada diet that combines unsaturated fats with nitrite-rich vegetables such as olive oil
and lettuce can protect you from hypertension suggests a new study led by King's college London. The findings published in the journal PNAS help to explain why some previous studies have shown that a Mediterranean diet can reduce blood pressure.
and avocados along with vegetables like spinach celery and carrots that are rich in nitrites and nitrates.
When these two food groups are combined the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with nitrogen compounds in the vegetables results in the formation of nitro fatty acids.
and vegetables abundant in nitrite and nitrate comes at least in part from the nitro fatty acids generated
which are found in certain species of fish as well as some nuts and green vegetables. Introducing into mammals the capacity to convert nonessential nutrients into essential fats could lead to new sustainable
One compound nitrate is a major component of inorganic fertilizers that has helped make the area encompassed by the Mississippi river network the biggest producer of corn soybeans wheat cattle
#Eating more fruits, vegetables may cut stroke risk worldwideeating more fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of stroke worldwide according to new research in the American Heart Association's journal Stroke.
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 20 studies published over the last 19 years to assess the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on risk of stroke globally.
and 11 percent with every 200 grams of vegetables consumed each day. Improving diet and lifestyle is critical for heart
In particular a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is recommended highly because it meets micronutrient and macronutrient and fiber requirements without adding substantially to overall energy requirements.
The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables applied consistently to men and women stroke outcome
and vegetables up to 600 grams each day could reduce the burden of ischemic stroke by 19 percent globally according to the World health organization.
The American Heart Association advises the average adult to eat four to five servings each of fruits and vegetables daily based on a 2000-calorie diet.
A diet rich in a variety of colors and types of vegetables and fruits is a way of getting important nutrients that most people don't get enough of including vitamins minerals and dietary fiber.
The inoculation kills the entire tree including the sprouts. The researchers report their results in a recent issue of Phytopathology.
It's important that the sprouts are killed too because tree-of-heaven has an extensive system of sprouts that spread just above the ground surface
The sprouts can immediately grow even if the top canopy of trees dies. Don Davis professor of plant pathology Penn State said that in 2003 he noticed a large number of tree-of-heaven deaths in a southwestern Pennsylvania forest.
We pretend to be airplanes we sing songs with words rhyming with broccoli and we sometimes resort to extolling the virtues of Popeye
and his spinach dependency--all in an effort to get kids to eat their veggies. But new research by University of Chicago Booth School of business Professor Ayelet Fishbach pinpoints one of the problems:
So telling them that the carrots will make them grow tall (or make them smarter) actually makes them not want to eat the carrots.
If you want them to eat the carrots you should just give the kids the carrots
and either mention that they are tasty or just say nothing. The researchers completed five experiments with 270 preschoolers in which an experimenter read picture stories about a girl who had some food for a snack.
#Homemade stink bug traps squash store-bought models, researchers finda Virginia Tech team of researchers has proven that homemade inexpensive stink bug traps crafted from simple
These bugs have been documented to feed on many of our important agricultural crops including apples peaches grapes soybean peppers tomatoes corn and cotton.
and vegetables school children eat. This is the finding of research by Dr Michael Duncan and colleagues at Coventry University presented today Thursday 8 may 2014 at The british Psychological Society annual conference at the International Convention Centre Birmingham.
The results showed that children who took part in the school-based gardening project ate 26 per cent more fruit and vegetables.
and legumes will become significantly less nutritious than they are today. The new findings are reported in the journal Nature.
Eight institutions from Australia Israel Japan and the United states contributed to the analysis. The researchers looked at multiple varieties of wheat rice field peas soybeans maize
Zinc and iron went down significantly in wheat rice field peas and soybeans. Wheat and rice also saw notable declines in protein content at higher CO2.
It's time to send your college students care packages of fruit veggies and exercise gear instead.
and vegetables (five or more servings a day) and more than 60 percent report not getting enough physical activity (three
#New face of tofu: Quick, easy, keeps you trimtofu has long been a favorite among vegetarians and families with eastern ancestry.
But now Tofu is becoming a bigger part of western diets especially with 20-something women who want dishes that are quick easy to cook
A new Cornell study published this May in Eating Behaviorsinvolving 502 young women (20-35 years old) showed that tofu lovers saw it as a great source of light inexpensive energizing protein.
Importantly they also believed you could cook firm Tofu just like chicken but you didn't have to worry about it spoiling said co-author Adam Brumberg.
Although Tofu is high in calcium and has no cholesterol most of these women didn't eat it for its healthy qualities.
Instead they ate Tofu because it is convenient and filling. The study also uncovered some interesting insights into how Tofu lovers can get their reluctant friends and family members to try new foods like Tofu.
The non-users in the group tended to have a number of misconceptions about Tofu. While women in the study who already cooked Tofu were twice as likely to think of it as a great source of protein
and an easy-to-cook food the non-users thought Tofu was difficult to cook needed special extra ingredients
and was expensive; in fact many estimated prices being as much as one dollar per pound higher than beef
when asked to estimate the cost of a 1 pound block of Tofu. However the most interesting finding was
what techniques were effective in getting the non-users to consider adding Tofu to their shopping carts.
Telling them all of the positive health and diet related aspects of Tofu such as being high in protein
and calcium or that it has no cholesterol only resulted in a 12%increase in the likelihood of purchase.
and having them read the phrase Cooks Like Chicken made the non-users almost 50%more likely to say they'd be willing to try cooking with Tofu at home!
The study also showed that the three most popular uses of Tofu were Tofu Scramble Stir fry
Although Tofu is sold in different firmness levels the study's sponsor House Foods America indicated that the firm
and extra firm Tofu are the most popular among new Tofu converts. What's the key take away of this study?
or family member to join you in becoming a Tofu lover don't belabor its health benefits;
In no time they'll be making Tofu Scramble Stir fry and all the other dishes the Tofu lovers in the study listed as big parts of their diets.
and vegetables depriving them of the health benefits of those foods. However the government provides assistance such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants
and inclusion of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables to maximize convenience. The study took place in the form of focus groups in areas of metro Phoenix with high WIC enrollment.
and detract from convenient redemption of CVV for fruits and vegetables. The researchers suggest future studies examine the prevalence of the issues raised by the participants the impact of new strategies to improve WIC
#Lots of fruits, vegetables, but lots of high-fat snacks: Home food environment of overweight womenthe home is an important microenvironment in models of obesity
The women all of whom lived with at least 1 other person reported an average of 14 types of fruits and vegetables in their home 4. 6 unhealthy foods in the home during the past week and 1. 8
although fruit and vegetables in the home were plentiful the methods of preparation and availability of high-calorie foods in the home may be contributing to obesity.
The findings show how a simple mechanism allows an insect the pea aphid to regulate the manufacturing of essential nutrients supplied by its symbiotic bacteria called Buchnera aphidicola.
The pea aphid feeds on plant sap. Its diet is deficient in essential nutrients called amino acids.
To help answer this question the researchers looked at amino acids that are fundamental to the pea aphid-Buchnera symbiotic function.
and it's deficient in the pea aphid's diet. Glutamine is ferried across a membrane that surrounds the cells where the bacteria lives by an amino acid transporter named Apglnt1.
and where it is localized in the pea aphid the researchers built a model that describes how the amino acid factory responds to supply and demand.
when there is a buildup of arginine in the pea aphid arginine binds to Apglnt1 and inhibits glutamine uptake.
A remarkably basic mechanism regulates the biosynthesis of symbiont-produced arginine in response to the needs of the pea aphid.
The ESR also imports up to 75-80%of its fruits and vegetables from distant places like California.
and vegetables and there are a substantial number of people who are food insecure. Add in uncertainties like climate change and volatile transportation prices and it's clear why many people think the ESR should meet more of its own food needs.
potato. Why potato? It's a staple food for one and yet the ESR grows only about 30%of the potatoes it consumes according to U s. Census data.
Fleisher's team has also been working on potato crop model for a decade now making it a good first candidate for integrating into GAMCAF.
When the team used GAMCAF to predict how many potatoes the Eastern Seaboard could produce if all of its farmland was devoted to this single commodity they found the production capacity could be increased by as much as 40%over baseline values.
Capacity did drop off significantly from north to south --which was expected because potato is a cool-season crop
--and lower yields were correlated also with denser high clay soils. Another key finding centered on water management.
Increasing irrigation particularly in areas where potato farms are typically rain-fed such as Pennsylvania could result in substantial yield increases Fleisher says.
Of course these scenarios are hypothetical--the ESR would never put all of its farmland into just one commodity.
for example where in the ESR does potato grow best versus corn or soybean or broccoli?
#Tomato turf wars: Benign bug beats salmonella; tomato eaters winscientists from the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified a benign bacterium that shows promise in blocking Salmonella from colonizing raw tomatoes.
Their research is published ahead of print in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. When applied to Salmonella-contaminated tomato plants in a field study the bacterium known as Paenibacillus alvei significantly reduced the concentration of the pathogen compared to controls.
Outbreaks of Salmonella traced to raw tomatoes have sickened nearly 2000 people in the US from 2000-2010 killing three.
The conditions in which tomatoes thrive are also the conditions in which Salmonella thrives says coauthor Eric W. Brown also of FDA
if we could block Salmonella from infecting the tomato plant we could reduce its risk of infecting the person who eats the tomato.
Many innocuous bacterial species thrive within the tomato-growing environment. We hypothesized that such an organism could be found that possessed the ability to outcompete
The structures'passive heating and cooling capabilities can offer growers a cost-effective way to extend the growing season for high-value crops such as fruits vegetables and cut flowers.
A new study recommends the best high tunnel designs for growing lettuce and spinach during the winter season in the southwestern United states. Using high tunnels can be an important advantage to local farmers helping to extend growing seasons for fruits
and vegetables as well as allowing them to offer locally grown products during off seasons. The authors of a new study published in Horttechnology say that extending the season with high tunnels has added the benefits of providing farmers with a more constant income flow
and the ability to do better market planning. Mark Uchanski and colleagues from New mexico State university evaluated three models of high tunnels for winter production of spinach and lettuce.
Our (research) emphasis was on low-cost practical structures that are applicable to farmers with limited resources
and yield of spinach and lettuce planted at two different dates in each tunnel. The team conducted economic analyses in order to develop a risk model to determine relative probability of profitability of each tunnel design.
The single-layer and double-layer designs appear to be the more appropriate technology for both locations for spinach
whereas the third model (double layer with water barrels) might be a reasonable option for lettuce in more-northern locations Uchanski said.
and soybean yields over the next half-century according to research published today in the journal Science. Corn yields could drop by 15 to 30 percent according to the paper's estimates;
soybean yield losses would be less severe. North carolina State university's Roderick Rejesus associate professor of agricultural and resource economics and a co-author of the Science paper says that corn
and soybean yields show increasing sensitivity to drought with yields struggling in dry conditions in Iowa Illinois and Indiana during the 1995 to 2012 study period.
U s. corn and soybeans account for approximately 40 and 35 percent of global production respectively making the results important to the world's food supply.
Using field data over an 18-year period the researchers point to the effects of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on corn and soybean yields.
In addition to dairy products other calcium-rich foods include tofu sardines salmon and some green vegetables. The study underscores the work of previous researchers who have shown that many African american children do not get the recommended levels of calcium in their diet.
and Hiroyuki Miura from Tokyo University of Agriculture reported on a prototypic method known as basal wire coiling that shows potential as a simple and effective method for increasing the sugar concentration in tomato fruit juice.
Takahata and Miura's study involved coiling bonsai wire around the stems of tomato seedlings between the cotyledon node and the first leaf node.
and reduced competition for photosynthates resulting from the basal wire coiling technique could increase sugar concentrations in tomato fruit juice.
Takahata and Miura recommended further studies to determine the practical application of basal wire coiling for tomato production;
but the options for controlling annual broadleaf weeds in summer squash are limited currently. The authors of a new study say that both organic
and squash yields of yellow squash. Although pelargonic acid is not listed as a'certified organic'herbicide it is seen as a more natural type herbicide for use in sustainable crop production explained Webber.
The researchers designed experiments in which pelargonic acid (PA) was applied to'Enterprise'yellow squash (unshielded postdirected) at 5-10-and 15-lb/acre.
#Fungus implicated in potato blightscientists at the Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and development Neiker-Tecnalia led by the Doctor in Biology Josã Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta have identified for the first time the existence in à lava-Araba
That is why Neiker-Tecnalia is carrying out surveying work in all the potato producing zones across Spain to study
The blight cuts world potato production by approximately 15-20%according to estimates by the International Potato Centre located in Lima (Peru)
Over last summer Phytophthora infestans samples were collected in potato crops affected by the blight in five producing areas across à lava-Araba:
But the biggest problem for potato growers lies in sexual reproduction since this produces new races of the fungus that attack the plants in a more virulent way
Exposing the whitefly to a heady aroma of cucumber courgette watercress watermelon cabbage and bean the team found the insects became temporarily disorientated.
Like other insect pests whitefly feed by pushing their long mouthpiece--or stylets--into the leaf until it reaches the plant's main source of nutrients travelling through the phloem.
Researchers behind a new comprehensive school nutrition and wellness program say you get further by offering kids a carrot--literally in this case--by giving them reasons to be excited about fruits
and vegetables rather than harping about what they should avoid such as sugar-sweetened beverages. In a randomized control study the researchers found 4th-graders who participated in the nutrition program ate substantially more fruits
and vegetables and lowered their body mass index (BMI) during the school year that the program was implemented.
or fewer servings of vegetables per day at the start of the study increased their vegetable intake by 40 percent.
or being able to identify more vegetables. We always had a long-term goal of decreasing BMI
Most children do not meet current dietary guidelines for eating fruits and vegetables. Rachel Scherr will present the findings during the Experimental Biology 2014 meeting on Sunday April 27.
and vegetables exert their healthful benefits by capturing reactive oxygen molecules. Under normal healthy conditions when no oxidative stress response is needed an enzyme called Keap1 constantly chews up Nrf2 keeping its level low.
Then under stress from reactive oxygen molecules or when you eat antioxidants from certain plants like broccoli sprouts it prevents Keap1 from eating up Nrf2 allowing it to accumulate in the cell explained Zhang who is also a member of the UA BIO5 Institute.
which is why you should always eat your broccoli she stressed. The study Hrd1 suppresses Nrf2-mediated cellular protection during liver cirrhosis is published in the April 1 issue of the journal Genes and Development.
%The EU could become a major exporter of food products instead of a major importer of for example soy beans.
me out to the ballgameâ##doesnâ##t exactly conjure up images of apple slices and kale chips.
The more likely culprits include French fries soda and the occasional box of Crackerjacks. Unfortunately for children who play youth baseball eating unhealthy food during practices and games may be contributing to weight problems according to researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center.
The researchers found that most snacks were high-calorie food items including French fries candy and cookies and most beverages were sugar-sweetened.
for instance from exotic tomatoes or pineapples of which there are a great variety--but also from any other fruit or vegetable that is a part of our diet.
The work focused on bacteria known as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 which can ruin tomatoes as well as Arabidopsis.
The bacteria employ a molecular system known as the Type 3 Secretion System or T3ss to infect plants.
In tomatoes the infection leads to unsightly brown spots. Peck's team at the University of Missouri had discovered a mutant type of the plant known as Arabidopsis mkp1
While Peck's study focused on bacteria known mostly for damaging tomatoes the findings also could have implications for people.
Also a better understanding of the signals that microbes use helps scientists who rely on such organisms for converting materials like switchgrass and wood chips into useable fuel.
and eggs are the most popular alternative followed by beans/lentils/legumes (FMI 2014). Dairy-free milks including soy rice
#Birthplace of the domesticated chili pepper identified in Mexicocentral-east Mexico gave birth to the domesticated chili pepper--now the world's most widely grown spice crop--reports an international team of researchers led by a plant scientist at the University of California Davis
. Results from the four-pronged investigation--based on linguistic and ecological evidence as well as the more traditional archaeological and genetic data--suggest a regional rather than a geographically specific birthplace for the domesticated chili pepper.
The region also is different from areas of origin that have been suggested for common bean and corn
Identifying the origin of the chili pepper is not just an academic exercise said UC Davis plant scientist Paul Gepts the study's senior author.
For this chili pepper study the researchers used these two traditional approaches but also considered historical languages looking for the earliest linguistic evidence that a cultivated chili pepper existed.
They also developed a model for the distribution of related plant species to predict the areas most environmentally suitable for the chili pepper and its wild ancestors.
The genetic evidence seemed to point more to northeastern Mexico as the chili pepper's area of domestication;
however there was collectively more evidence from all four lines of study supporting the central-east region as the area of origin.
and soybean rotations without cover crops small grains and forages may not be increasing soil organic carbon stocks at the published rates. â#oesome studies have shown that both moldboard
and vegetables and chronic disease prevention and pointed to research centers in the U s. that are making links between farmers biologists and chemists grocers health care practitioners and consumers.
Only 4 percent of respondents reported having an aversion for vegetables 3 percent for fruit and 1 percent for tinned fish.
However between 20-30%of these are caused by people eating contaminated vegetables as was seen in the 2011 outbreak in Europe that caused 53 deaths.
H7 is able to colonise the roots of both spinach and lettuce. Dr Nicola Holden who led the research says:
While outbreaks of vegetable-associated E coli outbreaks are rare in the UK as a result of strict control measures at all stages of the food chain from plough to plate they do still occur as was seen in 2013
when contaminated watercress entered the food chain resulting in seven people being hospitalised. By understanding the mechanisms of how the bacteria interact with plants the researchers are hoping to find targeted ways to stop the binding reducing the risk of food contamination.
Examples include true yams cassava breadfruit and malangas. Their preparation such as fried mashed or boiled was also important.
The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) is a new investigation with edible results heading to the space station.
Veggie is a deployable plant growth unit capable of producing salad-type crops to provide the crew with appetizing nutritious and safe fresh food
The Veggie unit provides lighting and nutrient delivery but uses the cabin environment on the space station for temperature control and as a source of carbon dioxide to promote growth.
Veggie can support a variety of studies used to determine how plants sense and respond to gravity.
With continued plant growth studies aboard the space station using facilities like Veggie crews may one day consume produce during long-term missions in low-Earth orbit
or to an asteroid or Mars. The Veggie unit's growth volume will be the largest volume available to date for plant growth on the space station
Some investigations will be enjoyed for years to come like the fresh veggies that one day will be grown in space for future crews to eat as they explore beyond Earth's orbit.
or soya so they could be used to feed humans or animals solasenol (used to produce vitamins E and K) and xanthophylls (an additive in chicken feeds).
#Lettuce rejoice! Scientists grow longer lasting saladresearchers at the University of Southampton have helped to produce salads with a longer shelf-life.
which regions of the lettuce genome were responsible for these desirable characteristics. As a result of this research the scientists have initiated a breeding programme in
#Chips with olestra cause body toxins to dip, study findsaccording to a clinical trial led by University of Cincinnati researchers a snack food ingredient called olestra has been found to speed up the removal of toxins in the body.
The trial demonstrated that olestra--a zero-calorie fat substitute found in low-calorie snack foods such as Pringles--could reduce the levels of serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) in people who had been exposed to PCBS.
and was introduced in snack foods (most notably Pringles) in 1996. Early reports of indigestion issues however prompted reformulation of the product prior to its market entry.
According to the results the half who ate the olestra chips had a PCB rate of decrease of 8 percent an eightfold increase in the rate of removal prior to the study compared with those who ate the chips with vegetable oil who had a 1 percent
and the environmental benefits achievable by growing corn soybean and winter wheat under regimes that use one third of the usual amount of fertilizer--or none at all--with cover crops fertilizing the fields in winter.
Natural compound from green tomatoes increases muscle, protects against muscle wastingas unlikely as it sounds green tomatoes may hold the answer to bigger stronger muscles.
Using a screening method that previously identified a compound in apple peel as a muscle-boosting agent a team of University of Iowa scientists has discovered now that tomatidine a compound from green tomatoes is even more potent for building muscle and protecting
Designing healthier foodsan attractive aspect of tomatidine is that it is a natural compound derived from tomatoes.
and in green tomatoes in particular is digested in the gut. Green tomatoes are safe to eat in moderation.
But we don't know how many green tomatoes a person would need to eat to get a dose of tomatidine similar to
what we gave the mice. We also don't know if such a dose of tomatidine will be safe for people
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