Synopsis: 2.0.. agro: Vegetables:


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drought tolerance in cowpeascowpeas known as black-eyed peas in the U s. are an important and versatile food legume grown in more than 80 countries.

New and improved varieties of cowpeas have numerous adaptive traits of agronomic importance such as 60-70 day maturity drought tolerance heat tolerance aphid resistance

Dr. B b. Singh a visiting scholar and cowpea breeder with the Texas A&m soil and crop sciences department;

or SNP markers the latest DNA marker technology enabling efficient manipulation of heat and drought tolerances in cowpeas and related species Zhang said.

Cowpeas were chosen for the study because they are a high protein grain vegetable fodder and high nitrogen-fixing legume that can be intercropped with corn cotton

and other crops in many countries including the U s. Zhang said. We know it is highly tolerant to drought heat

and drought tolerances in cowpea and related species. Zhang said they have developed already a mapping population of 110 recombinant inbred lines from a cross of two cowpea lines that are highly tolerant or susceptible to both drought and high temperature.


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To collect sheath saliva the scientists placed organic grape tomatoes in the cages. After two days of stink bug feeding they removed the tomatoes from the cages

and used forceps to extract the hardened sheaths from the surfaces of the tomatoes. They then processed

and analyzed the sheaths for protein content. We found that the watery saliva and the sheath saliva have distinct protein profiles Felton said.

In addition they found a large number of proteins from tomato. These results reveal that the protein composition of the sheath is a mixture of insect

We used extraordinary precaution to avoid disrupting tomato tissues during the collection of the sheaths

so we do not believe that the composition of tomato proteins in the sheath material is a spurious artifact of our collection methods


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but it wasn't the usual kale onions and basil that the operations manager of Michigan Technological University's Sustainable Futures Institute grew in his greenhouse.

The fish tacos were a resounding success combined with coleslaw made of carrots and cabbage from the residence hall's organic garden.


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but all the signs and epidemiological studies point towards anthocyanins the vegetable pigments that afford them their red colour.


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because for example with soybean once you've pressed the oil out it's fairly easy to convert it to diesel said Stephen P. Long a University of Illinois professor of plant biology and leader of the initiative.

But soybean isn't productive enough to meet the nation's need for renewable diesel fuels Long said.

but at 1. 5 percent a sugarcane field in Florida would produce about 50 percent more oil per acre than a soybean field Long said.


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#Genetically modified spuds beat blightin a three-year GM research trial scientists boosted resistance of potatoes to late blight their most important disease without deploying fungicides.

In 2012 the third year of the trial the potatoes experienced ideal conditions for late blight.

The trial was conducted with Desiree potatoes to address the challenge of building resistance to blight in potato varieties with popular consumer and processing characteristics.

The introduced gene from a South american wild relative of potato triggers the plant's natural defense mechanisms by enabling it to recognize the pathogen.

Cultivated potatoes possess around 750 resistance genes but in most varieties late blight is able to elude them.

With new insights into both the pathogen and its potato host we can use GM technology to tip the evolutionary balance in favor of potatoes and against late blight.

In Northern europe farmers typically spray a potato crop 10-15 times or up to 25 times in a bad year.


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Research shows that family meals promote healthier eating--more fruits vegetables and fiber; less fried food;

or pasta a vegetable like a green salad or cooked carrots and sliced apples or fruit salad for dessert Ginn says. â#¢Set the right mood.


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When your daily eating plans include foods like vegetables fruits whole grains lean meats poultry fish eggs fat-free

or low-fat dairy beans nuts and seeds in the appropriate amounts you are able to get many of the nutrients your body needs all with relatively low amounts of calories says registered dietitian nutritionist and Academy spokesperson


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#High cost of fruits, vegetables linked to higher body fat in young childrenhigh prices for fresh fruits

and vegetables are associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) in young children in low-and middle-income households according to American University researchers in the journal Pediatrics.

but significant association between the prices of fruit and vegetables and higher child BMI said Taryn Morrissey the study's lead author and assistant professor of public administration and policy at AU's School of Public

when the prices of fruits and vegetables go up families may buy less of them and substitute cheaper foods that may not be as healthy

and vegetables rather than frozen or canned said Alison Jacknowitz a co-author of the study and an associate professor of public administration and policy at SPA.

and fruits and vegetables have increased. Fruit and vegetable prices increased by 17 percent between 1997 and 2003 alone.

Children living in areas with higher-priced fruits and vegetables averaged higher measures of BMI scores compared with their peers in areas with lower-priced fruits and vegetables.


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of S. polyrhiza and analyzed it in comparison to several other plants including rice and tomatoes.


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and were planted to soybeans. The floodwaters left a thin silt and clay deposition on the agricultural lands and crop residue when they receded.

and soybeans the mixing in of sediment into the topsoil prior to planting resulted in little significant loss of soil productivity little soybean damage

Illinois agricultural statistics recorded the harvest of 4500 fewer acres of corn and 6500 fewer acres of soybeans in Alexander County in 2011.

Soybean production was 1200000 bushels in 2010 but dropped to 865000 bushels in 2011 due to flooding from both the Ohio and Mississippi rivers andâ crop


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and beverages provided by parents have resulted in little to no improvement in the amount of fruits vegetables whole grains and/or water.

and incentive-based program at four large-scale community-based summer day camps Michael W. Beets MED MPH Phd and colleagues noted significant increases in the amount

Incentives identified by the summer day camps were distributed based on points accumulated by the children and staff for bringing fruits vegetables and water.

or reduced lunch researchers noted increases of 12%for fresh fruit 11%for vegetables and 14%for water brought on average from baseline to posttest.

Likewise they observed decreases of 15%and 13%in the amount of chips and non-100%juices brought respectively.

and vegetables brought of 18%and 13%respectively and decreases of 31%for chips and 6. 4%for soda.

With over 14 million children attending summer day camps introduction of the HLC can serve as a way to influence the eating habits of children during the summer said lead author Falon Tilley MS Department of Exercise


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Use of a range of wild species of fruit vegetables condiments and medicines as well as wild animal-sourced foods increase the likelihood that subsistence farmers with access to natural ecosystems meet their nutrition and health needs.

Carbohydrates--mainly cereals sugars potatoes and other tubers--and vegetable oils produced efficiently by large-scale agriculture

This typically results from not eating enough foods rich in essential vitamins and minerals such as animal-source foods fruits vegetables and legumes.


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#Conserving potato agrobiodiversity: Top-down and bottom-up approach neededmashed smashed and fried Americans love potatoes but only a few varieties are grown in much of North american agriculture.

In South america where potatoes originated more than 5000 varieties continue to exist. A Penn State geographer is gathering all the information he can about the agrobiodiversity of these uniquely adapted tubers with an eye toward sustainability of this fourth largest food crop worldwide.

In the U s. we rely primarily on 10 to 12 types of potatoes total said Karl Zimmerer department head and professor of geography.

In fact mostly we use only 5 to 8 varieties. In South america by contrast there are 74 different types of potatoes in a single field.

The fields tubers and landscapes are visually stunning. Zimmerer has studied high-agrobiodiversity land use for over 20 years

He first looked at diversity within individual potato fields and then scaled up to individual communities and landscapes.

People in a community have expert knowledge of 150 to 180 varieties of potato he said.

People in Peru for example love to eat potatoes and think that theirs are vastly superior to

They want to hang on to their high-agrobiodiversity potatoes and we want them to hang due to nutritional ecological and other conservation advantages.

Scaling up even more Zimmerer looked at potato fields on the landscape level--typically groups of 5 to 15 communities

Because the major potato growing area encompasses large parts of northern South america Zimmerer needed a novel approach

There are 4000 to 5000 different varieties of potato in Chile Colombia Northern Argentina Peru Bolivia Ecuador

and analyzing region-scale areas of concentrated agrobiodiversity are important as are the global institutions such as the International Potato Center in Peru.

But perhaps the most important part of the top down study is held the knowledge by expert potato taxonomists who have long histories of geographically extensive work.

He is a Peruvian who has worked from Chile to Venezuela and has an extraordinary knowledge of major areas where diverse potato types are located.

While many experts are local to potato growing areas other experts come from Europe and North america.

To assemble an expert database of information about locations of potato hotspots Zimmerer uses a two-pronged approach.

For those comfortable with computers he asks them to delineate on Google earth maps the regions of concentrated agrobiodiversity.

and keep track of the potatoes growing in their and their neighbor's fields. Zimmerer's approach may eventually be used for visualizations that help enable the local crowdsourcing of this agrobiodiversity.

The local farmers generally identify their potatoes on their culinary properties and uses--floury soup making or freeze drying said Zimmerer.

Interestingly the culinary uses correspond to the elevations where the potatoes grow--soup potatoes have the lowest elevation floury potatoes in mid elevation

and freezing potatoes are the highest. This type of information from the knowledge systems of farmers--often women--coupled with top down image analysis visualization

and new strategies for sustainable use of the extraordinarily high levels of biodiversity within the Andean potatoes.


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Vitamin c is found in fruits and vegetables such as oranges papaya peppers broccoli and strawberries. Hemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischemic stroke


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Performance under flood Seed treatments for row crops such as corn cotton or soybean target early-season pests that are in the soil


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and institutions in Canada and Sweden has begun to uncover how our gut bacteria metabolize the complex dietary carbohydrates found in fruits and vegetables.

and vegetables including lettuce onion eggplant and tomatoes. In a recent issue of Nature the researchers reported on a particular gene sequence that allows Bacteroidetes to carry out this function.

and vegetables and how and why the good bacteria do what they do. Professor Gideon Davies who led the research at York University says


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and vegetables center stage--and for good reason: they contain critical nutrients that the human body needs

which has some of the highest cancer rates in America--that don't have regular access to fresh fruits and vegetables noted Vodovtoz.


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Black or kidney beans--These beans are a good source of niacin folate magnesium omega-3 fatty acids calcium and soluble fiber.


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#Eat spinach or eggs for faster reflexes: Tyrosine helps you stop fastera child suddenly runs out into the road.

A driver who has eaten recently spinach or eggs will stop faster thanks to the amino acid tyrosine found in these and other food products.

Tyrosine is found in such foods as spinach eggs cottage cheese and soya. Anyone who doesn't eat enough of these foodstuffs produces too little dopamine


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and vegetables the results of this study could have wide-reaching implications. Manga comics could be used to promote healthier behaviors and beliefs related to fruit consumption in at-risk youth.

or an energy-dense snack (cookies potato chips nacho chips and cheese-filled crackers). Sixty-one percent of children in the comic group chose a healthy snack after reading opposed to just 35%of the control group.


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#Better broccoli, enhanced anticancer benefits with longer shelf lifewhile researching methods to increase the already well-recognized anticancer properties of broccoli researchers at the University of Illinois also found a way to prolong the vegetable's shelf life.

And according to the recently published study the method is a natural and inexpensive way to produce broccoli that has even more health benefits

Jack Juvik a U of I crop sciences researcher explained that the combined application of two compounds both are extracted natural products from plants increased the presence of cancer-fighting agents in broccoli

We had figured out ways to increase the anticancer activity in broccoli but the way we figured it out created a situation that would cause the product to deteriorate more rapidly after application Juvik said.

For fresh-market broccoli that you harvest it's not too big a deal but many of these products have to be shipped frozen cut up

The researchers first used methyl jasmonate (Meja) a nontoxic plant-signal compound produced naturally in plants) to increase the broccoli's anticancer potential

which they sprayed on the broccoli about four days before harvest. When applied Meja initiates a process of gene activity affiliated with the biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GS)

which are compounds found in the tissue of broccoli and other brassica vegetables (such as cauliflower cabbage and kale).

They applied the compound after harvesting the same broccoli that had already been treated with Meja before harvest.


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Herbicide drift was associated also with the declines of three species of herbivores including pea aphids spotted alfalfa aphids

and potato leaf hoppers and an increase in a pest called clover root curculio Egan said.


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#GMO soybean pollen threatens Mexican honey sales, report findsmexico is the fourth largest honey producer and fifth largest honey exporter in the world.

A Smithsonian researcher and colleagues helped rural farmers in Mexico to quantify the genetically modified organism (GMO) soybean pollen in honey samples rejected for sale in Germany.

what they are seeing are soybean pollen grains said Roubik. They found that six honey samples from nine hives in the Campeche region contained soy pollen

The regional agricultural authorities furthermore seemed unaware that bees visited flowering soybeans to collect nectar and pollen.

As far as we could determine every kind of GMO soybean grown in Campeche is approved for human consumption said Roubik.


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History tells us about the devastation caused by the emergence of disease from wild hosts in disparate countries such as the Central american origin of the oomycete that led to The irish potato famine.


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#Whole diet approach to lower cardiovascular risk has more evidence than low-fat dietsa study published in The American Journal of Medicine reveals that a whole diet approach which focuses on increased intake of fruits vegetables nuts

In particular the diet emphasizes consumption of vegetables fruit legumes whole grains and fish. The potency of combining individual cardioprotective foods is substantial

and cream while increasing the amount of vegetables fruits whole grains nuts and fish promises to be more effective.


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A further finding was that consuming yoghurt in place of a portion of other snacks such as crisps also reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.


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This was the native pest potato psyllid which spreads a bacterium that causes zebra chip disease.

Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest. According to Hoddle such results demonstrate that carefully selected natural enemies used in biological control programs for invasive pests can be very safe


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For this study resistant caterpillars were fed Bt broccoli and then exposed to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora a beneficial nematode that preys on insects.


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#Nitrogen management studied in greenhouse pepper productionas consumer demand for year-round fresh produce increases vegetable

A study published in Hortscience contains strategies for increasing NUE in greenhouse bell peppers and demonstrates how the environmental impact of intensive agriculture can be minimized without harming fruit yield or quality.

Yasuor and colleagues designed a study to investigate ways to reduce environmental pollution by increasing nitrogen use efficiency in vegetables without negatively affecting fruit yield or quality.

The scientists used bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.)in a case study for intensive vegetable cropping. Pepper production is becoming commercially important in various regions of the world including Israel Spain southern Europe


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and greens common in Europe) or carrying on traditions of foraging practiced in their sending countries (e g. harvesting mushrooms.


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and The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich looked in unprecedented detail at how Phytophthora infestans a pathogen that continues to blight potatoes

and tomatoes today evolved to target other plants. The study published today in the journal Science is the first to show how pathogens switch from targeting one species to another through changes at the molecular level.

P. infestans secretes substances called effectors that disable proteases in potatoes and tomatoes. These are highly specialised to block specific proteases in the host plant fitting like a key into a lock.'

but are no longer effective against potatoes or tomatoes.''For the first time we have found a direct molecular mechanism underpinning the change in host specialisation'said Dr van der Hoorn.'

The EPIC effectors secreted by P. infestans have evolved to fit the structure of potato proteases

Potato and tomato plants with such proteases would be resistant to the blight pathogens and combined with other resistant traits could provide another'wall'of defence against the pathogens.'


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Knowing that infants may be biased to learn that fruits plucked from leafy green plants are edible suggests strategies for getting young children interested in eating novel fruits and vegetables such as taking them to a'pick-your-own'fruits and vegetables farm.


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not only the contradictory information but also widely accepted nutritional advice such as eating plenty of fruits and vegetables and exercising regularly said Rebekah Nagler Ph d. assistant professor in University of Minnesota's School of Journalism and Mass Communication

or eat fruits and vegetables. Many people get health information from the news media which may not make it clear that research is constantly evolving.


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In addition people may be exposed to the pesticide by consuming imported fruits vegetables and grains where DDT is still being used


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and livestock including rice maize soybean potato pigeonpea pig and sheep. BGI is continuing to make more progress for facing the challenges on food shortage


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when leaves sprout and when they fall off is one thing but Yang and his colleagues wanted to see how well photos could capture what happens in between.


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#No-till soybean fields give (even some rare) birds foothold in Illinoisresearchers report in a new study that several bird species--some of them relatively rare--are making extensive use of soybean fields in Illinois. The team found significantly more birds

and feeding in no-till soybean fields than in tilled fields. The team spent about 13 weeks each spring

The team found more bird nests and greater species diversity in the no-till fields than in the tilled soybeans.

however and while the losses in no-till soybean fields were greater than those seen in pristine grasslands they were not much worse the researchers said.

One species found nesting in a no-till soybean field the upland sandpiper was an exciting find.

If farmers could be convinced to plant their soybeans a few days later in the spring for example it would increase the nesting success of several bird species that are out there now Ward said.

and soybean fields in Illinois and they say there's no way there's value for wildlife in those Vanbeek said.


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and were responsible for the 1840s potato famine'said Professor Sarah Gurr formerly of Oxford university and now at the University of Exeter.'


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Wu's team fabricated a custom-made microfluidic-chip CE device. The device separates the functional proteins from other more abundant proteins in the formula using isoelectric focusing.


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and vegetables such as parsley thyme and celery and anthocyanins found in berries red grapes wine and other red or blue-coloured fruits and vegetables.


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which CO2 in the atmosphere stimulates photosynthesis (like soya peanuts and a majority of plants including all trees).


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component of dietary fibre from the cell walls of fruits and vegetables. The findings illuminate the specialized roles played by key members of the vast microbial community living in the human gut

This newly discovered sequence of genes enables Bacteroides ovatus to chop up xyloglucan a major type of dietary fibre found in many vegetables--from lettuce leaves to tomato fruits.


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and to the pollination of a range of agricultural crops--from carrots to almonds to oilseed rape--that is valued at â billion.


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In ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry scientists are reporting for the first time a method to authenticate the varietal purity and origin of cacao beans the source of chocolate's main ingredient cocoa.

Dapeng Zhang and colleagues note that lower-quality cacao beans often get mixed in with premium varieties on their way to becoming chocolate bars truffles sauces and liqueurs.

and coffee but those methods aren't suitable for cacao beans. Zhang's team wanted to address this challenge.

on single cacao beans and can be scaled up to handle large samples quickly. To our knowledge this is the first authentication study in cacao using molecular markers the researchers state.


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Most sweet fruit and many vegetables such as salsify cabbage or beans are rich in so-called fermentable fibers.


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The research was carried out on Thale Cress a model for plant research that occurs naturally throughout most of Europe


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Ruedi Fries Chair of Animal breeding at TUM. With artificial insemination male breeding animals can produce more than one hundred thousand offspring.

Fries adds: Genetic analysis highlights the undesirable characteristics and also the diseases that animals pass on. With this knowledge we can


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Besides eating well to maintain a healthy weight foods like fruits vegetables and whole grains are linked to reduced cancer risk.

Many specific foods like leafy green vegetables or blueberries have been shown to have specific anticancer actions.

Eat vegetables fruits whole grains and lean meats to maintain a healthy weight. If you are looking for extra help in starting down the path of healthy eating visit eatright. org the website for the Academy of Nutrition


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Many of the most important crops in Europe such as rapeseed sunflower soybeans apples and strawberries benefit from pollination by insects.


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which fix nitrogen and one B. tuberum which nodulates legumes. They found a strong distinction between genes in these beneficial strains and in pathogenic strains.

onion-skin rot. Later Burkholderia species were identified as the causative agent of the disease melioidosis a public health threat especially in tropical countries like Thailand and in parts of Australia.

Bacteria that cause the formation of these nodules in legumes such as soybeans alfalfa and peanuts are crucial to sustainable agricultural systems Hirsch said.


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but some spend the winter off the coast of Argentina while others winter off Chile.


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and seeds lean meats and poultry low-fat dairy products vegetables fruits whole grains and legumes.


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They studied the responses of 15 test subjects to the taste of sweet chilli sauce orange juice bitter tea coffee and soup and a water control.

Chilli was found to increase blood flow in all measured areas irrespective of the palatability rating given by the subjects.

when changes induced by chilli sauce were excluded there was a significant correlation between the palatability ratings the test subjects gave

Results and suggestionsci in the eyelid increased significantly in response to chilli sauce orange juice and soup while CIS in the forehead nose

and CI values in the eyelid when changes induced by chilli sauce were excluded. These results suggest that the facial circulatory response reflects the degree of palatability of a foodstuff.


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One group of students is drinking a smoothie made from carrots and a selection of underutilized Malaysian fruits while the control group received mineral water.

and vegetables each day had a more golden color to their skin which in follow up perceptual studies made them look healthier and by extension more attractive.

The aim of his latest research project is to study what effect a drink made from carrots

v=PRIFS4N2ZQCCAROTENOIDS are natural lipophilic orange and yellow pigments present in most fruit and vegetables.

or eat enough fruit and vegetables and even fall below the recommended five portions a day.


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because developing asthma is related to the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed. Gut bacteria ferment the dietary fibers contained in them

fruit and vegetables are playing an ever smaller role in people's diets. Now new results suggest that these two developments are not merely simultaneous they are linked also causally.

Another reason why fruit and vegetables are good for you Marsland thinks that the results obtained by his group are clinically relevant not only

however that here is another reason why one should eat more fruit and vegetables. Story Source:


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