and wild yak Przewalski's horse chiru saiga antelope Tibetan gazelle kiang khulan and snow leopard are increasingly dominated by domestic goats and other livestock.
Matthew Wheeler a University of Illinois Professor of Animal Sciences and member of the Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering research theme at the Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB) worked with a team of five
and experimental surgery suite to the hospital and clinic Wheeler said. The large-animal model is the roadway to take this device from the bench top to the bedside.
or perfected in animal models Wheeler said. Through the use of animal models scientists and doctors are able to perfect techniques drugs and materials without risking human lives.
First Wheeler sent a CT scan of a pig's trachea to Scott Hollister a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Michigan.
or PCL which Wheeler has used in more than 100 large-animal procedures. Next Wheeler developed a strategy to implement the device
and U-M associate professor of pediatric otolaryngology Glenn Green carried out the surgical procedure. After the splint was placed the pigs'tracheobronchomalacia symptoms disappeared All of our work is inspired physician Wheeler said.
Babies suffering from tracheobronchomalacia were brought to ear nose and throat surgeons but they didn't have any treatment options.
April and Bryan Gionfriddo believed their son's chance of survival was slim until Marc Nelson a doctor at Akron Children's Hospital in Ohio mentioned researchers from the University of Michigan were testing airway splints similar to those used in Wheeler's study.
It's not very rare Wheeler said. It's really not. I think it's very rewarding to all of us to know that we are contributing to helping treat or even cure this disease.
More data from Wheeler's large animal trials will be essential to show the long-term viability of this procedure before it can be used to save the lives of other children born with this disorder.
In future trials Wheeler plans to add stem cells to the splint in order to accelerate healing.
and point out that H7 influenza has a tendency to become established in bird horse and swine populations and may spillover repeatedly into humans.
The authors point out that many H7 viruses have adapted to infect mammals including horses and pigs
or large grazing animals like zebras wildebeest and buffalo it also would appear they ate C4 grasses.
Rivers of wildebeests zebra and Thompson's gazelles--more than 2 million all told--cross the landscape in one of the largest animal migrations on the planet.
and that does not count most of the microbial world said Quentin Wheeler founding director of the International Institute for Species Exploration at ASU and author of What on earth?
which seemed reasonable before the biodiversity crisis. Now knowing that millions of species may not survive the 21st century it is time to pick up the pace Wheeler added.
while securing evidence of the origins of the biosphere Wheeler said. Taxon experts pick top 10members of the international committee made their top 10 selection from more than 140 nominated species. To be considered species must have been described in compliance with the appropriate code of nomenclature
of which we are shared a part Wheeler. At the same time we search the heavens for other earthlike planets we should make it a high priority to explore the biodiversity on the most earthlike planet of them all:
Scientists will need access to as much evidence of evolutionary history as possible said the institute's Wheeler who is also a professor in ASU's School of Life sciences in the College of Liberal arts and Sciences and in the School of Sustainability as well as a senior sustainability scientist
and know nothing about Wheeler added. No investment makes more sense than completing a simple inventory to the establish baseline data that tells us what kinds of plants
They separated them into their different fractions (leaves stems cobs grain) to determine season-long nutrient accumulation utilization and movement.
Solazyme's patented microalgae strains have become the workhorses of a growing industry focused on producing commercial quantities of microalgal oil for energy and food applications.
Cows horses and termites can digest the cellulose in grass hay and wood. Most cellulose consists of wood fibers and cell wall remains.
and zebra that could never be enclosed within a fenced reserve so the lions'last stand should be thought out carefully in terms of those places that can safely be fenced
A team led by Rice physicist Ching-Hwa Kiang found that shear forces like those found in small arteries of patients with atherosclerosis cause snippets of nonclotting VWF to change into a clot-forming shape for hours at a time.
When I first heard what Dr. Kiang's team had found I was shocked said blood platelet expert Dr. Joel Moake a study co-author who holds joint appointments at Rice and BCM.
Kiang associate professor of physics and astronomy and of bioengineering studies the forces involved in protein folding.
Proteins are the workhorses of biology. Tens of thousands are produced each second in every living cell and each of these folds into a characteristic shape within moments of its creation.
Kiang is a pioneer in the use of atomic force microscopes (AFM) to shed light on the fundamental physical processes involved in protein folding.
Kiang's team uses the bobbing needle to grab and pull apart individual protein molecules. By stretching these like rubber bands her team has shown it can measure the precise physical forces that hold them in their folded shape.
we used those measurements to see what state the molecule was said in Kiang. In this way we were able to study the dynamics of the molecule to see how it changed over a period of time.
That is why Dr. Kiang's research is so important and makes it more likely that therapeutic interventions can be designed more rationally.
To study the problem Kiang's lab worked closely with Moake's team at Rice's Bioscience Research Collaborative
Kiang's team used AFMS to test the samples. Through a combination of experiments and deductive reasoning her team determined exactly
and initiate clot formation Kiang said. That will tell us even more about the physical properties of the proteins
but mammals such as horses rhinos and gazelles evolved long strong teeth that are up to the task.
and western Eurasia where she found the emergence of grasslands coincided with the early ancestors of horses
Worryingly one sample labelled zebra was actually mountain zebra a'red listed'species threatened with extinction.
Macroscopic remains of maize (kernels leaves stalks and cobs) were rare. However the team looked deeper and found an abundance of microscopic evidence of maize in various forms in the excavations.
In corn reproduction male flowers at the top of the plants distribute pollen grains two at a time through individual tubes to tiny cobs on the stalks covered by strands known as silks in a process known as double fertilization.
The manipulation of corn plant genes that has been going on for millennia--resulting in the production of multicolored Indian corn cobs of various colors like red purple blue
and weighed every individual kernel out of each cob from the harvests. While the majority of kernels had an endosperm
In addition to informing scientists about the environment that our ancestors took shape in Feakins'study provides insights into the landscape that herbivores (horses hippos
#Corn cobs eyed for bioenergy productioncorn crop residues are often left on harvested fields to protect soil quality
if postharvest corn cob residues were removed from fields. This work led by Agricultural research service (ARS) soil scientist Brian Wienhold supports the USDA priority of developing new sources of bioenergy.
The scientists also removed cobs from half of the test plots that were protected by the residues.
But the presence or absence of cobs on the residue-protected plots did not significantly affect sediment loss rates.
even though cob residues did slightly delay the onset of runoff sediment loss rates were affected not significantly by the presence or absence of the cobs.
The results indicated that the cobs could be removed from other residue and used for bioenergy feedstock without significantly interfering with the role of crop residues in protecting soils.
In a related study Wienhold examined how the removal of cob residues affected soil nutrient levels.
Over the course of a year his sampling indicated that cobs were a source of soil potassium
and vineyards with a greater prevalence of West Nile virus in mosquitoes and the insects'ability to spread the virus to birds horses and people.
Crowder working with fellow entomologist Jeb Owen other WSU colleagues and the State department of Health merged data from a variety of sources including West Nile infections in humans horses
The researchers found that habitats with high instances of the disease in horses and birds also have significantly more mosquitoes--as well as American robins
Wheeler JG Sethi D Cowden JM et al. Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community presenting to general practice
The project's results include lignin-tolerant enzymes and enzyme cocktails for processing spruce straw corn cob and wheat bran.
The raw materials studied in the project were spruce straw corn cob and wheat bran used as animal Feed in Finland the proportion of forest biomass
%and pets horses and other companion animals the remaining 3%.Increased use in pigs and poultryantimicrobial consumption in pigs measured in doses has increased in all three age groups:
and horses increased in 2013 compared to the year before. This increase was not due to an increase in the use of critically important antimicrobials as the consumption of both cephalosporins
beef goat lamb chicken goose turkey pork and horse. Pet food safety was another area of concern particularly with pet foods that are formulated specifically to address food allergies in both cats and dogs continued Dr. Hellberg.
Separate trials showed that horses and cows would also readily eat the invasive grass. In addition to restoring views the controlled grazing allowed native plant species to reestablish themselves in the test plots over time.
While the effect on human bacteria has only been tested in a lab environment thus far the lactic acid bacteria has been applied directly to horses with persistent wounds.
and applied to ten horses; where the owners had tried several other methods to no avail.
All of the horses'wounds were healed by the mixture. The researchers believe the secret to the strong results lie in the broad spectrum of active substances involved.
The most recent data were taken with the Green Bank Telescope's high frequency imaging camera MUSTANG.
MUSTANG-1. 5 the even more-sensitive successor to MUSTANG and ARGUS a camera designed for mapping the distribution of organic molecules in space.
either as he is testing those from dogs cats pigs and horses. For now though there are quite a few pet owners relieved to be able to stop their pets'bad behavior
and Institute for Genomic Biology director Gene Robinson who performed the new analysis together with entomology graduate student Marsha Wheeler.
#Transplanting gene into injured hearts creates biological pacemakerscardiologists at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute have developed a minimally invasive gene transplant procedure that changes unspecialized heart cells into biological pacemaker cells
pacemakers. In the United states an estimated 300000 patients receive pacemakers every year. We have been able for the first time to create a biological pacemaker using minimally invasive methods
and to show that the biological pacemaker supports the demands of daily life said Eduardo Marbã¡
n MD Phd director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute who led the research team.
We also are the first to reprogram a heart cell in a living animal in order to effectively cure a disease.
but who suffer side effects such as infection of the leads that connect the device to the heart from implanted mechanical pacemakers.
n on biological pacemaker research team said that in the future pacemaker cells also could help infants born with congenital heart block.
Babies still in the womb cannot have a pacemaker but we hope to work with fetal medicine specialists to create a lifesaving catheter-based treatment for infants diagnosed with congenital heart block Cingolani said.
Originally we thought that biological pacemaker cells could be a temporary bridge therapy for patients who had an infection in the implanted pacemaker area Marbã¡
#Transplanting gene into injured hearts creates biological pacemakerscardiologists at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute have developed a minimally invasive gene transplant procedure that changes unspecialized heart cells into biological pacemaker cells
pacemakers. In the United states an estimated 300000 patients receive pacemakers every year. We have been able for the first time to create a biological pacemaker using minimally invasive methods
and to show that the biological pacemaker supports the demands of daily life said Eduardo Marbã¡
n MD Phd director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute who led the research team.
We also are the first to reprogram a heart cell in a living animal in order to effectively cure a disease.
but who suffer side effects such as infection of the leads that connect the device to the heart from implanted mechanical pacemakers.
n on biological pacemaker research team said that in the future pacemaker cells also could help infants born with congenital heart block.
Babies still in the womb cannot have a pacemaker but we hope to work with fetal medicine specialists to create a lifesaving catheter-based treatment for infants diagnosed with congenital heart block Cingolani said.
Originally we thought that biological pacemaker cells could be a temporary bridge therapy for patients who had an infection in the implanted pacemaker area Marbã¡
and Research Project Office Morgan Simpson of NASA Ground Processing Directorate and Ray Wheeler Ph d. of the Surface Systems office in NASA's Engineering and Technology Directorate also provided guidance
Similarly Princeton researchers published two studies in 2011 that showed that allowing livestock to graze with wild animals such as zebras greatly improved the quality of the domesticated animals'diet.
On the other hand grazers such as cows sheep and zebras primarily eat grass which is rarely poisonous. These animals easily succumb to the Sodom apple.
The majority of people are unaware of the dimensions of the biodiversity crisis said Dr. Quentin Wheeler founding director of the IISE and ESF president.
which species have adapted for survival Wheeler said. One of the most inspiring facts about the top 10 species of 2014 is that not all of the'big'species are known already
Wheeler offered three reasons why an inventory of Earth's species is critical: â#¢Without a baseline of what exists humans will not know
Wheeler hopes the Top 10 draws attention to the urgent need and real possibility of completing an inventory of all of Earth's species. Advances in technology
whose kernels stay on the cob instead of falling off. Early agriculturalists also shortened flowering time for crops necessary in shorter growing seasons as in Canada.
Although their research has been performed in a weed called'Arabidopsis thaliana'the work horse of plant geneticists the team is confident that their discovery can be used for the protection of crops from their enemies.
donkeys and cats. Olsen studies rice and cassava and is interested currently in rice mimics weeds that look enough like rice that they fly under the radar even
Once animals such as donkeys or cattle were caught Marshall said the changes humans sought to make were pretty minimal.
In the donkeys and other transport animals it's not affiliative tame behavior the herders want Marshall said.
Corn stover--the stalks leaves and cobs in cornfields after harvest--has been considered a ready resource for cellulosic ethanol production.
and livestock we know today--dogs chickens horses cows--are probably radically different from the ones our great-great-grandparents knew he added. â#They are subjected to the whim of human fancy
Recent research on the domestication of donkeys camelids (which includes dromedaries Bactrian camels llamas and alpacas) pigs cattle sheep and goats suggests that neither intentional breeding nor genetic isolation were as significant as traditionally thought the scientists said.
So for example Beja herders in Northeastern Africa intentionally bred their donkeys with African wild asses in order to produce stronger transport animals.
and gene flow highest in the case of pack animals such as donkeys or camelids. But even in the case of pigs or cattle interbreeding between domestic and wild animals has created long and complex evolutionary and domestication histories that challenge assumptions regarding genetic isolation and long-held definitions of domestication.
%East Carroll Parish LA 0. 7%Wheeler County GA 0. 6%Benson County ND 0. 5%Claiborne County MS 0
and then eat it as humans eat corn on the cob. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. FVB.
Grass production must have boomed as did vast numbers of war horses and other livestock that gave the Mongols their power.
In just a matter of years he united the tribes into an efficient horse-borne military state that rapidly invaded its neighbors and expanded outward in all directions.
or more horses and ever-moving herds of livestock provided nearly all food and other resources.
and horses sheep and ibex in rural India. In places where the only grazers were small animals like rabbits voles
#Livestock beating pandas to the bamboo buffetpandas it turns out aren't celebrating the Year of the Horse.
Livestock particularly horses have been identified as a significant threat to panda survival. The reason: They're beating the pandas to the bamboo buffet.
In this case something as innocuous as a horse can be a big problem. China invests billions to protect giant panda habitat
when we'd come upon horse-affected bamboo patches. They were in the middle of nowhere and it looked like someone had been in there with a lawn mower Hull said.
Alarmed by the growing devastation she learned that some of Wolong's farmers who traditionally hadn't kept horses had been talking to friends outside of the reserve who had been cashing in by raising them.
A horse there Hull said is kind of a bank account. Horses were barred from designated grazing areas
because they competed with cattle so farmers would let them graze unattended in the forests.
In 1998 only 25 horses lived in Wolong. By 2008 350 horses lived there in 20 to 30 herds.
To understand the scope of the problem Hull and her colleagues put the same type of GPS collars they were using to track pandas on one horse in each of the four herds they studied.
Then over a year they compared their activity with that of three collared adult pandas in some of the same areas
They discovered that horses are indeed big on bamboo --and also are drawn to the same sunny gently sloped spots as pandas.
Pandas and horses eat about the same amount of bamboo but a herd of more than 20 horses made for a feeding frenzy decimating areas the reserve was established to protect.
Jack Liu (left) and Jindong Zhang talk to a farmer in the Wolong Nature Reserve about the impact livestock can have on panda habitat.
This horse problem has been resolved. The researchers presented their findings to Wolong's managers who have banned
since horses from the reserve. But Hull and Liu note that this work has shed light on how competitive livestock can be in sensitive habitat--an issue that is repeated across the globe.
#Controlling zebra chip disease from the inside outzebra chip disease in potatoes is currently being managed by controlling the potato psyllid with insecticides.
and Agriculture-sponsored Zebra Chip Specialty Crop Research Initiative. We are looking at three different approaches:
when psyllid populations in the field and the instances of zebra chip were said significant French.
Tuber symptoms associated with zebra chip were only as high as 3 percent in 2012 and 10 percent in 2013
He said he hoped to get some products labeled if not specifically for zebra chip at least for potato health quality but
which could still be useful on potato production fields where yields may be affected by zebra chip.
We now have a really clear family tree of theses viruses in all those hosts--including birds humans horses pigs
Just like branches on a real tree you can see that the branches on the evolutionary tree grow at different rates in humans versus horses versus birds.
In the 1870s an immense horse flu outbreak swept across North america Worobey said City by city
and town by town horses got sick and perhaps five percent of them died. Half of Boston burned down during the outbreak
because there were no horses to pull the pump wagons. Out here in the West the U s. Cavalry was fighting the Apaches on foot
because all the horses were sick. This happened at a time when horsepower was actual horse power. The horse flu outbreak pulled the rug out from under the economy.
According to Worobey the newly generated evolutionary trees show a global replacement of the genes in the avian flu virus coinciding closely with the horse flu outbreak
which the analyses also reveal to be the closest relative to the avian virus. Interestingly a previous research paper analyzing old newspaper records reported that in the days following the horse flu outbreak there were repeated outbreaks described at the time as influenza killing chickens
and other domestic birds Worobey said. That's another unexpected link in the history and the there is a possibility that the two might be connected given
what we see in our trees. He added that the evolutionary results didn't allow for a definitive determination of
whether the virus jumped from horses to birds or vice versa but a close relationship between the two virus species is clearly there.
The study reports estimated county-level energy and GHG intensity of grain corn stover and cob production in Ontario from 2006-2011.
'foregut fermenters'such as cows goats and sheep and'hindgut fermenters'such as horses elephants and zebras.
The sources included Nijmegen goats French deer sheep from Poland and Utrecht an Indian elephant from Burger's Zoo in Arnhem and zebras and an African elephant from Tanzania.
which spreads a bacterium that causes zebra chip disease. Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest.
Males of the species sound like braying donkeys when they vocalize. Of the Earth's 17 species of penguins 10--including Magellanics--breed where there is no snow it is relatively dry
Researchers compared buffalo genome with other mammals'such as cattle horse panda pig and dog for discovering more genetic characteristics of water buffalo and providing guidance for its breeding and industrial transformation.
Tracking an alien invader of conker trees using people poweran army of citizen scientists has helped the professionals understand how a tiny'alien'moth is attacking the UK's conker (horse-chestnut trees
No bigger than a grain of rice the horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth has spread rapidly through England and Wales since its arrival in London in 2002.
Investigating the data further the scientific team concluded that it takes just three years from the first sighting of the moth in a particular location to maximum levels of damage to the horse-chestnut trees being recorded.
She calculated the likely time taken by hominins suggesting that it would be at least twice that of the yearling baboons once their superior manual dexterity was taken into account.
such as oak, zebra wood, walnut, maple, mahogany and rosewood. The Portland-based company now sells all over the world, from Thailand to Turkey, to Egypt to Estonia.
If everyone reading this article right now remembers to unplug their phone chargers from the wall
a hack of the traditional Port-a-Potty but one that could address the need for more public urination facilities
In October, five of the teams from the Summer of Smart conference will present their hacks to nine mayoral candidates
They'll mix that in with  horse manure, old hay, wood chips. Do you bring the compost back once it's ready to use  in the roof garden?
Our workhorse hardware is like a smart incubator, called a CGBA (commercial generic bioprocessing apparatus). We have two on the International Space station and two units on the shuttle, each about the size of a mid-deck locker.
bush tucker has enjoyed something of a niche market, with lemon myrtle and warrigal greens the most well known of Indigenous foods.
Warrigal Greens (tetragonia tetragonoides
Bye-bye barf: whale vomit no longer necessary to make perfumesambergris-the technical term for hunks of sperm whale vomit-has long been a component in high end perfumes.
of course--but the major environmental pollution problem at the turn of the century was the millions of pounds of manure in city streets produced by horses used for transport.
It may not be quite as visible or an assault on our senses as horse manure but it's just as significant.
So we're using cellulosic biomass waste streams--corn cobs, treetops and limbs, dead pine trees from pine beetles.
The emerging trends are corn cobs--that's what Dupont, Denisco and Verenium are using.
Corn cobs are easy to break down into sugar. But that's not a solution to the cellulosic fuel problem.
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