#Growing'Green'Economy Sprouts Need for'Green'Credentials (Op-Ed) Robert Reiley is an adjunct professor and course developer at Kaplan University School of Legal Studies
which is a provider of green and environmental career courses and degrees. Reiley has 20 years of experience as an environmental attorney in the government and private sector.
According to the Green goods and Services Program of the U s. Bureau of Labor Statistics there are about 325 industries that are potential producers of green goods and services and 120000 business establishments
and provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics green goods and services fall into one or more of the following five categories:
Green jobs to be sure are extremely diverse ranging from farmers utility workers equipment vendors and writers to engineers scientists educators foresters lawyers policy analysts consultants animal care givers and recreation workers to name a few.
But the new findings add to growing evidence that the virus likely needs to undergo just a few genetic mutations to gain the ability to spread between people said Dr. Richard Webby a bird flu expert at St jude Children's Research
The researchers called the one H7n9 strain that spread in their study highly transmissible between ferrets.
H7n9 is thought to transmit from birds (in particular chickens) to people. Because the virus does not cause symptoms in chickens it can be harder to spot infected poultry.
The only way we have of reducing human infection and the opportunities of the virus to adapt to humans is to reduce the exposure of people to infected birds.
If you have a virus that s running around that doesn t kill the chickens you have to be actively out there swabbing chickens Webby said.
Finding a dead chicken is much easier than finding a virus. Webby said that human-to-human spread of H7n9 is not inevitable.
#H7n9 Flu Study Hints at How It May Spread in People It's likely that the new H7n9 bird flu virus can spread through the air on a limited basis according to a new study that looked at how the virus spreads in animals.
because efficient spread of the flu in ferrets tends to predict efficient spread in people.
One bit of good news is that H7n9 does not appear to spread between pigs. In the study pigs did not catch H7n9 from each other either through the air or direct contact.
Thanksgiving Turns 150 This Thursday Americans will gather around groaning tables to consume massive amounts of turkey gravy potatoes and stuffing.
Settlers in Jamestown Va. held a thanksgiving meal in 1607. But it was a Yankee who made Thanksgiving into the holiday it is today
she also penned the nursery rhyme Mary Had a Little Lamb. During Hale's long life between 1788 and 1879 many states especially in the north held fall festivals of thanksgiving.
and rhapsodized about turkey as the centerpiece of the meal. Cranberries and pumpkins which are northern crops likewise highlight this holiday's Yankee roots.
Everyone eats certain dishes like whole roast turkey considered too troublesome for everyday cooking today.
A relatively large breakfast a large meal at 2 p m. or so and then an extremely small supper.
so the big meal became supper at dinner Smith said. But holidays in general Thanksgiving in particular retains that initial pattern.
And in the process of starving animals cut off from their human feed are likely to become increasingly desperate and brazen.
A high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in people's diets has been linked to a higher risk of health problemsâ such asâ heart disease.
Studies have suggested that the healthiest ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the diet is about 2. 3. The results are in line with previous research showing that eating grass
These rules include providing access to the outdoors including to pasture for ruminants. Marion Nestle a professor of nutrition and public health at New york University said the results came as no surprise.
Without refrigeration it would have been difficult to keep meat fresh for long so may have been more efficient for cities to take a communal approach.
or contaminants the researchers said. 5 Key Nutrients Women Need As They Age Such unlisted ingredients may pose health hazards for consumers the researchers said.
and can cause serious side effects such as chronic diarrhea and liver damage. Other products contaminated with walnut leaves wheat soybeans
and rice might pose problems for people with allergies or those seeking gluten-free products said study researcher Steven Newmaster an integrative biology professor and botanical director of the University of Guelph's Biodiversity Institute of Ontario.
A consumer has a right to see all of the plant species used in producing a natural product on the list of ingredients Newmaster said The researchers analyzed 44 herbal products sold in the United states
Another NASA project under fire is a $125000 grant for intergalactic planetary pizza tasting. The goal of this project is to develop shelf-stable palatable 3d printed foods for a mission to Mars
considering that beef is a $44 billion-a-year business in the United states according to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.
and tend to be the cream of the crop. The situation is similar at the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)
or full-fat cheese it would be prudent to shift to lower-fat option said study researcher Candyce H. Kroenke a staff scientist at Kaiser permanente in Oakland Calif. Eating more low-fat dairy
Some of the high-fat dairy products the researchers tracked were whole milk ice cream and cheeses and yogurts that were not low-fat or nonfat.
During the study 349 women had their breast cancer recur and 189 died of the disease.
The researchers said their findings show that it was saturated fat from dairy products in particular rather than saturated fat in the diet in general that was linked with breast cancer survival.
Putnam and his team think the wetting of the desert allowed grasslands to expand enabling the Mongols to spread throughout Asia. 10 Surprising Ways Weather Changed History Atop The himalayas Next Putnam
when they were allowed to join a communal mess and hence become a full citizen of the community.
Each member of the mess was expected to provide a certain amount of foodstuffs. Girls while not trained militarily were expected to train physically. oephysical fitness was considered to be as important for females as it was for males
A Greek naval victory at the Battle of Salamis halted this approach the Persian king Xerxes going home
Yet Halloween is much more than just costumes and candy; in fact the holiday has a rich and interesting history.
and heads during Samhain ceremonies possibly contributing to the familiar tradition of dressing up in costumes.
Halloween mischief in the United states and Canada consisted of tipping over outhouses unhinging farmer's gates throwing eggs at houses and the like.
and town leaders tried to ply kids with candy encouraging trick -or-treating in costume in exchange for sweets bumping the mischief element from the celebrations of Oct 31 altogether.
How the Thanksgiving Menu Evolved This Thursday (Nov 28) most Americans across the country will sit down with family and friends to share nearly the exact same meal.
At the holiday's inception turkey was a mere part of the meal not a necessary centerpiece.
Mincemeat pie would have made an appearance. And green-bean casserole was undreamed of. Â The story of how modern Thanksgiving came to be is filled with myth commercialization regional influences
and a dash of pragmatism food historians say. Thanksgiving is based on a national myth said food writer Cynthia Bertelsen who blogs at Gherkins & Tomatoes.
Thanksgiving Recipes from Pilgrims to Pumpkin pie (Clarkson Potter 2005. The turkey a bird that matures for slaughter in the fall would have made an appearance as would chicken pork beef and goose.
Semisavory semisweet foods such as plum pudding would have made up the side dishes. Sidebar: See Menus From the Origin of Thanksgiving Thanksgiving was a good excuse to serve mincemeat pies
which were filled with chopped meat dried fruit and spices Oliver told Livescience. At the time mincemeat was associated strongly with Christmas a holiday spurned by Protestants as too Catholic.
Because of the hostility toward the holiday Protestants broke the mincemeat-Christmas association by eating it on Thanksgiving
instead Oliver said. Â There was no official Thanksgiving holiday until Sarah Josepha Hale a 19th-century writer made it her mission to combine all of the states'harvest festivals under one national umbrella.
Finally in the aftermath of the Civil war then-President Abraham lincoln got on board and Congress established Thanksgiving as a national holiday in 1863 150 years ago.
The turkey takes its place The foundation of Thanksgiving as an official holiday set off a process of myth making.
Even though venison (deer) is the only meat confirmed to have been present at the Pilgrims'harvest feast in 1621 turkey gradually became the centerpiece of the new holiday thanks in part to Hale Bertelsen told Livescience.
In her 1827 novel Northwood A Tale of New england Hale rhapsodizes about the ideal Thanksgiving menu including the turkey at a lordly station at the head of the table.
She also mentions beef pork and mutton (sheep) however not to mention pickles and preserves vegetables custards cheese cake and pies.
In the 19th century the turkey has the additional charm that most Victorians in Yankeeland were positive that the Pilgrims had it too Oliver said.
The Victorians were 200 to 300 years after the first settlement here and they were romanticizing the past pretty energetically.
In the last few years Smith said foodies have embraced the past with heirloom turkeys that boast more dark meat than modern farmed birds.
8 Terrific Turkey Facts A parade of sides Like the turkey some Thanksgiving sides were associated with the meal from its official beginning.
Stuffing poultry with bread chunks dates back to Roman times Bertelsen said. Cranberries and pumpkins are both Northeastern crops that are ready in the fall making their inclusion in a fall harvest feast a no-brainer.
Potatoes'place in the meal reflects their general popularity. We like having potatoes at Thanksgiving
because people like having potatoes at every meal Oliver said. Potatoes originated in South america and were taken to Europe by Spanish explorers.
and then immigrated to The americas Smith said White potatoes didn't become a keystone of the American diet until about 1872 Bertelsen said
Cornbread stuffing (or dressing as Southerners call it) hails from the South as do sweet potatoes.
In fact both dishes reflect African american cultural heritage said independent culinary historian Michael Twitty. Sweet potatoes were one of the many root crops that were a staple in the West indies where enslaved Africans were pressed into service on sugarcane plantations Twitty told Livescience.
and boiled it down into molasses to make rum. These men would take a cast-iron dish of sweet potatoes to the boiling house
and spoon ladles of the molten sugar over the dish. The boiling sugar was so hot it cooked the potatoes as it cooled.
If you think about one of our favorite dishes at Thanksgiving candied yams that started out as food for slaves Twitty said.
Sweet potatoes are called often yams but they're actually different plants.)Cornbread is a Native american food adapted by European Americans
and African americans alike Twitty said. West african meals typically include mushes like couscous or other grains he said.
Cornmeal played that role for enslaved Africans who would mash up day-old cornbread with pepper salt and herbs.
People loved it Twitty said. It came to be part and parcel of the enslaved table and the table of their owners as well.
So it was a clear influence on how we eat. The modernization of Thanksgiving In many ways Thanksgiving remains a throwback to old ways of eating:
Whole roast birds a giant meal at midday instead of a big evening dinner foods cooked from scratch.
But modernization has influenced the holiday meal to some extent. Green-bean casserole usually made with mushroom soup
and fried onions on top was a 20th-century invention. In 1955 a Campbell soup Co. home economist named Dorcas Reilly invented the recipe
which was made with Campbell's Cream of Mushroom Soup and French's French fried onions.
and Easter because of that casserole Oliver said. Canned cranberry sauce is relatively new on the scene too.
In 1912 the Cape cod Cranberry Company started selling canned cranberry sauce under the now-familiar Ocean Spray name Bertelsen said.
Cranberries had long been associated with the holiday but now there was a convenient food that made serving them as easy as wielding a can opener.
The South prefers its sweet-potato pie to the pumpkin variety Twitty said and pecan pie has Southern roots as well.
Norwegian Americans make a potato flatbread called lefse which they serve with meatballs Bertelsen said.
The deep-fried turkey is catching on around the country perhaps inspired by Southern ways of cooking.
Avoiding Fried Turkey Disaster (Infographic) I speak as a connoisseur: The deep-fried turkey has a flavor all to its own said Smith.
All of this adds up to massive losses in the fields losses that will continue to mount as climate change feeds off billions of tons of greenhouse gasses spewed into the global atmosphere every year.
Agency officials also said to be careful with fire salts. The same heavy metals in these salts that produce magnificent colored flames can also wreak havoc on your gastrointestinal system so make sure they stay away from kids who may put them in their mouths.
CPSC officials said it's not a good idea to adorn your home with sharp heavy
and increased their gathering of plant materials to supplement their diet. Evidence indicates that about 10800 years ago the climate underwent a sharp cold turn lasting for several years.
By 8000 B c. the cultivation of wheat barley and other plants had spread from its origins in the Fertile Crescent through much of the Indo european world.
Food safety experts have found that much of the honey sold in the United states isn't actually honey but a concoction of corn or rice syrup malt sweeteners or jiggery (cheap unrefined sugar) plus a small amount of genuine honey according to Wired UK.
but you can create a counterfeit product that looks very similar using sugar instead of bees David Bell director of Protium (manufacturer of the isotope ratio-meter) told Wired UK.
or weeds might also have unintended consequences when combined and later spread outside crops. The solution could be as simple as labeling the harmful fungicides.
and Drug Administration (FDA) to review the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed without a sound scientific basis. Rep. Fincher's worries largely are unfounded.
The evolution of evolution sounds like a chicken-and-egg problem especially if you think as Goldenfeld does that life is by definition something capable of evolving.
One considers the rules of the game that the genetic code is just one manifestation of.
#How Birds Lost Their Penises How did the chicken lose its penis? By killing off the growing appendage in the egg.
That's the finding of a new study which reveals how most birds evolved to lose their external genitalia.
Turns out a particular protein released during the development of chickens quail and most other birds nips penis development in the bud according to the new research published today (June 6) in the journal Current Biology.
anseriformes which include penis-wielding ducks swans and geese and galliformes which make up most land-loving birds
along with research assistant Ana Herrera and their colleagues grew embryos from chickens (galliformes) and ducks (anseriformes) and tracked their penis growth.
Chickens and ducks start to develop their genitalia in such a similar manner that they're almost indistinguishable.
By the time they're born chickens and their galliforme relatives are left with only an opening called the cloaca rather than an external penis. In duck embryos the penis continues to grow.
The disappearing phallus Next the researchers set out to find out what stops a chick's penis from growing
while allowing a duck's to reach startling lengths. They expected to find something missing in chickens some mysterious molecular factor that would have spurred
otherwise the penises to greater lengths. Instead the found just the opposite. In chick embryos penis development is halted by the release of bone morphogenetic protein 4 or Bmp4.
and replanting were behind the rapid spread of the Rim Fire fire experts say. To see the effect one has just to look at how quickly the wildfire raced through the Stanislaus National Forest compared to its halting progress in Yosemite national park.
and spatial scales that will not conserve forests into the future Stephens told Livescience. Tree ring studies show California's mountain forests evolved with frequent low-intensity fires every 10 or 15 years.
As the Rim Fire incinerated parts of Stanislaus Forest Stephens evacuated a four-person research crew studying an old-growth stand of trees that included sugar pine incense cedar ponderosa pine
In their research led by Nathalie Tufenkji a professor of chemical engineering they added cranberry derivatives directly to laboratory dishes growing two bacteria mostly commonly associated with UTIS Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
but then suddenly grow elongated flagella whiplike appendages to propel them to a new region to inhabit. 6 Superbugs to Watch out For Tufenkji's group found that cranberry powder in a petri dish limited the growth of flagella
and made the jump to chickens at least twice. As the researchers studied the H7n9 flu they found a previously unknown virus called H7n7.
and chickens is common. Many flu viruses Guan noted don't cause people any problems. They spread through poultry populations
chickens ducks quail geese pigeons and partridges. They sequenced the virus's genomes and the results are published Thursday (Aug 22) in the journal Nature.
It seems to spread easily from chickens to people though there's no evidence of sustained person-to-person transmission.
A key development for the virus was altering its proteins so it could bind to the cells in the upper respiratory tracts of chickens.
However once the virus infects the chickens'upper respiratory tract people in close contact with the animals are more likely to be infected.
The simplest way to deal with outbreaks Guan said is to cull the chickens and ban the overnight storage of live poultry.
and a 2012 study found these measures reduced the spread of influenza. Racaniello emphasized that
#How Sandy Storm Damage Became NYC Playground NEW YORK Thousands of trees collapsed across New york city during Hurricane Sandy last year causing tangled messes that have left gaping voids throughout city sidewalks and parks.
#How School Lunches Can Help Fight Obesity Federally funded school lunches long derided as unhealthy
Students who receive such lunches as part of the National School Lunch Program are disadvantaged often from backgrounds
whether these free lunches just make matters worse. But the question cannot be answered it seems by simply comparing those who get free lunches with those who buy or pack their own because of the confounding factors of poverty and strained home life.
So researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) decided to compare individual states because state laws influence school menus.
or low-cost meals in states where lunches exceeded USDA nutritional standards were less likely to be overweight
or obese than students getting these meals in states that only marginally met the USDA standards.
More specifically the difference in obesity rates between those who got free lunches (often poor children)
The results are encouraging in lowering obesity rates among disadvantaged students receiving subsidized lunches said study researcher Daniel Taber a research scientist at UIC's Institute for Health Research and Policy.
Taber told Livescience that fewer than 10 of the 40 states analyzed were ahead of the curve by 2006 in requiring stronger nutritional standards than those dictated by the USDA to receive funding for the National School Lunch Program.
These states had the best success in improving the weight status of students receiving subsidized lunches.
Students did not compensate for the healthier school meals by buying more snacks or sodas on school premises a fear expressed by opponents of federal
The National School Lunch Program established in 1946 has had a history of shortcomings. Many nutritionists complained early on that the program was aligned more to the USDA's agenda of helping commercial farmers than feeding poor children.
A decline in funding in the 1970s provided food conglomerates with a foothold to providing meals often of low nutritional quality.
In 1982 additional cuts led to the infamous recommendation that pickled relish and other condiments could count as a vegetable serving.
Considering ketchup as a substitute vegetable was mentioned never in the regulations but was the subject of news media editorials
and ultimately falsely attributed to Ronald Reagan.)Nestle said that the new study helps demonstrate that the stricter USDA guidelines based on science rather than politics can reduce obesity.
but it helps the chefs figure out the most effective ways to prepare some of the most popular meals.
and injecting a bit of science into the process even a novice can ensure the end result is a meal to be thankful for he said.
The salt will change the protein structure within the muscle fibers so the turkey will hold onto more moisture in the cooking process Bishop explained.
As a general rule he recommends using a half-cup of table salt for every gallon of water.
Before placing the turkey in the oven Bishop suggests brushing the raw bird with butter.
Plus the turkey's white meat and dark meat should ideally be cooked to different temperatures. You don't want white meat to be overcooked
because it begins to dry out Bishop said. Dark meat on the other hand shouldn't be undercooked because it'll be chewy.
The easiest and most reliable way to ensure parts of the turkey are not under
Before taking the turkey out of the oven the white meat in the breast should be 160 degrees F (71 degrees C)
and the dark meat in the thighs and legs should be 165 degrees (74 degrees Celsius).
We've found that really helps get juicier breast meat and rather than basting the bird this is one thing worth doing.
But if you let the meat rest the muscle fibers will hold onto their internal moisture as you carve.
But there's more to a Thanksgiving meal than just a turkey. Here are other tips from Bishop and the Test Kitchen team:
For perfect pie dough just add vodka: The secret to baking a flaky pie crust is to add vodka to the mix Bishop said.
Usually ice water is what brings pie dough together to make it workable but if you skimp on water you end up with a dough that's cracked
and hard to work with Bishop said. So most cooks add extra water which makes the dough easier to work with
but the extra water activates the glutens in the flour. And too much gluten makes the dough tough instead of flaky.
Test Kitchen chefs discovered that the ethanol in vodka helps moisten the dough but it does not activate gluten development.
As such Bishop recommends using half-ice water and half-vodka when making pie dough. And there's no need to worry about boozing up your pie dough.
The alcohol bakes off in the oven so you can't taste it Bishop explained.
 Use a ricer for lump-free mashed potatoes: For fluffy lump-free mashed potatoes Test Kitchen chefs found that a potato ricer is the best tool to use.
It's basically a big garlic press but you get very fine shreds so it's easier to work with the cooked potatoes Bishop said.
It's pretty cheap but if you can't get one then a regular masher can make light and fluffy potatoes too.
And which variety of potato is best for mashing? Russets are ideal but Yukon Gold potatoes can also be used Bishop said.
Cooking stuffing inside the turkey's cavity may be a nice tradition but it slows down the entire cooking process Bishop said.
Stuffing has eggs in it so it has to heat up to 165 degrees Fahrenheit to be at a safe temperature.
You don't want to be waiting for the stuffing and meanwhile the breast meat is drying out.
If you don't want to cook the stuffing separately however Bishop recommends warming it up before the stuffing goes inside the bird.
 Warming stuffing in the microwave so it's not ice cold will at least give it a head start he said.
Follow Denise Chow on Twitter@denisechow. Follow Livescience@livescience Facebookâ & Google+.+Original article on Livescience L
#How to Get Kids to Eat Healthy Without Breaking the Bank Childhood obesity has doubled more than in children in the past 30 years according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.
Check out my best tips for creating healthy meals on a budget: Add brown rice instead of French fries:
Mix nonfat Greek yogurt with granola and berries. The big splurge here is the fresh fruit so during the off-season consider buying frozen and blending it into a puree.
They work great in stir-fries stews and casseroles. Make pita pizzas. Buy some whole-wheat pitas and top them with healthy pizza toppings.
The pita and marinara sauce totals about $0. 80 per serving but of course your total cost will depend on your choice of toppings.
Here are some inexpensive ideas: canned pineapple (drained) black olives mushrooms baby spinach garlic and leftover chicken (but not necessarily on the same pizza.
Healthy Bites appears on Myhealthnewsdaily on Wednesdays. Deborah Herlax Enos is certified a nutritionist and a health coach
and weight loss expert in the Seattle area with more than 20 years of experience. Read more tips on her blogâ Health in a Hurry H
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