The administration has submitted also an amicus brief in support of the meat industry's challenge to California's anti-downer law
The administration argued that the Federal Meat Inspection Act preempted California's law and that only the federal government could regulate the care
and slaughtered at federal meat processing facilities including in California. The burning question is why is the administration aligning itself with the meat industry
and shark-finning interests on these important questions? And why does it argue that only the federal government not the states can speak on these matters?
Tchukki Anderson a staff arborist for the Tree Care Industry Association says many people have had success by mixing a tablespoon of sugar or corn syrup in the water.
However the study's author tree scientist Les Werner says additives such as sugar aspirin or even vodka don't help.
Honeybees use both visual and olfactory cues to recognize flowersâ that produce nectar in return for insect pollination.
Not all flowers produce nectar and bees avoid those that don't by learning to recognize the odors of nectar-bearing flowers.
Over the course of two hours the researchers measured the concentrations of the eight volatile compounds under the various conditions.
Honeybee smell recognition The researchers also conditioned a group of honeybees to recognize the synthetic floral odor by repeatedly exposing them to it in conjunction with a nectar reward.
whether the bees extended their proboscis the strawlike mouthpart they use to suck up nectar within 10 seconds of exposure to the odor in the study chambers.
which has been associated with the spread of synthetic pesticide use and other manmade materials but remains poorly understood.
and the plant makes up most of their diet. Thousands of miles away in Africa bamboo is also an important food for mountain gorillas.
But when and where this process of spread took place remains mysterious. The possibility remains that African bamboos could represent the modern ancestors of all current Asian bamboos
or none including foods with labels sporting the words multigrain 12-grain stoneground high fiber enriched wheat flour and (unbelievably) whole grain.
Also whole grain might be the first ingredient in food products tainted with less desirables such as Lucky Charms cereal magically delicious with magic perhaps derived from copious marshmallows (second ingredient) containing sugar corn starch
and corn syrup followed by more sugar (third ingredient) more corn syrup (fifth ingredient) and more corn starch (sixth ingredient).
A study published in January in the journal Public health Nutrition by researchers at Harvard School of Public health found that most whole grain labeling is confusing with the industry-supported Whole Grain stamp pointing to foods higher in sugar
A 1999 study led by David Ludwig now director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children's Hospital found that obese teenagers who ate a breakfast of instant oatmeal a highly processed
whole grain that cooks in seconds were much hungrier later in the day compared with those who ate steel-cut (long-cooking) oats or an egg omelet;
and the instant-oatmeal eaters had blood sugar spikes similar to what's seen after eating simple non-whole-grain white bread.
All in the processing Ludwig's more recent work has demonstrated that how a grain whole or refined is processed truly determines its healthfulness.
Most grain contains inedible chaff (fed to animals) bran (the oil-rich outer layer) germ (the grain seed's nutrient-rich embryo) and the endosperm (the starchy center.
Refined grains such as packaged white bread and most breakfast cereals have a high GI 70 or above;
Non-intact whole grains such as whole-grain breads are in the middle. You won't garner this information from a food label.
or instant breakfast cereals compared with whole grains you need to cook for 30 minutes
One exception is said pasta Ludwig. The process of extruding and drying the durum wheat (which itself is very different from wheat species used for bread) leads to a surprisingly low GI food with a slower digestion rate.
Popcorn is technically a whole grain and may provide some of the benefits that come from consuming other whole grains said Joanne Slavin a professor at University of Minnesota.
Provided the popcorn isn't laden with sugar salt oil or butter the advantage also might be
what it replaces snacks such as potato chips or crackers. Along these lines Slavin's approach is not merely to add more whole grains to your diet
but rather to substitute them for less-healthful foods: to add a higher ratio of whole grain oat or wheat flour to white in recipes for example.
As healthy as whole grains are they aren't essential to human health unlike fat and protein.
Proponents of the paleolithic diet argue that grains entered the human diet only a few thousand years ago.
Yet grains do provide many essential nutrients and a feeling of fullness and the more whole the grain the more nutrients it will have
and the greater a sense of satiety it will provide. Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein!
Accounts of that day which became known as New england's Dark Day include mentions of midday meals by candlelight night birds coming out to sing flowers folding their petals and strange behavior from animals.
#Why Aren't Turkey Eggs Sold at the Grocery? As you pick up your turkey at the grocery store this week you might wonder why you never see the birds'eggs for sale.
Gobbling turkeys do lay eggs. But selling them in grocery stores would have its drawbacks. Turkey eggs small numbers and big size make them less practical for the poultry section.
Chickens start reproducing early and pump out more eggs than turkeys. The larger size of turkey eggs requires more room to nest
which takes up too much space in a coop. Economically meat from a grown turkey bird is much more valuable than an extra large fried egg.
Plus some breeds of turkey have retained a strong mothering instinct which is good for hatching chicks
but tough on farmers trying to collect the eggs. If you still want turkey eggs your best bet is to try a farm stand.
Or buy a live turkey and wait for it to lay an egg. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter@llmysteries. We're also on Facebook & Google
#Why Australia's Wildfires Are So Bad A dry warm winter set the stage for dozens of wildfires currently threatening populated areas in New south wales Australia.
The fires have destroyed hundreds of homes and sent smoke and ash into the air over Sydney.
The region which is now entering summer also experienced hundreds of fires this January during a catastrophic heat wave.
 The past three months have been among the driest 10 percent on record in New south wales (NSW) said Todd Lane a meteorologist at the University of Melbourne.
and nutrients to produce the red colors of fall several other climate-related changes could dim autumn forests Neufeld said.
Under current conditions the fall signals of cool nights and sunny days prompt trees to temporarily store nutrients in their leaves in the form of red pigments.
instead burn off their sugar or send it to the twigs Neufeld said. That means the trees won't use that sugar to make red pigments.
See Where Fall Leaves Are Turning Other factors like increased cloud cover and precipitation could also dim red colors by reducing photosynthesis Neufeld said.
Less photosynthesis means less sugar to fuel anthocyanin production. Invasives and other effects Warming has brought already the hemlock wooly adelgid northward devastating hemlock trees Iverson said.
#Why Carbs May Cause Food Cravings Refined carbohydrates such as corn syrup could trigger food cravings not unlike the cravings that drug addicts experience new research suggests.
whereas refined carbs such as sugar corn syrup and white flour cause sharp spikes in blood sugar. Research suggests that refined carbohydrates are tied to pleasurable feelings
cheesecake versus steamed broccoli for instance. That made it difficult to discern whether the carbohydrates or some other part of the food caused the cravings. 8 Tips for Fighting Sugar Cravings Sugar cravings To tease out this difference Ludwig
and his colleagues gave 12 overweight and obese young men two drinks. One contained cornstarch which has a low glycemic index meaning it causes only a gradual rise in blood sugar.
The other drink contained corn syrup which has a high glycemic index. The researchers used artificial zero-calorie sweeteners to make the two drinks taste identical.
At the same time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of those who drank the corn syrup drink showed increased activation in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens
or cake may not only stimulate hunger but also make the idea of eating seem more rewarding and pleasurable to the brain.
To put it simply we didn't evolve to eat the low-fat Twinkie for breakfast.
In this scenario the dog may even be seeking out grass to get additional nutrients it may not have in its normal diet such as fiber minerals or digestive enzymes.
Despite the health benefits of milk consumption of milk in the United states dropped to its lowest levels in nearly 30 years in 2011 with more than half of adults cutting milk completely out of their diet according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
As all mammals do human infants produce hefty amounts of lactase an enzyme that allows the body to digest lactose without lactase babies can't digest their mothers'nutrient-rich milk.
How lactose tolerance initially spread isn't entirely clear. One theory suggests pioneering farmers and their families migrated out of Central europe with domesticated crops that weren't suited for the new environment.
With poor crops and possibly contaminated water sources they increasingly turned to cow's milk for sustenance making it a regular part of their diet.
10 Beastly Tales Front-line testers At the beginning of the space race countries sent chimpanzees dogs and rabbits into space as testers.
There they incubate their eggs and raise their young until they grow big enough to leave the nest.
When the birds divvied up their use of the different nest sites in the past predation on their eggs
Milk is nature's buffet for babies providing all the nutrition a mammalian infant needs for early development outside the womb.
Cow's milk provides a range of nutrients for humans although intolerance to lactose a difficult-to-digest sugar is a common affliction.
Milk consists of about 5 percent lactose 3. 7 percent fats and 3. 5 percent proteins.
The Dutch Agricultural Development and Trading Company for example developed a technology that brings a mobile cassava processing plant to villages enabling farmers in Mozambique to process their roots into cassava cakes that can be stored for up to two years.
and corrupted officials and business people only too eager to pilfer a slice of the pie.
They have also been found rummaging in the fodder of dairy cattle which they can contaminate with their droppings Sullivan said.
We consider them a real delicacy on the table in my house Hughes said. Especially at Thanksgiving he added.
and offal like the trim from hides (an indigestible but harmless filler). Many dry and wet dog pet foods also contain rice wheat and other plants not to mention added vitamins and minerals.
and gravy style of canned pet food that caused rapid kidney failure and death in hundreds and possibly thousands of animals.
The FDA later recalled more animal edibles tracing the problem back to wheat gluten a component used to thicken pet foods.
Scientists who tested the pet meals in question say an ingredient called melamine (a fire retardant
The melamine that made its way into pet food sold in the United states came from a Chinese manufacturer of wheat gluten.
which increase fire spread and intensity. Climate change is described usually as an increase of a certain number of degrees over 50
and reproduction and at certain times of the year can be more than half their diet in many places in North america.
and it should have been shortening. This was due to earlier springs and the later onset of fall.
#Yogurt Lovers Have Better Diets People who like yogurt may be enjoying more than its taste and texture.
They also may be enjoying a better-balanced diet and getting more key nutrients than people who never eat the cultured dairy product  new research shows.
As a group people who said they ate yogurt also reported consuming higher amounts of other good for you-you foods such as fruits vegetables nuts fish
And their diets obtained fewer calories from processed meats refined grains and beer than did the diets of non-yogurt eaters according to the study
which received some funding from a yogurt manufacturer. The peer-reviewed findings are available online in the journal Nutrition Research.
Yogurt is a very good source of many shortfall nutrients calcium potassium and magnesium that Americans don't currently consume enough of said study author Paul Jacques of  Tufts University.
 Yogurt is a good way to meet your dietary requirements for nutrients that you may not be currently eating.
 Boosting shortfall nutrients People participating in the study were asked to recall how often they ate a one-cup serving of yogurt.
In addition to having a better-quality diet the men and women who regularly spooned in some yogurt had higher potassium intakes.
and 55 percent less apt to have shortfalls of Vitamin b12 a nutrient lacking in some older people's diets.
 We found that yogurt consumers had higher intakes of just about every nutrient we measured Jacques said.
If people substitute yogurt for less healthy foods in the diet it may help eliminate the inadequate intake of shortfall nutrients.
one and a half ounces of a hard cheese like Swiss or cheddar; or two cups of cottage cheese for example.
A one-cup serving of low-fat yogurt has a similar nutrition profile to that of a cup of low-fat milk
Yogurt eaters seem to have healthier diets overall. This story was provided by Myhealthnewsdaily a sister site to Livescience.
Word of Yosemite s beauty spread and the first group of tourists arrived in 1855.
and flush toilets only Curry Village and Housekeeping Camp have showers. Those who want a roof over their heads have no shortage of choices.
while canvas-and hard-sided cabins at Curry Village White wolf Lodge and others provide a back-to-nature feel without the tents.
Many people I know would feel guilty preparing a green bean casserole with frozen beans or (gasp) using frozen corn for grandma's corn pudding recipe.
But are frozen vegetables really inferior? What about canned? Research has provided some answers. Frozen vs. Fresh Frozen fruits and vegetables may have higher levels of vitamins A
It's true that canning often lowers the content of water-soluble nutrients and those that are broken down at high temperatures
Regardless of its powers to put you in the mood this succulent savory vegetable contains a stimulating blend of nutrients making this member of the lily family a fantastic food for your health.
Regulating blood sugar The B vitamins abundant in asparagus play a key role in metabolizing sugar and starches
Pregnancy Diet: What to Eat What Not to Eat Digestive health Asparagus is one of the few vegetables that contain inulin a unique carbohydrate associated with improved digestion.
People who are allergic to other members of the lily family such as onions garlic and chives are more likely to be allergic to asparagus.
Symptoms include a runny nose hives trouble breathing and puffiness or swelling around the mouth and lips.
Health Benefits, Health Risks & Nutrition Facts Turns out that onions are nothing to cry over these flavorful bulbs are packed with nutrients.
Partly because of their use in cooking around the world onions are among the most significant sources of antioxidants in the human diet.
when onions are simmered to make soup. It transfers to the water instead especially when cooked on a low heat.
They initiate detoxification by forming the basis for glutathione helps the liver process toxins. Digestion The fiber in onions promotes good digestion
We remember the fish which we did eat in Egypt freely the cucumbers and the melons and the leeks and the onions and the garlic.
eating them raw or cooked as a seasoning or as a vegetable. Onions were used also in syrups as poultices as an ingredient in dyes and even as toys.
Slicing onions makes you cry because when you cut into it the onion produces a sulfur-based gas.
To avoid onion breath eat a sprig of parsley or rinse your mouth with equal parts lemon juice and water or chew a citrus peel.
Animals sometimes drink salt from sweat urine and even blood de la Rosa said. These new findings support a 2012 report of a bee sipping the tears of a yellow-spotted river turtle in Ecuador's Yasunã National park. Similar findings were seen with butterflies drinking the tears of yellow-spotted river
what other kinds of nutrients might be in crocodilian tears in addition to the sodium in salt.
#Early Life Pain May Affect The next Generation A mom's painful early life experiences might influence her offspring's sensitivity to pain according to a new study of lambs and ewes.
It's likely that the same is true in lambs though the link is currently speculative.
Next the researchers tested the lambs of the 20 ewes in the study for their sensitivity to discomfort.
To do so they pressed a metal rod into the lambs'feet gently just until the lamb twitched
The lambs from ewes that had had an early-life infection responded more promptly than the lambs born to ewes in the other groups.
Epigenetics could be the cause of the lambs'greater sensitivity Mendl said but researchers don't know that yet those lambs might also have altered sensitivity because of their more difficult birth experiences for example.
A lot more work needs to be done to fully understand the results Mendl said starting with reproducing the findings and investigating their causes.
Good bacteria are turning up in everything from toothpaste and chocolate to juices and cereals.
or worthwhile additions to the diet she said. At some level there's more hype about probiotics than there should be told Hibberd Livescience.
Other probiotic-rich foods include kefir a fermented milk drink and aged cheeses such as cheddar Gouda Parmesan and Swiss.
Beyond the dairy case probiotics are also found in pickles packed in brine sauerkraut kimchi (a spicy Korean condiment) tempeh (a soy-based meat substitute)
and miso (a Japanese soybean paste used as a seasoning). Then there are foods that seemingly jumped on the probiotics bandwagon.
Probiotics are some of the most expensive dietary supplements with one dose often costing more than $1 a day according to a 2013 study by Consumerlab. com
The researchers also sampled white suckers and redhorse suckers. Neither species showed signs of intersex characteristics
although the team did find an egg cell precursor in the blood of some white suckers.
and the manure of animals like cows chickens and pigs the researchers said. It's not clear exactly
#Shorebirds Adopt Baby Duckling, Cuteness Ensues A family of long-legged shorebirds adopted a fuzzy baby duckling this month in California's San francisco bay.
U s. Geological Survey (USGS) biologist Jarred Barr discovered the duckling among a brood of downy avocet chicks on July 2.
The blended family was foraging in wetlands at the Eden Landing Ecological Reserve part of the massive South Bay Salt Ponds Restoration Project.
We don't know how the duckling got separated from its family but they were all feeding already
Plucking a few feathers from shorebird hatchlings reveals how much mercury was in their eggs before they hatched.
The biologists occasionally find eggs from other species such as terns in avocet nests Hartman said.
Avocets have sat also on stilt eggs and raised the hatchlings as if they were their own chicks.
But this is the first time the USGS biologists have discovered a duck-avocet adoption. Hartman thinks it's likely the duckling was separated from its family after it hatched
and glommed on to the avocets. This is cross-species and it's really cross-order.
They have different diets and different foraging modes so a duckling would really be raised better off by other ducks Barr felt the same
and after spotting a mallard family a few ponds over from the avocet-duck flock he went back for the duckling
#but it couldn't be found again. Our plans fell through but we didn't want to disturb the birds any further he said.
For the most part we just let nature take its course and the birds can sort themselves out.
Both ducklings and avocets are resourceful babies however with the capability to feed on their own soon after hatching.
As long as the duckling finds the right food sources and the right habitat it could survive on its own the scientists said.
They are normally 26 to 34 inches (66 to 86 centimeters) from head to rump.
they eat both meat and vegetation. Typical meals for a wolverine include large game like caribou moose and mountain goats;
smaller animals like ground squirrels and rodents; and even birds'eggs and berries. They like meat best
though and will go to great lengths to get it. They can travel 15 miles (24 kilometers) in a 24-hour period in search of food
and will even eat dead animals they did not kill. Wolverines have a keen sense of smell; they can smell prey 20 feet under the snow.
and retrieve a meal. Wolverines prefer colder areas because they use the snow for dens besides food storage.
This verdant vegetable is a powerhouse of nutrients. It's reputed to benefit digestion the cardiovascular system
Broccoli also contains additional nutrients including some magnesium phosphorus a little zinc and iron. Here are the nutrition facts for broccoli according to the U s. Food and Drug Administration
Excess homocysteine an amino acid that builds up after a person eats red meat increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
The way that you prepare broccoli can affect the amount of nutrients you get and which ones.
Boiling led to the biggest losses of cancer-fighting nutrients. Steaming for up to 20 minutes microwaving for up to three minutes and stir-frying for up to five minutes produced no significant loss of cancer-preventive substances.
Raw broccoli maintains all of its nutrients but it is also more likely to irritate your bowels and cause gas.
Zebra like anthrax grasses The scientists found that the soil fertilized by the carcasses they studied was rich with nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen.
The grass around the carcasses was also significantly taller and richer in nutrients. The scientists also discovered that anthrax spores were found on grasses up to two years after the zebras had died.
Carcass sites became less attractive 1. 5 to 2. 5 years after a zebra had died once the nutrients from the corpses faded away.
Because anthrax prevents blood from clotting the researchers suspect that the anthrax-ridden carcasses might release more nutrients into the soil than regular carcasses do
And keep pets clean to limit the spread of pollen indoors. Rinsing your nose with saline nasal sprays
#Trendy'Paleo'Diet May not Suppress Appetite The trendy paleo diet a plant-based diet inspired by the idea that human ancestors mainly consumed roughage may not be so good at suppressing appetite according to new research conducted on gut bacteria.
what humans'ancestors used to eat the researchers said. 11 Surprising Things That Can Make Us Gain Weight According to paleontological evidence the diet of early hominins included considerably more plants than the contemporary human diet the researchers wrote in the study.
Though they look similar these two subspecies are very different in size habitat diet and more.
The African lion is 4. 5 to 6. 5 feet (1. 4 to 2 meters) long from its head to its rump
But an innovative company is trying to change that with a little help from a common pizza topping:
Genome May Lead to Even Spicier Peppers Editor's Note: This article was updated at 3: 20 p m. ET:
Scientists have sequenced the genome of the pepper plant revealing the genes responsible for pepper's spiciness.
and incite research on related pepper agronomy traits and help breeders accelerate the research of new breeds by molecular biology techniques said study co-author Cheng Qin a researcher at Sichuan Agricultural University in China.
Pepper history Peppers were domesticated first by Native americans in the tropics of South america as far back as 8000 years ago from a wild variant known as Chiltepin annuum (variant glabriusculum.
The pepper which is part of a family that includes the tomato and the potato soon spread from the New world after Columbus arrived in The americas.
and more than 34.6 million tons of the peppers were harvested in 2011. Tip of the Tongue:
Some of the resulting peppers including the Carolina Reaper and the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion can be 100000 times as spicy as the humble pimento pepper
and researchers have calculated that 2. 7 pounds of the spice from these peppers would be enough to kill a human.
For comparison a Trinidad Moruga Scorpion contains about the same amount of capsaicin as a shot-glass of law enforcement-grade pepper spray.
Genome sequenced To learn more about the pepper Qin and his colleagues sequenced the genome of a pepper cultivated at their institution known as Zunla-1 along with its wild counterpart.
The team found that the pepper diverged from tomatoes and potatoes about 36 million years ago.
In addition about 81 percent of the plant's genome was made up of transposons or so-called jumping genes that can move to other places within the genome.
In addition the team scanned the genomes of 18 cultivated peppers to compare differences between wild and cultivated varieties.
The findings suggest two new ways to breed even spicier peppers either by identifying peppers with the right spice genes and crossbreeding them or by genetically engineering the peppers to express more copies of the heat-producing genes Qin said.
Editor's Note: This article was corrected to note that new research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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