or sleeping more deeply at night, is sleep deprivation reducing their cognitive abilities or shortening their life spans?
but that undercuts the market for timber that is sustainably produced, says Doug Boucher, head of the tropical-forestry programme for the Union of Concerned Scientists in Cambridge, Massachusetts."
as well as herbs such as rosemary and basil, which may have served as flavourings or preservatives, or added to give the wine medicinal properties.
A limestone platform (see picture), dated to about 425-400 bc, also carried tartaric acid residues.
since 1982, causing substantial economic losses to pork producers. The virus can spread quickly by a faecal-oral route
The US Department of agriculture (USDA) had tried to keep PEDV and other diseases out of the country by restricting imports of pigs and pork products from certain nations, such as China.
the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Iowa State university in Ames confirmed that PEDV had infected pigs in Iowa, the leading producer of US pork.
US Department of agriculture"It s a real threat, says Lisa  Becton, a veterinary surgeon and director of swine health information at the National Pork Board, an industry group in Des Â
The National Pork Board has approved $800, 000 to fund research and education. But PEDV must first be grown in labs a notoriously difficult exercise
or cordgrass, a fiercely invasive salt-marsh grass that is native to eastern North america. In 1979, the plant was introduced to China
Cordgrass"will continue to eat up the tidal flats and spread to other parts of the reserve
and on enabling the import of GM CROPS for use as animal feed, a widespread EU practice that is less controversial than cultivating the crops in European fields.
And it identified some crops, such as sorghum and bananas, that have few, if any, relatives secured in collections.
12 18 july 2013biofuels brake Biofuels made from food crops are on course to be curbed in Europe after an 11 Â July vote by the environment committee in the European parliament.
which swap genes to form versions that can spread to chickens and to humans. Better surveillance of Chinese bird populations is needed to monitor the emergence of dangerous viruses such as H7n9,
The researchers collected throat and intestinal swabs from 1, 341 birds, including chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, partridges and quails, plus 1, 006 water and faecal samples from bird markets.
The scientists think that those viruses swapped genes in domestic ducks before spreading to chickens, where they traded genes with a common chicken virus, H9n2.
That improved the viruses'ability to spread in chickens, which live in close contact with humans.
suggesting that a spread to humans is possible. It really shows that the emergence of these types of viruses can happen at any time,
They fathered twice as many lambs as those with two copies of the short-horned allele,
Sally  Mackenzie, a plant biologist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, contacted APHIS about the high-yield offspring of a transgenic sorghum grass plant
which is really important to conserve, could be threatened because the genotype with the transgene would outcompete the normal species,
such as wine grapes and the sugar maple trees used to make maple syrup.""Climate changes are impacting the everyday lives of real people,
but could have spread to humans through one or more intermediate hosts. Researchers reported on 9 Â August that of 50 Â Omani camels sampled,
storing fats and using sugars more efficiently. This in turn, is thought to make them better able to withstand food scarcity later in life,
The use of vapour flavourings such as vanilla, could also be seen as an attempt to prolong use
and appeal to younger consumers. Other scientists, such as Hajek, say that regulating e-cigarettes as medical devices would be a disaster.
On 13 september, researchers announced that they have bred a tropical pasture grass that can significantly suppress greenhouse-gas emissions.
The team found similar activity in a few other plants, including sorghum, but Brachiaria grasses were best.
The latest findings suggest that manure is helping antibiotic resistance to spread, says Joan Casey, an environmental-health scientist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health in Baltimore, Maryland,
which strains isolated from local livestock had spread to humans. But they also found that strains could spread from humans to animals."
including resistance stemming from the controversial practice of giving antibiotics in feed to promote animal growth.
Scotland imports most of its red meat, but the authors say that the country does not have adequate surveillance in place to determine
"Meat sale and meat trade across borders is making it harder to control antibiotic-resistant pathogens at a local scale
but has spread to nearly every coffee-producing region. The insect is invulnerable to most pesticides,
in which Kepler would survey stars towards the Milky way s central bulge for signs of planets,
He has used Fermi to discover two galaxy-sized bubbles of ionized gas blowing from the centre of the Milky way,
where soils often lack crucial nutrients and help to increase yields. But fertilizers are costly for subsistence farmers
Soil nutrients and soil acidity can be determined easily with readily available cheap test strips, he adds.
and organic fertilizer produced on-farm does not replenish soils with nutrients, he says.""We will need to find solutions that fit local farmers.
a judicious use of neonicotinoids could be an effective way of controlling the spread of The argentine ant."
Earlier this month, the journal s editor-in-chief Wallace Hayes threatened retraction if SÃ ralini refused to withdraw the paper.
monitoring their spread, researching invasive mechanisms and ecological impact, and developing control technologies. This has led to an"explosion of research
A case in point is the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, an insect that feeds on plant vascular tissue called phloem.
separating individual seedlings to minimize pest spread, applying low levels of pesticides and implementing biological control with natural enemies means that"there haven t been major outbreaks since 2009,
the spread of the red turpentine beetle is mostly under control, says Sun. Fewer than 1 in 1,
As the young beetles feed, the nematodes leave through the insects'mouths. Once infected trees often die within a year
and lay eggs in. The pests seem to prefer certain pine forests over others, but the reason has not been clear."
says Sun. Â To examine the fungi s role in the relationship, the team fed nematodes and beetles with different types of fungus in a Petri dish.
"Effective ways to stop its spread are needed badly. Â In an earlier study, Sun and his team found that a chemical compound produced by beetle pupae,
Shrub genome reveals secrets of flower powera shrub with cream-coloured flowers that is the closest living descendant of Earth s first flowering plants has had its genome decoded.
so less need for animal feed, he adds. Many sites once used to produce feed could today support wheat varieties and other cereals,
Schierhorn says. If fully replanted, he estimates the region s idle land could yield some 90 million tonnes of grain per year about 35 million tonnes more than Russia s wheat production in 2013.
and animal feed projected to reach 3 billion tonnes by 2050. The extent of abandonment in western Russia is not clear cut.
FAOTO slow the spread, good farm hygiene, and prompt quarantine and destruction of infected plants are crucial.
believes that further spread is inevitable.""I m incredibly concerned, he says.""I will not be surprised
Only in the 1970s did researchers realize that a fungus living in symbiosis with tall fescue grass was responsible for making cattle grazing on infected pastures ill.
and India are driving a global increase in meat consumption, cancelling out decreases elsewhere, according to a comprehensive study of global food consumption.
at trophic level 1. Rabbits, which eat plants, occupy level 2. Foxes, which eat herbivores,
driven largely by more meat consumption in India and China. Over 50 years, an increase in fat and meat consumption has moved us further up the food web
with the global median human trophic level increasing 3%or about 0. 06 during the period."
An organism s trophic level is calculated by summing the trophic levels of the foods in its diet and the proportion in
"A change by 0. 1 means you are eating considerably more meat or animal-based foods, says Kastner.
However, places such as Iceland, Mongolia and Mauritania, where traditional diets are mostly based on meat, fish or dairy, have seen their trophic levels decline as they diversified their daily fare.
the environmental impact of producing meat in terms of everything from carbon emissions to water use is typically many times larger than that of producing vegetable foods.
Rabbit rescue China s moon rover has run into major trouble, according to a report on 25 january from state-run news agency Xinhua.
The Yutu (Jade Rabbit) rover experienced a"mechanical control abnormality as it prepared to hibernate over its second lunar night (roughly equivalent to 14 days On earth)
depriving grizzlies of energy-rich pine nuts. Moreover, say conservationists, invasive fish have crowded out native cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake at the heart of the park,
A report delivered in November by the US Geological Survey s Interagency Grizzly bear Study Team describes a resilient and healthy bear population that has adapted to the loss of pine nuts by eating more elk and bison
"Eating meat is hazardous on all fronts, says David Mattson, an ecologist at Yale university in New haven, Connecticut.
A reliance on meat heightens the risk that adult bears will come into contact with humans,
and diesel substitutes, can be produced from simple sugars, usually by fermentation. Most of the sugars come from foodstuffs,
including sugar cane and maize (corn). But most of the biomass produced in agriculture and forestry lies unused in more-complex chains of sugars, for example lignin and cellulose.
These tough, recalcitrant materials, which provide structural support for wood, grasses and the non-edible parts of crops, are hard to break down.
Producers of cellulosic ethanol currently spend 15-20%of their fuel costs on acids and enzymes to loosen
chemists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have invented now a process that they say easily extracts sugars from lignin and cellulose fibres."
and easily recovered from a mixture of dissolved sugars. Chemist James Dumesic, who is also part of the Wisconsin-Madison team,
the researchers will test their solvent at pre-pilot scales producing 1 litre of sugars per day says Luterbacher,
and Brazil either using enzymes to break up plant material into fermentable sugars, or applying extremely high temperatures to break down biomass into syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide).
Claire Curry, a bioenergy analyst at the information firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance, expects that some 50 million to 60 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol could be produced commercially worldwide this year up from just a few
Other items include a sabre-toothed cat skull and dinosaur eggs. Rolater has agreed also to pay a $25,
when researching a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus  1 (HIV-1) by spiking rabbit blood samples with antibodies.
in the cocktail of male goat pheromones that activates the neural pathway that regulates reproduction in females1.
When exposed to a cocktail of 18 of these chemicals the brains of female goats showed a sudden increase in the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) pulse generator the neural regulator of reproduction.
and the cocktail showed less of an effect when that ingredient was removed. None of the other chemicals appeared to have a statistically significant effect.
Last week, the first human case of H7n9 flu was detected in Jilin province in the far north of the country, raising a further risk of spread to North korea and Russia,
and there is no evidence of any continued human-to-human spread. But the virus is being sustained in unknown reservoirs in the poultry supply chain, making future outbreaks likely,
One year on from the first outbreak, researchers are still struggling to understand the origins and dynamics of the virus s reservoirs and spread.
Yutu (Jade Rabbit, pictured), may yet be saved. The Chinese space agency initially said on 12 Â February that efforts to rouse the rover had failed after it experienced mechanical problems in late January before going into hibernation ahead of a two-week lunar night.
Growing fish farms Some 62%of all the seafood eaten globally will be raised farm by 2030, the World bank predicts in a report released on 5 Â February.
At higher elevations, reduced air density would make it harder to create lift with each wing beat,
they would have no excess capacity to tank up on nectar and pollen, he says.""And we know they re capable of carrying double their body weight in nectar and pollen.
 Altshuler agrees.""Unless there is some unknown reason why bees want to be at 8, 000 metres,
GM CROPS detected Small amounts of genetically modified (GM CROPS are increasingly being detected in traded food and feed
But unlike most ethanol factories, in which yeast feeds on sugars in foodstuffs such as maize (corn) kernels,
Thousands of tonnes of corn stover the leaves, stalks and husks left over after the maize harvest are stacked already waiting
By June, the plant will begin processing the stover into ethanol, which will be blended with petrol
Ethanol made from corn stover produces at least 60%less greenhouse-gas emissions than petrol, and making it does not require any extra farmland.
Producers must dismember large, indigestible molecules such as cellulose and hemicellulose to yield fermentable sugars. The process requires the biomass to be ground up and pretreated with acids.
A cocktail of enzymes must then be applied to chop up the tough biological polymers inside all before the yeast is added to the resulting sugars.
And cellulosic ethanol could get cheaper with more efficient stover harvesting beefier enzymes and cheaper pretreatments.
The next day I found a rabbit in a snare I set the day before (don't worry hippies it snapped its neck
That night while I was eating my wonderful dinner they came back again. No yelling at them this time.
Instead I took a leg off the rabbit and walked up to the big boy I thought was the alpha male
The majority of EMTS and paramedics wouldnã¢Â#Â#t know to thoroughly swab for DNA before they get to work ensuring infection doesnã¢Â#Â#t spread from the gaping scalp lacerations on a 16 year
Pandas have a really ridiculous diet. Can you believe they only eat non-nutritious bamboo?
Sure it's ok to include something poor in your diet. It's not ok to make that your sole source of nutrition.
The panda is still capable of eating fish eggs and a number of other foods but it can not get them in the quantities needed to survive.)
The pandas current diet has trapped fundamentally the panda. This has proven disastrous for countless species
and getting them all of the bamboo they want for now they still have the ability to go back to a wider diet of more widely available food.
Its entire metabolism is vastly lower than normal due to its poor diet. Even its body shape has adjusted to use less energy.
However if they were to move off of their poor diet they could get more energy
Prickly hedges rise intermittently on either side of us making driving feel like a game of chicken in Grand Theft Auto.
The male red-billed buffalo weaver is the only species of bird we know of that exhibits orgasm-like behavior according to Tim Birkhead a professor in Sheffield University's Department of Animal and Plant sciences.
The buffalo weaver a native of Sub-saharan africa has a fake penis--it has no sperm duct
but when Birkhead and his colleagues manually stimulated a buffalo weaver's mock member the bird had seemed
As Birkhead described to me via email the bird shudders its wings and clenches its feet as it ejaculates--who knows
and converts it into commands for a MIDI interface which stores a large library of digital sounds. 4. Powera 120v power strip feeds electricity to the sensors
If you are eating a sandwich and having a drink you could be told you are polluting the world with you food contained in plastic.
The workers of the moon eventually come back home to earth and spread across the earth these new bacteria.
#How NASA Is Developing Fresh Space Saladearly in the history of the U s. space program space ice cream caught the imagination of American youngsters.
provide astronauts with a tastier and more nutritious diet; and even offer some psychological comfort.
Modern Farmer Just needs a space rabbit and a space Elmer Fudd lol. I read The High Frontier:
Human Colonies in Space by Gerald O'neill (Very Good Book) and it had talked about using Rabbits in space as the prime candidate for meat.
and then ticked off the goodies the Android operating system search voice social maps navigation even Chauffeur.
It's a catch-22 a classic chicken-and-egg problem: Which will come first the $100-million lidar order from a car company?
when exiting the store with a boat-load of groceries in the pouring rain. Automated Carsthis is a good project
#Google street view Can Help Scientists Monitor Invasive Speciesgoogle Street view could help monitor the spread of invasive species without resorting to labor
I guess. 1: 42 there's a guy on stage named Donald mustard hahahaha1: 43 colonel mustard is talking about lens flares1:
44 when will they talk about whether the thing will shatter if you drop it1: 47 Jenna Wortham who writes about technology for a website called the New york times told me she wants the gold iphone.
Here is copied my response from the Facebook feed: Mr. Nosowitz is perhaps my most despised writer to date.
#Find A Blue Chicken Egg? Congrats, Your Chicken Has A Virushere in the U s. our eggs mostly come in two colors:
white and brown. But there are two breeds one in Chile and one in China that are known to lay blue eggs.
Yeah weird right? And a new study has figured out why that happens. The Araucana chicken from Chile and the Dongxiang and Lushi chickens from China (none of which are particularly common in North america) are known to lay pale-blue eggs.
This is rare for a chicken; while bird eggs can come in all sorts of colors and patterns chicken eggs are almost always white or brown.
So what's the deal? A new study found that a single gene called callee oocyan is responsible for the odd coloration of these blue chicken eggs.
But how did it get there? Turns out that these chickens have a high incidence of a particular retrovirus called EAV-HP. Retroviruses are a type of virus that integrates its own genetic data into the host in an unusual order.
Instead of transcribing DNA into RNA and then into protein retroviruses operate backwards retroviruses have RNA
which they use to make DNA and then integrate that DNA into the DNA of their hosts.
HIV is probably the best-known retrovirus. This EAV-HP retrovirus is responsible for inserting that weird gene the one that turns the chicken eggs blue.
Specifically it changes the chemistry of the eggshell so that it can take in biliverdin a bile pigment from the chicken's uterus.
Weird! And not necessarily harmful; blue eggs are eaten widely and the Araucana in particular is a very popular exotic chicken breed.
But now you know why their eggs are blue! via Virology Blog I'm not sure
I go for this. There are many araucanas or more properly americanas in backyard flocks. If this is a virus acquired trait why hasn't it been passed to other chicken breeds?
A chicken is a chicken after all...The virus itself may not be there anymore -but the changed genes simply have been passed down from bird to bird-essentially creating a new breed.
Fenton Blue chickens originally from England Lay blue eggs. Humans have mutated never. All bones found have EXACTLY the same as we have...
Therefore their blue egg gene originated in South america not England d
#Pollinating Bees Are The Pesticide Deliverymen Of The Futurehere's another reason to pay attention to dwindling bee populations:
One such compound known colloquially as whisky lactone produces a strong coconut flavor in the finished dram.
Vanillin another compound extracted from the oak unsurprisingly contributes an aroma of vanilla. But because freshly charred oak has high levels of these aromatic compounds casks made from it can overpower the more delicate flavors of a Speyside malt.
Instead Glenfiddich uses barrels that have contributed already much of the wood's flavoring compounds to American bourbon.
The result is balanced a elegantly dram with notes of warm crunchy toffee marmalade on toast
As far as sarin mustard or VX goes they all have challenges says Mauroni. Sarin can evaporate when handled.
Mustard and VX can spill into the soil which then means the soil has to be dug up and cleaned.
chlorine phosgene and mustard. The German army ended the war as the heaviest user of gas.
Thanks to storms this spread far enough to affect the flock of sheep and killed over 6000.
Experts worry it may reach the European bread basket as well as China and India. Liang's program a collaboration between the United nations'Food and agriculture organization and the International atomic energy agency supported the Kenyan researcher who developed the new wheats.
what about that family that died after eating that new Winderbread whole wheat bread? Bubba: Winderbread? I had that for lunch.
You don't mean...Joe: Yup. You'd better get to a doctor. Bubba: Oh my God!
discovering that when dung beetles get lost they can navigate their way home by looking at the Milky way.
Dung beetles Use the Milky way for Orientation Marie Dacke Emily Baird Marcus Byrne Clarke H. Scholtz Eric J. Warrant Current Biology epub January 24 2013.
the medical techniques described in their report Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam techniques which they recommend except in cases where the amputated penis had been eaten partially by a duck.
and chickens low doses of antibiotics to make them grow faster. This is unnecessarily and should stop the CDC says.
Maybe its time for in vitro meat t
#Gray matter: The Fire Birdoil and water don't mix: it's an old saying but it's never more true than
but it doesn't catch fire in a deep fryer because it never approaches the approximately 800°F required.
Even if you drop a match in the fryer the heat is conducted away from the flame
The recommended oil temperature for a deep fryer is 350°well above the boiling point of water.
So even if it's tempting to buy one of the many cheap turkey deep-fryers this time of year you can add death by incineration to the other main reason not to:
grilled chicken can also sometimes catch fire. WARNING! This demonstration will burn your house down--seriously.
If you want to fry a turkey read the fryer's instructions and do not try to re-create this effect at home under any circumstances.
'To obtain realy juicy meat you need to boil it. Slow! But we all learn to like the crisp outside of meat.
That's why we incinerate our animals. And as a bonus the contrast makes us beleive the inside is juicy. that sounds like total bull ive had boiled chicken
and its the most disgusting thing you can do to fowl short of rubbing it on your toilet.
The meat becomes flavorlessm and the skin like snot. Now i dont know ive never tried
but the best way to cook it is in the oven for 20 mins a pound at 325 degrees Celsius@Lookitmeagain you are right searing meat isn't searing in the juices as the food network would like you to believe (enter conspiracy of making us eat more carcinogens) J/kthe
best way to cook meat is to bring it up to temperature slowly...low and slow.@
Reading the october 24th blog about the quail-hollow-farm-dinner one would really think there could be a bad-food-conspiracy.@
We use only peanut oil in our inside deep fryer as well much safer. Has anyone here ever had a good deep fried turkey other than Tomgray?
If turkey fryers had broader stands and had thermostats that would probably prevent many of the conflagrations on Thanksgiving.
Fried meat tastes much better due to Maiilard reactions. Get Harold Mcgee's book On Food
And Cooking ISBN 0684800012 and read up on various topics about myoglobin denaturation and meat doneness frying turkey etc..
but this year my mother brined hers (soaked it in salt -and-sugar water) then smoked it for 8 hours stuffed with apples and onions and herbs.
Lord that was a juicy turkey! don't boil it cover food with cold water or beer and let it come to a slow boil. then take out
we deep fry our turkey well 4 of them every thanksgiving. we inject 2 quarts of cajun spices into each one. skin forms a shell
Checkout Camp Chef's cast iron Ultimate Turkey Roaster which produces a much better overall turkey cooking result without the danger of frying yourself your children your pets or anything else other than the turkey.
You do not waste oil or the leg and wing meat (no need to stop and relight the burner.
You can use the same injectable marinades and rubs and the same burner to cook the bird in the same amount of per-pound time.
but the roaster eliminates so much of the danger and cleanup that I can actually enjoy beers with the guests.
I also never had a fondue for that reason. Who thought it was acceptable to conduct this experiment under a tree limb
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