and soluble sugar in plant tissues were thought to influence the resistance and resilience of trees positively during periods of drought this supposition had not been proven.
and the number of people that this could feed. They also compared the use of traditional farming techniques to industrialised agricultural methods to come up with the yield gap.
and then used the crop's food calories to determine the amount of people it could feed.
Taking into account the proportion of crops that can be used for food production as well as the amount needed for a balanced diet the results showed that between 300 and 550 million people could be fed by crops grown in the acquired land compared with between 190 and 370 million
which is currently under grave threat researchers have identified complement organic farming methods with dedicated efforts to conserve habitats.
#Decoding characteristic food odorshow are we able to recognize foodstuffs like strawberries coffee barbecued meat or freshly boiled potatoes by smell alone?
Foodstuffs contain more than 10000 different volatile substances. But only around 230 of these determine the odor of the food we eat.
Narrowing it down further between just 3 and 40 of these key odors are responsible for encoding the typical smell of an individual foodstuff.
and umami a large variety of odors also contribute to the overall sensory impression of a foodstuff.
In addition each foodstuff has its own odor code comprised of a core group of between just 3 and 40 of the 230 key odorants--in specific concentrations.
what give all kinds of foodstuffs--from pineapple to wine to roast meat--their unmistakable aromas.
So for example the smell of cultured butter is encoded by a combination of just 3 key molecules
and parents in a child care setting can affect a child's at home diet. Many preschool-aged children are not meeting the recommended daily amount of fruits vegetables
and receive reimbursement for meals and snacks served as part of the USDA's Child and Adult Care Food Program in New york. Twelve child care centers took part in an intervention consisting of multilevel messaging targeted to preschoolers parents and child care staff.
#Peanuts dont panic parents as much as milk and eggsit's tough being the parent of a child with food allergies.
and Immunology the scientific publication of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) there is increased anxiety and strain for caregivers of children allergic to milk and eggs.
The study examined 305 caregivers of children allergic to milk egg peanut or tree nut--the 4 most common food allergies.
and egg allergies were the most worrisome for caregivers. It's assumed peanut and tree allergies are the most severe
and therefore it may be presumed they would cause the most strain for caregivers said allergist Laura Howe MD lead study author and ACAAI member.
But because eggs and milk are used everywhere and to prepare so many dishes caregivers with children allergic to those two ingredients feel more worried and anxious.
Only 64 percent of caregivers accurately perceived the severity of their child's reaction. More than 15 percent over-perceived their child's reaction severity
In contrast converting already cleared pastures to sugar cane production provides a nearly immediate carbon payback
With over 2. 5 million square kilometers of existing cleared lands in Brazil much of which is degraded pasture lands there is already a large potential area for biofuel crop expansion.
which includes using degraded pastures for a combination of reforestation expansion of biofuel and food crops and intensification of cattle production.
#Vegetarian diets produce fewer greenhouse gases and increase longevity, say new studiesconsuming a plant-based diet results in a more sustainable environment
On top of lower mortality rates switching from non-vegetarian diets to vegetarian diets or even semi-vegetarian diets also helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The vegetarian diets resulted in almost a third less emissions compared to the non-vegetarian diets.
To our knowledge no studies have used yet a single non-simulated data set to independently assess the climate change mitigation potential and actual health outcomes for the same dietary patterns said Joan Sabate MD
The accompanying article makes the case for returning to a large-scale practice of plant-based diets in light of the substantial and detrimental environmental impacts caused by the current trend of eating diets rich in animal products.
or choice large segments of the world's population have thrived on plant-based diets Sabate said.
and cattle and is spread by biting midges. In sheep the bluetongue virus can cause abortion congenital abnormalities
and importing food commodities from other provinces or nations instead could help China conserve more water.
and wheat along with such livestock products as ruminant (animals like cattle goats and sheep that subsist on plant matter) pork and poultry.
and for 16 percent of water used in meat production in China. However those numbers skyrocket in Xinjiang Ningxia and Inner Mongolia where irrigation water is used predominantly for crop production (85 percent 69 percent and 49 percent respectively.
Policies which encourage such adjustments can help conserve water while maintaining China's food security. Story Source:
and fiber in one's diet Kaiser said. While Kaiser recognizes the importance of eating fruits
In the overall context of a healthy diet energy reduction is the way to help lose weight so to reduce weight you have to reduce caloric intake Kaiser said.
affordable strategies to meet new postharvest sanitation standardsmany small and medium produce growers in the United states neither have the funding nor the expertise to optimally sanitize postharvest operations to prevent the spread of potentially dangerous pathogens according to a panel discussion
While produce farmers have optimized procedures to prevent the spread of salmonella E coli and other common pathogens and illnesses the listeria outbreak really opened the eyes of a lot of people in produce that sanitation is a very important step
and that they moderate blood glucose concentrations following a meal according to a presentation by Susan M. Toth Phd research scientist Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
In addition there is also research to support that oat and barley foods increase satiety after meals a sensation of feeling full after meals
and noodles to beverages and flat bread said Bo Jiang Phd professor of food science and executive director of the State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology at Jiangnan University in China.
In the U s. barley and oats are used primarily for animal feed since they are difficult to break down
and the functionality of milled flour from these grains and a poor public image said Liu.
and more efficient methods of breaking down the components and nutrients in these grains to make oats
or oats into value-added fractions enriched with nutrients some with commercial success said Liu. The USDA has developed improved dry
what we do said John Hayes Phd assistant professor of food science and director of the Sensory Evaluation Center at Pennsylvania State university with taste consistently ranking as number one.
People with a high sensitivity to bitterness eat 25 percent fewer vegetables said Hayes. The bitter perception is highly complex according to Hayes with 25 known bitter receptor genes.
It's also not destiny. Learning can override innate aversions. You can learn to like things.
And yet as consumer preference grows for products with specific nutrients or ingredients food scientists are working to mask
The addition of phantom aromas such as vanilla berry citrus bacon or even cheese can distract the brain from acknowledging a bitter to taste.
When deciding which food additives to use to diminish bitter taste formulators must consider differences in regional diets for effective solutions said Sobel.
Evidence in the current study is the first to suggest that adequate quantities of specific cocoa polyphenols in the diet over time may prevent the glomming together of AÎ into oligomers that damage the brain as a means to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
The idea behind what is being called the JBEI GT Collection is to provide a functional genomic resource for researchers seeking to extract the sugars in plant biomass
Glycosyltransferases (GTS) are enzymes that catalyze the connection of simple monosaccharide sugars into the complex polysaccharide sugars that are essential to a wide range of plant cell structures and processes.
Grassland bird trends were associated positively with the acreages of CRP lands and some types of pastures.
We tried to choose foods we thought kids would enjoy such as cereal bars macaroni and cheese and Sunchips and found that they ate the ready-to-eat snack foods the most said Radford one of the study's authors.
Eating whole grains combined with a healthy diet may reduce the risk of heart disease and help with weight management according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
Examples of whole-grain foods include popcorn oats whole wheat bread and brown rice. Refined grains enriched and fortified with nutrients include foods such as white rice and white bread.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans call for at least half the grain consumers eat to be whole grains
and they urge adolescents to consume 5 to 7 ounces of grains daily with at least half being whole grains.
about 1 ounce or the grain contained in one slice of bread. Federal dietary guidelines for the 2012-13 school year increased the whole grain required in school lunches.
Starting this fall schools must offer only whole-grain rich products. The new rules requiring more whole grains in school lunches should result in adolescents eating more of them Dahl said
but many parents believe their kids won't eat whole grains. General mills funded a broad study on the impact of whole grains on immunity.
if children could meet the 2010 dietary guidelines for whole grains. For the study 83 students in a Florida middle school were assigned randomly to receive either whole-or refined-grain foods over a six-week period in 2010.
or whole-grain pasta rice bread and other foods to eat at home. And they were given whole-and refined-grain snack foods to eat at school.
While elephants ate an enormous amount of Solanum seeds they also often destroyed the entire plant ripping it out of the ground and stuffing the whole bush into their mouths.
and adding cows'milk the team found that milk has a unique structure--an emulsion of fats nutrients
because charcoal can be used for much more than just grilling sausages on the barbecue. The manufacture of solar cells for one thing.
#Oldest ever schistosomiasis egg found may be first proof of early human technology exacerbating disease burdenthe discovery of a schistosomiasis parasite egg in a 6200-year-old grave at a prehistoric
The oldest Schistosomiasis egg found previously was in Egyptian mummies from 5200 years ago. The egg was found in the pelvic area of the burial where the intestines
and bladder would have been during life. Control soil samples from the head and foot areas of the grave contained no parasitic eggs suggesting that the gravesite was contaminated not with the parasite more recently.
Schistosomiasis has become progressively more common over time so that it causes a huge burden across the world today with over 200 million people infected.
It's also nontoxic allowing the honey to be edible for human consumption. Our bacteria produce a volatile chemical that's dispersed through the air
In collaboration with University of California-Davis he found the bacteria prevented the spread of fungi on bat skin without touching the skin.
Scott says that the gene construct responsible for lethality in antibiotic-free diets is female-specific Interestingly
when not provided tetracycline in their diets the males can be separated out in the larval stage.
study findsa study of 8 European countries presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Sofia Bulgaria shows that children consuming a diet more in line with the rules of the Mediterranean one are 15%less likely to be overweight
The researchers used data from the IDEFICS study (Identification and Prevention of Dietary--and lifestyle--induced health effects in Children and infants) funded by the European commission.
Additional dietary data have been complemented by a telephone interview performed on a sub-sample of parents. The adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet was assessed by a score calculating by giving one point for high intakes of each food group
which was considered typical of the Mediterranean diet (vegetables fruit and nuts fish and cereal grains) as well as one point for low intakes of foods untypical of the Mediterranean diet (such as dairy and meat products).
Swedish children most Mediterraneaninterestingly the prevalence of high adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet was found to be independent of the geographical distribution with the Swedish children scoring the highest (followed by the Italians)
and the children from Cyprus scoring the lowest. The team found that children with a high adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet were 15%less likely to be overweight or obese than low-adherent children.
and nutrients for plants as well as a bioreactor to purify and filter water it is crucial to our quality of life.
#Surprising spread of spring leaf-out timesdespite conventional wisdom among gardeners foresters and botanists that woody plants all leaf out at about the same time each spring a new study organized by a Boston
and peanuts on eight farms in Florida and Georgia. They looked at a combined 134 years of daily weather data from the farms
Soy foods are an almost exclusive dietary source of isoflavones a plant-derived estrogen. Some studies have highlighted their potential cancer protective properties
The food questionnaire specifically asked about the consumption of 8 soy food items such as miso soup tofu and soymilk.
They also had a higher dietary intake of fruit and vegetables. Looking specifically at tofu miso soup
and soy food the researchers found no association with endometrial cancer. Neither higher consumption of total soy foods nor isoflavones were associated with the risk of endometrial cancer after adjustment for factors such as age alcohol consumption smoking BMI menopausal status coffee intake
The chimps are basically imposing a'natural tax'on farmers growing crops near the nutrient-rich soils of the forest said Shane Mcguinness lead author on the research
Work is now being finalized on a much larger project around the Volcanoes National park in northern Rwanda made famousby the film Gorillas in the Mist where Mcguinness is assessing the impacts of mountain gorilla buffalo and golden monkey on the conservation of this park and the development
which are loaded with nutrients a University of Florida study shows. After making wine a producer typically sends the grape seeds
and breeding program in NZ that aims to breed low methane-emitting ruminants without impacting other traits such as reproduction and wool and meat quality.
or by variations in the dwell time of their feed. It's not so much the actual composition of the microbiome that determines emission
and importantly low-methane lines then need to be tested for stability of the trait as well as the absence of any impacts on fertility or meat or wool production.
and spread of the disease up until now is linked mainly to areas that have a high concentration of markets catering to a consumer preference for live birds
and spread of H7n9 are dense clusters of live poultry markets which aggregate birds from large geographical areas located near or just outside densely populated urban areas.
and rest days that can influence the spread of the disease suggesting potential options for reducing risks of further transmission of H7n9.
For example a red-tailed hawk that repeatedly feeds on prey containing sublethal amounts of the second-generation poison is at risk for accumulating a lethal amount over time.
The next most popular category of flavour was followed fruit by dessert/candy alcohol/drinks snacks/meals.
Developing a method to detect E coli before it can potentially contaminate the food supply benefits the beef industry by preventing costly recalls
but also benefits the consumer by ensuring the safety of the beef supply Noll said. The newly developed test is a molecular assay
and beef safety Noll said. As a graduate student in veterinary biomedical sciences I am proud to be a member of a multidisciplinary team in the College of Veterinary medicine that aims to make beef a safe product for the consumers.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Kansas State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
if gardening would help survivors eat a more nutritious diet and improve physical activity. Wendy Demark-Wahnefried Ph d. R. D. is the associate director for cancer prevention and control in the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center.
She is intrigued by the link between cancer and diet. There is powerful evidence she says that a diet high in fruits
growing tomatoes kale lettuce spinach and a variety of herbs. Rossman has added since another raised bed has planted strawberries
and that there are currently 466 e-cigarette brands online offering more than 7700 flavors including candy flavors such as gummy bear
and marshmallow that may appeal to children. In contrast traditional cigarettes sold in the United states can be marketed in just two flavors:
No one has isolated ever a controlling gene for this timing in a wild plant outside of Arabidopsis a small flowering plant related to mustard
Diets rich in cruciferous vegetables of which broccoli is one have been found to reduce risk of chronic degenerative diseases including cancer.
Urine and blood samples were taken over the course of the trial to measure the fate of the inhaled air pollutants.
Dr. David Jenkins head of the hospital's Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre compared people with Type 2 diabetes who ate either a low glycemic index diet that included bread made with canola oil
Even more exciting he said was the finding that the canola bread diet seemed to have the most significant impact on people who needed help the most--those
High GI foods--such as white bread most breakfast cereals potatoes and rice--produce a large rise in blood glucose and insulin
The carbohydrates in low GI foods--including pasta beans lentils berries apples and certain whole grains such as barley and oats-are broken down more slowly
#Improving diet quality reduces risk for type 2 diabetesimproving the overall quality of one's diet helps to prevent type 2 diabetes independent of other lifestyle changes according to a study presented at the American Diabetes Association
The study by researchers at the Harvard School of Public health found that those who improved their diet quality index scores by 10 percent over four years--by eating more whole grains fruits
and vegetables and less sweetened beverages and saturated fats for example--reduced their risk for type 2 diabetes by about 20 percent compared to those who made no changes to their diets.
We found that diet was associated indeed with diabetes independent of weight loss and increased physical activity said lead researcher Sylvia Ley Phd a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard School of Public health.
This is important because it is often difficult for people to maintain a calorie-restricted diet for a long time.
what they eat--consume less red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages and more fruits vegetables and whole grains--they are going to improve their health
and reduce their risk for diabetes. The study also showed that it didn't matter how good
or poor a person's diet was started when they out she said. Regardless of where participants started improving diet quality was beneficial for all.
#How food marketing creates false sense of healthhealth-related buzzwords such as antioxidant gluten-free and whole grain lull consumers into thinking packaged food products labeled with those words are healthier than they actually are according to a new research study conducted by scholars at the University
Words like organic antioxidant natural and gluten-free imply some sort of healthy benefit Northup said.
When people stop to think about it there's nothing healthy about Antioxidant Cherry 7-Up--it's mostly filled with high fructose syrup or sugar.
Annie's Bunny Fruit Snacks (Organic) Apple sauce (Organic) Chef Boyardee Beefaroni (Whole Grain) Chef Boyardee Lasagna (Whole Grain) Chocolate Cheerios (Heart
Findings from this research study indicate people aren't very good at reading nutritional labels even in situations where they are choosing between salmon and Spam.
Approximately 20 percent picked Spam as the healthier option over salmon said Northup. Northup hopes the results of this study will contribute to an increased dialogue on how food is marketed guide development of specific media literacy
#Identifying cyst-laden meat: Sarcocystis thermostable PCR detection kit developedconsumption of undercooked cyst-laden meat from cattle sheep
and goats may cause infection in humans. Researchers from Universiti Teknologi MARA have invented successfully a PCR kit
Sarcosytis spp are intracellular protozoan parasites acquired upon consumption of undercooked cyst-laden meat from cattle sheep and goats.
and S. suihominis after ingesting raw meat from cattle and pigs respectively. Cases of human infection have been documented.
Studies have shown that sarcosytis spp were seen in 56%of hamburgers 20%of hotdogs and sausages.
Definitive diagnosis with identification of sporocysts in feces requires multiple stool examinations several days after having eaten the meat.
This kit can be of invaluable help for large scale quick screening of meat for sarcocystis
. thus its value cannot be overemphasized for not only meat industry but also the ministry concerned with food and meat safety.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Universiti Teknologi MARA (Uitm. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
Fast forward to the Internet Age when communication researchers ran 859 U s. grocery shoppers through a similar thought experiment:
At the same time iron is an essential nutrient for plants and humans. Iron deficiency affects 30 percent of the worldâ##s population particularly in developing countries.
The Cornell-led study published in The Plant Cell describes an important role of a protein that transports nutrients â#OPT3 â#in maintaining balance of the essential micronutrient iron in Arabidopsis small plants related to cabbage
and mustard that are used as models for studying plant biology. OPT3 function in plants was previously unknown.
and hemicellulose both long chains of sugars with the remaining biomass primarily composed of lignin the tough glue that holds it all together.
Debris from forests that washes into freshwater lakes supplements the diets of microscopic zooplankton and the fish that feed off them--creating larger and stronger fish new research shows.
The researchers warn that as forests are eroded through human activities such as logging the impacts will be felt in aquatic as well as terrestrial food chains.
While plankton raised on algal carbon is more nutritious organic carbon from trees washed into lakes is a hugely important food source for freshwater fish bolstering their diet to ensure good size
and yeastgood chocolate is among the world's most beloved foods which is why scientists are seeking to improve the product
A team of researchers from Germany and Switzerland--the heartland of fine chocolate--have embarked upon a quest to better understand natural cocoa fermentation
and how they use the nutrients to fuel the different parts of their metabolism in order to grow and produce extracellular products he says.
Production of acetate requires two major nutrients: lactate and ethanol. These are produced by lactic acid bacteria
and yeast respectively during the initial fermentation of cocoa pulp sugars says Wittmann. The acetic acid bacteria then process these simultaneously via separate metabolic pathways ultimately producing acetate from them.
#Estimated risk of breast cancer increases as red meat intake increases, study suggestsso far studies have suggested no significant association between red meat intake and breast cancer.
However most have been based on diet during midlife and later and many lines of evidence suggest that some exposures potentially including dietary factors may have greater effects on the development of breast cancer during early adulthood.
They analyzed data from 88803 premenopausal women (aged 26 to 45) taking part in the Nurses'Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991.
Red meat items included unprocessed red meat (beef pork or lamb and hamburger and processed red meat (such as hot dogs bacon and sausage;
poultry included chicken and turkey; fish included tuna salmon mackerel sardines; legumes included beans lentils and peas;
Putting these real life data into a statistical model allowed the researchers to estimate breast cancer risks for women with different diets.
They estimated that for each step-by-step increase in the women's consumption of red meat there was a step-by-step increase in the risk of getting breast cancer over the 20 year study period.
For example the model estimated that there would be 493 cases of breast cancer over 306298 person years among women with the lowest intake of red meat.
This translated to an estimate that higher intake of red meat was associated with a 22%increased risk of breast cancer overall.
Each additional serving per day of red meat was associated with a 13%increase in risk of breast cancer (12%in premenopausal and 8%in postmenopausal women.
Substituting one serving per day of poultry for one serving per day of red meat--in the statistical model--was associated with a 17%lower risk of breast cancer overall and a 24%lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Furthermore substituting one serving per day of combined legumes nuts poultry and fish for one serving per day of red meat was associated with a 14%lower risk of breast cancer overall and premenopausal breast cancer.
The authors conclude that higher red meat intake in early adulthood may be a risk factor for breast cancer
and replacing red meat with a combination of legumes poultry nuts and fish may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Further study of the relation between diet in early adulthood and risk of breast cancer is needed they add.
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