Scientists did not observe an increase in CD8+T cells in mouse and gerbil models of H. pylori infection.
However the rise of the cells in pigs mirrors the recent findings in human clinical studies.#
#oepigs have greater anatomic physiologic and immunologic similarities to humans than mice the main animal model used in biomedical research said Raquel Hontecillas co-director of the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine
'Beige fat'cells are found in scattered lentil-sized deposits beneath the inguinal skin in obese diabetic Zucker rats.
Muscled mothsalthough few gym rats want to admit it whispery moth wings and bulging human biceps aren't that different.
and often debilitating osteoarthritis. The researchers found that mice fed a diet rich in the compound had significantly less cartilage damage
We have shown that this works in the three laboratory models we have tried in cartilage cells tissue and mice.
The research in rats published online ahead of print in PLOS ONE found that injections of the compound sodium percarbonate (SPO) can produce enough oxygen to help preserve muscle tissue
Another part of the study involved rats in which the blood flow to a leg was interrupted
Prehistoric rodent may have set the stage for life in trees, herbivorous dietsthe 160 million-year-old fossil of an extinct rodent-like creature from China is helping to explain how multituberculates--the most evolutionarily successful and long-lived mammalian lineage in the fossil
record--achieved their dominance. This fossil find--the oldest ancestor in the multituberculate family tree--represents a newly discovered species known as Rugosodon eurasiaticus.
Much like today's rodents they filled an extremely wide variety of niches--below the ground on the ground and in the trees--and this new fossil
which resembles a small rat or a chipmunk possessed many of the adaptations that subsequent species came to rely upon the researchers say.
The later multituberculates of the Cretaceous era and the Paleocene epoch are extremely functionally diverse: Some could jump some could burrow others could climb trees
and went extinct in the Oligocene epoch occupying a diverse range of habitats for more than 100 million years before they were competed out by more modern rodents.
Based on their findings the researchers suggest that such adaptations must have arisen very early in the evolution of the order setting the stage for the major diversification of rodent-like mammals that ensued.
#Sugar toxic to mice in safe doses, test findswhen mice ate a diet of 25 percent extra sugar--the mouse equivalent of a healthy human diet plus three cans of soda daily--females died at twice the normal rate
and males were a quarter less likely to hold territory and reproduce according to a toxicity test developed at the University of Utah.
fed mice large doses of sugar disproportionate to the amount people consume in sweetened beverages baked goods and candy.
just as harmful to the health of mice as being inbred the offspring of first cousins. Even though the mice didn't become obese
and showed few metabolic symptoms the sensitive test showed they died more often and tended to have fewer babies says the study's first author James Ruff who recently earned his Ph d. at the University of Utah.
--and that are considered safe by regulatory agencies--impair the health of mice. The new toxicity test placed groups of mice in room-sized pens nicknamed mouse barns with multiple nest boxes--a much more realistic environment than small cages allowing the mice to compete more naturally for mates
and desirable territories and thereby revealing subtle toxic effects on their performance Potts says. This is a sensitive test for health
and vigor declines he says noting that in a previous study he used the same test to show how inbreeding hurt the health of mice.
The mice tell us the level of health degradation is almost identical from added-sugar and from cousin-level inbreeding.
A Mouse Diet Equal to What a Quarter of Americans Eatthe experimental diet in the study provided 25 percent of calories from added sugar--half fructose and half glucose--no matter how many calories the mice ate.
The diet fed to the mice with the 25 percent sugar-added diet is equivalent to the diet of a person who drinks three cans daily of sweetened soda pop plus a perfectly healthy no-sugar-added diet Potts says.
The researchers used a mouse supply company that makes specialized diets for research. Chow for the mice was a highly nutritious wheat-corn-soybean mix with vitamins and minerals.
For experimental mice glucose and fructose amounting to 25 percent of calories was included in the chow.
For control mice corn starch was used as a carbohydrate in place of the added sugars. House Mice Behaving Naturallymice often live in homes with people
so mice happen to be an excellent mammal to model human dietary issues because they've been living on the same diet as we have
ever since the agricultural revolution 10000 years ago Potts says. Mice typically used in labs come from strains bred in captivity for decades.
They lack the territoriality shown by wild mice. So the study used mice descended from wild house mice that were outbred to prevent inbreeding typical of lab mice.
They are highly competitive over food nesting sites and territories he says. This competition demands high performance from their bodies so
if there is a defect in any physiological systems they tend to do more poorly during high competition.
So Potts'new test--named the Organismal Performance Assay or OPA--uses mice in a more natural ecological context more likely to reveal toxic effects of whatever is being tested he says.
When you look at a mouse in a cage it's like trying to evaluate the performance of a car by turning it on in a garage Ruff says.
If it doesn't turn on you've got a problem. But just because it does turn on doesn't mean you don't have a problem.
A big room was divided into 11 mouse barns used for the new test. Six were used in the study.
Each mouse barn was divided by wire mesh fencing into six sections or territories but the mice could climb easily over the mesh.
Within each of the six sections was a nest box a feeding station and drinking water.
which mice entered via 2-inch holes at the bottom. Each bin had four nesting cages in it and an enclosed feeder.
Female mice had to nest communally in the trays. Running the Experimentthe mice in the experiment began with 156 founders that were bred in Potts'colony weaned at four weeks
and then assigned either to the added-sugar diet or the control diet with half the males and half the females on each diet.
The mice stayed in cages with siblings of the same sex (to prevent reproduction) for 26 weeks
Then the mice were placed in the mouse barns to live compete with each other and breed for 32 more weeks.
while in the mouse barns so the study only tested for differences caused by the mice eating different diets for the previous 26 weeks.
The founder mice had implanted microchips like those put in pets. Microchip readers were placed near the feeding stations to record which mice fed where and for how long.
A male was considered dominant if he made more than 75 percent of the visits by males to a given feeding station.
With the 156 founder mice (58 male 98 female) the researchers ran the experiment six times with an average of 26 mice per experiment:
Added Sugar Impairs Mouse Lifespan and Reproduction--After 32 weeks in mouse barns 35 percent of the females fed extra sugar died twice the 17 percent death rate for female control mice.
There was no difference in the 55 percent death among males who did did and not get added sugar.
control males occupied 47 percent of the territories while sugar-added mice controlled less than 36 percent.
Male mice shared the remaining 17 percent of territories. --Males on the added-sugar diet produced 25 percent fewer offspring than control males as determined by genetic analysis of the offspring.
The researchers studied another group of mice for metabolic changes. The only differences were minor:
cholesterol was elevated in sugar-fed mice and the ability to clear glucose from the blood was impaired in female sugar-fed mice.
The study found no difference between mice on a regular diet and mice with the 25 percent sugar-added diet
when it came to obesity fasting insulin levels fasting glucose or fasting triglycerides. Our test shows an adverse outcome from the added-sugar diet that couldn't be detected by conventional tests Potts says.
Human-made toxic substances in the environment potentially affect all of us and more are discovered continually Potts says.
The research team developing the drug--led by scientists at the Nanomedicine Research center part of the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute in the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical center--conducted the study in laboratory mice with implanted human
Mice receiving the drug lived significantly longer than untreated counterparts and those receiving only certain components of the drug according to a recent article in the Journal of Controlled Release.
The disease is spread by black-legged ticks which feed on infected mice and other small mammals. Foxes and other mammal predators help control the disease by keeping small mammal populations in check.
and we had a lot of ethnographic background to correct that said Mara J. Goldman the assistant professor of geography at CU-Boulder who led the study.
The tiny algae of the greenhouse world were just too small to support big animals said Norris. It's like trying to keep lions happy on mice instead of antelope;
and the University of Cambridge has revealed the first steps of evolution in gene regulation in mice.
We found an impressive amount of variation between these apparently very similar mice in terms of transcription-factor binding which is an important indicator of gene-regulation activity says Paul Flicek of EMBL-EBI.
The team studied gene expression in five very closely related mouse species in order to pinpoint changes at the very earliest stages of evolution.
or off in liver cells in the different mouse species. By looking at mice that are very closely related to each other we were able to capture a snapshot of
In this study instead of comparing leaf and fruit shapes the team looked at gene regulation in mice that had diverged only recently from one another.
They found that there were a lot more differences between closely related mouse strains than there are between distantly related fruit-fly strains.
So a mouse's regulatory wiring will just have a lot more wiggle room than a fruit fly's says Paul.
Published in Biological Psychiatry the Pitt team found that in a rodent model second-generation deficiencies of omega-3s caused elevated states of anxiety
Performing experiments in rats in Moghaddam's laboratory the research team examined a second generation of omega-3-deficient diets mimicking present-day adolescents.
In earlier research Aroian and his collaborators described a protein Cry5b that can kill intestinal nematode parasites--such as human hookworms--in infected test animals (hamsters.
In the current research researchers showed that a small dose of Cry5b expressed in this bacterium can achieve a 93 percent elimination of hookworm parasites from infected hamsters.
The golden mouse ornate chorus frog and southern cricket frog--three of the species that will likely be on the move in southeastern U s.--were among the nearly 3000 mammals birds
However she said prenatal exposure to BPA did not lead to insulin resistance in sheep as was true in a previous mouse study.
Mice that were fed cocoa with a high-fat diet experienced less obesity-related inflammation than mice fed the same high-fat diet without the supplement said Joshua Lambert associate professor of food science.
The mice ate the human equivalent of 10 tablespoons of cocoa powder--about four or five cups of hot cocoa--during a 10-week period.
and diabetes in the mice that were fed the cocoa supplement were much lower than the mice that were fed the high-fat diet without the cocoa powder
For example they had about 27 percent lower plasma insulin levels than the mice that were fed not cocoa.
The cocoa powder supplement also reduced the levels of liver triglycerides in mice by a little more than 32 percent according to Lambert who worked with Yeyi Gu graduate student in food science and Shan Yu a graduate student in physiology.
The mice also saw a slight but significant drop in the rate of body weight gain according to the researchers who reported their findings in the online version of the European Journal of Nutrition.
Squirrels also store thousands of seeds underground. A diminished number of seed cones has an effect on grizzly bears the scientists say;
the bears regularly raid squirrel seed caches to prepare for winter hibernation. In the past low years for whitebark pine cones have led to six times more conflicts between grizzlies
Birds squirrels and bears are not the only species that depend on whitebark pine. Vast stands of whitebark pine help to maintain the mountain snowpacks that provide water to more than 30 million people in 16 U s. states each year.
Small mammals such as hyrax rabbits and rodents would have added C3 and C4 signals to the teeth of human ancestors.
Until recently fmri in small animals was focused mainly on rats and to a lesser extent on mice Dr. Van der Linden explains.
Thus far songbird brains have been studied using electrophysiological and histological techniques. However these approaches do not provide a global view of the brain
For the analysis researchers reviewed 104 studies that looked at exposure to weed fungus rodent or bug killers and solvents and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
Co-authors of the study are John Spangler M d. Mara Vitolins Dr. PH. Stephen Davis M. S. Edward Ip Ph d. Gail Marion Ph d. and Sonia Crandall
and colleagues studied tomatoes enriched in anthocyanin a natural pigment that confers high antioxidant capacity The purple GM tomatoes have already been found to prolong the lives of cancer-prone mice
In our study we used mice that were engineered genetically to develop an aggressive form of prostate cancer.
and soy had no cancerous lesions in the prostate at study's End all mice in the control group--no soy no tomato--developed the disease said John Erdman a U of I professor of food science and nutrition.
Only 45 percent of mice fed both foods developed the disease compared to 61 percent in the tomato group and 66 percent in the soy group he said.
Soy isoflavone serum and prostate levels in the mice are similar to those found in Asian men who consume one to two servings of soy daily.
The results of the mouse study suggest that three to four servings of tomato products per week
#Differences between marathon mice and couch potato mice reveal key to muscle fitnessresearchers discovered that small pieces of genetic material called micrornas link the two defining characteristics of fit muscles:
The team used two complementary mouse models--the marathon mouse and the couch potato mouse--to make this discovery.
But what's more they also found that active people have higher levels of one of these micrornas than sedentary people.
To do this they turned to two different mouse models each specially engineered to produce distinct but related proteins that turn muscle-specific genes on and off.
The first model dubbed the marathon mouse has a muscle-gene regulator called PPARÎ/Î'.These mice can run much further than normal mice.
These mice are able to burn a lot of fuel but they can't run very far.
and muscle fiber type-switching Kelly's team compared the molecular differences between these two disparate mouse models.
First the team found that PPARÎ couch potato mice have the optimal metabolic switch but lack the muscle fiber switch.
In contrast PPARÎ/Î'marathon mice have the whole package necessary for muscle fitness. The two mouse models also differed in molecular profiling according to this study.
The team discovered that marathon mice produce certain micrornas that are capable of activating the fiber switch.
By comparison this same circuitry is suppressed in couch potato mice. Digging a little deeper Kelly's team determined that PPARÎ/Î'is connected to micrornas via an intermediary called estrogen-related receptor (ERRÎ.
This protein collaborates with PPARÎ/Î'to turn on micrornas. That's why marathon mice are fitter
and have more type I muscle fibers than couch potato mice--their PPARÎ/Î 'and ERRÎ induce the right micrornas.
Muscle-boosting potential for patientsto determine if their findings were relevant to human health Kelly
Sure enough ERRÎ and one of the micrornas elevated in PPARÎ/Î'marathon mice were increased also in active people but not the sedentary group.
and amphibians and setting poisoned bait for rodents. The California Leafy Green Hander agreement is transparent flexible
In this study conducted at the University of Michigan Health System hypertensive heart failure-prone rats were fed a grape-enriched diet for 18 weeks.
To test their theory in an animal model first they injected Type 2 cells into injured muscle in healthy young mice to determine
and muscular dystrophy the researchers injected glycerol into healthy mice to induce fat accumulation in the muscle.
The results which were seen in stroke-prone rats were presented April 23 at the Experimental Biology 2013 meeting in Boston.
and the drug Actos in stroke-prone rats by measuring the animals'systolic blood pressure as well as locomotion balance coordination all of
By putting the rats through various physical tests such as walking on a tapered beam and climbing a ladder the researchers found that compared to Actos tart cherry intake significantly improved balance and coordination and at the same time lowered blood pressure.
While the research results indicate that rats who consumed only tart cherries had the best results those who had the combination of tart cherries
and without grapes (the control diet) on the heart liver kidneys and fat tissue in obesity-prone rats.
which demonstrated that a grape-enriched diet reduced risk factors for heart disease and diabetes in obesity-prone rats.
and strawberries have also been shown to improve behavior and cognitive functions in stressed young rats.
and University of Maryland Baltimore County recently fed rats a berry diet for 2 months
All of the rats were fed berries 2 months prior to radiation and then divided into two groups-one was evaluated after 36 hours of radiation and the other after 30 days.
After 30 days on the same berry diet the rats experienced significant protection against radiation compared to control said investigator Shibu Poulose Phd.
which they launched rats into space (aboard a space shuttle). However although the rats moved around in zero gravity they ran along a set of straight one-dimensional lines.
Other experiments with three-dimensional projections onto two-dimensional surfaces did not manage to produce volumetric data either.
#Ricebag to treat soft tissue injuriesuniversity Teknology MARA researchers investigated the effects of rice barley
Researchers from the Faculty of Applied sciences and the Faculty of sport Sciences at University Teknology MARA collaborated in a study to invent supplementary and better solutions to treat soft tissue and muscle injuries.
The above story is provided based on materials by Universiti Teknologi MARA (Uitm. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length g
which scientists allowed one group of laboratory rats to feast on potato chips. Another group got bland old rat chow.
Scientists then used high-tech magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices to peer into the rats'brains seeking differences in activity between the rats-on-chips and the rats-on-chow.
With recent studies showing that two-thirds of Americans are obese or overweight this kind of recreational overeating continues to be a major problem health care officials say.
In the study while rats also were fed the same mixture of fat and carbohydrates found in the chips the animals'brains reacted much more positively to the chips.
In the study rats were offered one out of three test foods in addition to their standard chow pellets:
and the mixture but the rats more actively pursued the potato chips which can be explained only partly by the high energy content of this snack he said.
Although carbohydrates and fats also were a source of high energy the rats pursued the chips most actively and the standard chow least actively.
This was further evidence that some ingredient in the chips was sparking more interest in the rats than the carbs
Hoch explained that the team mapped the rats'brains using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to monitor brain activity.
In a paper published online in Nature Neuroscience the U-M team shows that a particular protein called FIP200 governs this cleaning process in neural stem cells in mice.
If the findings translate from mice to humans the research could open up new avenues to prevention or treatment of neurological conditions.
They were using FIP200-less mice as comparisons in a study when an observant postdoctoral fellow noticed that the mice experienced rapid shrinkage of the brain regions where neural stem cells reside.
That effect was more interesting than what we were actually intending to study says Guan as it suggested that without FIP200 something was causing damage to the home of neural stem cells that normally replace nerve cells during injury or aging.
Only by giving the mice the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine could the scientists counteract the effects.
Rats and mice alone eat or spoil 20 percent of the world's food supply due to contamination with their urine and feces.
which already include human specimens mice the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana cell lines genes and microorganisms.
The Wake Forest Baptist team isolated the two types of endocrine cells found in ovaries (theca and granulosa) from 21-day-old rats.
DNA saysscientists have identified two new species of mouse lemur the saucer-eyed teacup-sized primates native to the African island of Madagascar.
The new study brings the number of recognized mouse lemur species to 20 making them the most diverse group of lemurs known.
The new mouse lemurs weigh 2. 5 to 3 ounces (about 65 to 85 grams)
The researchers named one of the new species the Anosy mouse lemur or Microcebus tanosi.
Anosy mouse lemurs are close neighbors with grey mouse lemurs and grey-brown mouse lemurs but the genetic data indicate they don't interbreed.
The researchers named the other new species the Marohita mouse lemur or Microcebus marohita after the forest where it was found.
In Malagasy the word marohita means many views. Despite its species'name this mouse lemur is threatened by ongoing habitat destruction
and'many views'of its members are unlikely the researchers write. The two new species were captured first by co-author Rodin Rasoloarison of the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar during trips to the eastern part of the country in 2003 and 2007.
During a 2012 return trip to the forest where the Marohita mouse lemur lives Rasoloarison discovered that much of the lemur's forest home had been cleared since his first visit in 2003.
Mouse lemurs have lived in Madagascar for 7 to 10 million years. But since humans arrived on the island some 2500 years ago logging
A better understanding of mouse lemur diversity could help humans too. Mouse lemurs are a closer genetic match to humans than mice and rats the most common lab animals.
At least one species--the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)--develops a neurological disease that is strikingly similar to human Alzheimer's so the animals are considered important models for understanding the aging brain.
But before we can say whether a particular genetic variant in mouse lemurs is associated with Alzheimer's we need to know
whether that variant is specific to all mouse lemurs or just select species said Lemur Center Director Anne Yoder.
Every new mouse lemur species that we sample in the wild will help researchers put the genetic diversity we see in grey mouse lemurs in a broader context she said.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Duke university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Typically when a drug like alcohol is given to a mouse every day the way the animals respond increases--they become more stimulated
Weiner said they used mice bred to be genetically variable like humans to make the research more relevant.
We found large variations in the development of locomotor sensitization to alcohol in these mice with some showing robust sensitization
and others showing no more of a change in locomotor activity than control mice given daily saline injections Weiner said.
Surprisingly when all of the alcohol-exposed mice were given an opportunity to voluntarily drink alcohol those that had developed sensitization drank more than those that did not.
In fact the alcohol-treated mice that failed to develop sensitization drank no more alcohol than the saline-treated control group.
and discovered that mice that showed robust locomotor sensitization had deficits in a form of brain neuroplasticity--how experiences reorganize neural pathways in the brain--that has been linked with cocaine addiction in other animal models.
The Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project is funded an NIH collaborative grant which supports rodent nonhuman primate
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