and other gases known to create a greenhouse effect that traps heat in the atmosphere. For several days in May 2013 CO2 levels exceeded 400 parts per million for the first time in human history
In a new study in the Journal of Animal Science researchers in Europe studied how different types of flooring affects claw and limb lesions locomotion and flooring cleanliness.
The researchers scored locomotion and claw and limb lesion of the replacement gilts and flooring cleanliness periodically.
So they bring their prey back to the nest where it is eaten by ant larvae
However with camera traps we are offered a behind the scenes glimpse at orangutan behaviour. The team positioned ground-based cameras across a 38-square-kilometre region of the forest
However with camera traps we are offered a behind the scenes glimpse at orangutan behaviour. The team positioned ground-based cameras across a 38-square-kilometre region of the forest
Individual animals were identified using a photo identification catalog maintained at the New england Aquarium that includes most of the adults in the population.
Philip Hamilton from the New england Aquarium; Bradley White from Trent University in Ontario Canada; and Tim Frasier from St mary's University in Halifax Nova scotia Canada.
whose regulation controls oil palm yielda multinational team of scientists has identified a single gene called Shell that regulates yield of the oil palm tree.
The discovery that regulation of the Shell gene will enable breeders to boost palm oil yields by nearly one-third is excellent news for the rainforest
The discovery of Shell indicates a clear path toward more intensive use of already planted lands
Mutations in Shell explain the single most important economic trait of the oil palm: how the thickness of its shell correlates to fruit size
and oil yield explains Dr. Rajinder Singh of the MPOB first author of the Nature paper describing the Shell gene.
The Shell gene is responsible for the oil palm's three known shell forms: dura (thick; pisifera (shell-less;
Tenera palms contain one mutant and one normal version or allele of Shell an optimum combination that results in 30%more oil per land area than dura palms.
and land usethe discovery of the Shell gene and its two naturally occurring mutations highlight new molecular strategies to identify seeds
Seed producers can now use the genetic marker for the Shell gene to distinguish the three fruit forms in the nursery long before they are field-planted.
#Lesser prairie-chicken nest survival may decline by 2050lesser prairie-chicken nest survival may decrease to a level considered too low to sustain the current population by 2050 according to a new report by Texas Tech
and West Texas. The study assessed the potential changes in number of eggs laid in a nest incubation start date
Increased temperatures and reduced humidity may lead to lesser prairie-chicken egg death or nest abandonment. The research showed that warm winter temperatures had the largest negative effect on reproductive success. Scientists suggest that above-average winter temperatures were correlated with La Niã a events
and nest there allowing for better odds that some nests will be successful. The lesser prairie-chicken has experienced widespread declines in abundance
Low survival in the Ozark nests harms bird numbers in other areas Faaborg said. Birds hatched in the Ozark forest spread out to colonize the rest of the state and surrounding region.
As the next two years of IBEX data filled in the observational hole in the downwind direction researchers found a second tail region to the side of the previously identified one.
The slow solar wind heads down the tail in the port and starboard lobes at low-and mid-latitudes and at least around the Sun's minimum in solar activity fast solar wind flows down it at high northern and southern latitudes.
seven-year study findswind power development does not ruffle the feathers of greater prairie chicken populations according to the results of a seven-year study from a Kansas State university ecologist and his team.
and by the availability of native prairie and vegetation cover at nest sites. Unexpectedly the scientists also found that female survival rates increased after wind turbines were installed.
and then hide nests in tall prairie grass The scientists researched many different features of prairie chickens and their biology:
patterns of nest site selection; reproductive components such as clutch size timing of laying eggs and hatchability of eggs;
but the avoidance within the home range doesn't seem to have an impact on nest site selection or nest survival.
because wind turbines may keep predators away from nest sites. Female mortality rates are highest during the breeding season
and need adequate cover for their nests to survive. Grazing and fire management practices can affect how much nesting cover is available for chickens.
A lot of what drives nest survival is the local conditions around the nest Sandercock said. Do they have good nesting cover
Researchers measured gas output by placing finishing steers in a special corral that traps emissions.
The samples included elephant tusks and molars hippo tusks and canine teeth oryx horn hair from monkeys and elephant tails and some grasses collected in Kenya in 1962.
It took an average of 590 days for camera traps to get an image of each individual tiger recorded.
and reproductive success was investigated by checking the nest boxes in the spring to determine the number of eggs laid and the growth and survival of chicks.
These other measures included cockroach traps powder insecticide and chemical methods such as wave devices. Only 1%of women used insect repellents during pregnancy. 10%of pregnant women used outdoor insecticides such as in gardens or vegetable plots and yards with plants:
Given that chicks share the nest with their parents and eat food that is regurgitated by the parents we expected the level of bacterial sharing to be a lot higher.
The greenhouse gases were measured as carbon dioxide equivalents and included methane refrigerants and other gases that trap radiation.
100 of our Planet's Most Amazing New Species (NY Plume 2013. For decades we have averaged 18000 species discoveries per year
The scientists then observed nest building activity and feeding of offspring and determined chick paternity through DNA analyses.
A cuckoo in the nesthoi and colleagues found that many nests housed nestlings fathered outside the pair-bond.
Those females that had been observed to show interest in the intruder were also later found to be more likely to have extra-pair chicks in their nest.
and nestlings such as robins when nests are built in buckthorn and honeysuckle compared to nests built in native shrubs or trees.
The relationship between invasive plants and wildlife is complex. This is the first study of its kind to investigate the association between buckthorn
because birds and their nests are easier to prey upon. He suggests that deer may be avoiding these areas
The entanglements and knots between chains prevent it from changing shape. But when dynamically compressed for 16 hours the silicone held its new shape for weeks
but repetitive compression you can work out all the entanglements and knots to end up with a sample where all the polymer rods are aligned.
and pitfalls of vaccination so that these can be weighed up scientifically without outside interference. Although there is no evidence so far that this virus will result in a human pandemic this outbreak provides a reminder of the importance for all countries to ensure they have an appropriate stockpile of antiviral medication.
and finches add high-nicotine cigarette butts to their nests to reduce mite infestations. But less attention has been given to the many cases in
Wood ants incorporate an antimicrobial resin from conifer trees into their nests preventing microbial growth in the colony.
Honeybees are known to incorporate antimicrobial resins into their nests. Analysis of the honeybee genome suggests that they lack many of the immune-system genes of other insects raising the possibility that honeybees'use of medicine has been partly responsible
The new PALM-based technique should allow enzyme cock tails to be matched optimally to the structural organizations of particular biomass substrates such as grass
Unlike the other representatives of the family that chew leaves or flower petals many species of Megachile neatly cut circular pieces of leaves or petals for nest construction.
Nests of Megachile are constructed often within hollow twigs or other similarly constricted natural cavities but some species including members of the subgenus Megachiloides excavate burrows in the ground.
Boal said prairie chickens for example are not very likely to use cotton fields to nest in or for lekking (places where males aggregate to try to attract females to mate with).
and planting sticky nightshade as a trap crop whose roots exude the chemicals but don't support the nematode's reproduction.
and it turns up heads five times in a row we have this strong feeling that it will turn up tails on the sixth try explains Jim Lyons an associate professor of kinesiology at Mcmaster University and lead researcher on the project.
as long as the lunging humpback's. Having obtained baleen samples from the body of a stranded humpback during graduate work at the New england Aquarium
#Wasp transcriptome creates a buzznew research delivers a sting in the tail for queen wasps.
and can sometimes disappear from the trap. Baker then learned that Lakhtakia was able to replicate certain biological materials such as fly eyes and butterfly wings.
and build new nests in Argentine ant territory as early as March while The argentine ants remain inactive until late April or early May.
and tails placed on the soil surface. Among the interesting characteristics of these worms is rounded a body tip
Staff and volunteers stationed on Midway are responsible for monitoring the health of the beautiful seabirds that arrive every year by the hundreds of thousands to nest.
Jason Brown of Duke university and Randall Junge of the Columbus Zoo & Aquarium were also authors of this study.
and a greenhouse gas that traps heat from escaping Earth's atmosphere. Scientists and policy analysts are interested in learning how curbing the emissions of these chemicals can improve human health
Camera trap data revealed that lowland tapir abundance was higher at sites under protection than sites outside protected areas.
It is found in the animal kingdom in insects inside sea shells and in feathers and is seen also in some plants.
#Exocomets may be as common as exoplanetscomets trailing wispy tails across the night sky are a beautiful byproduct of our solar system's formation icy leftovers from 4. 6 billion years ago
and has feathers then it's probably a duck he said. The work was supported by the National aeronautics and space administration.
Some have bulbous crests long fleshy wattles or Elvis-worthy pompadours in addition to electric blue deep purple or screaming orange feathers.
Sexual selection appears to have played a role in the evolution of non-plumage gender differences in some cotinga species. In one case the Screaming Piha the males
That means male-female plumage difference alone is not evidence for sexual selection because sexual selection is also driving other traits such as voice and behavior.
This bird makes its nest in the marsh's shallow slush forming its home with strands of the California cordgrass Spartina foliosa.
The nests float and bob with the rising and lowering of the tides. Another marsh creature relies on the same cordgrass:
Then a second sequence attached itself to the tail of the first and the tail of the second then was bitten'by a third one and so on.
Before being processed the sample contained an intact double helix which then existed in fragments of various lengths.
where the fishing industry trawls up every living thing and hoovers the sea bottoms. We really need new solutions such as harvesting the excess algae for fuel
The instrument in the trunk quickly detects a large plume of methane emanating from the landfill.
A NASA aircraft soon appears overhead carrying a prototype satellite instrument that records high-resolution images of methane that scientists can use to identify gas plumes.
and without plumagethe magnificent plumage of the peacock may not be quite the sacrifice to love that it appears to be University of Leeds researchers have discovered.
what price male birds pay for carrying the spectacular iridescent feathers they use in displays to attract females.
These feathers weigh about 300g and can exceed 1. 5m so it's expected that the male birds would be making a significant sacrifice in their flight performance for being attractive--possibly giving up their lives
He filmed the take-offs of birds carrying full plumage in 3d and then filmed the same birds taking off without their trains.
Dr Askew pointed out that the feathers might adversely affect flight stability and the birds'ability to run.
Just creating the ornate plumage is a costly exercise; male birds invest about 3%of their daily metabolic energy budget in train growth.
Early detection of the pest in traps such as ours can help in coordinating management strategies to slow its spread
In the same forests the team also placed traps configured with decoys bearing a 4000-volt charge to electrocute
and captured by the trap if the voltage was applied to the decoys. According to Domingue the light-scattering properties of the beetle's shell--which the team experimentally demonstrated using a white laser--made the nano-bioreplicated decoys more lifelike and therefore more attractive to males than the non-textured 3d printed decoy.
The researchers said their next step will be to further improve the traps to maximize their potential as part of an early detection tool for emerald ash borers.
or weeks until a trap might usually be checked said Baker. In addition the team has been investigating the use of the decoys to attract other insect species some
The researchers used this discovery to develop Limburger-based traps that mosquitoes find two to three times more attractive than humans.
Most of the pitfalls we've had the opportunity and challenge to overcome. If someone asks us'what do Ido now?'
when they fall from a nest a skill that improves with age until they become coordinated and graceful flyers.
Using mist nets to capture birds as well as pitfall traps to capture mammals and amphibians they painstakingly recorded information on 25000 individuals made up of 140 species of birds 43 species of mammals and 29 species of amphibians.
Thus aided by the farmers the scientists installed box traps at marking trees which were hidden by thorn bushes except for a narrow passage.
The only way to reach their tree is passing the trap. Once a cheetah is captured it is sedated
It is controlled currently by a combination of insecticides baited traps biological control and releasing sterilised insects to produce nonviable matings known as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT).
when they first emerge from the nest. Smith is tracking neonate pine snakes to find out where they go
Smith's tracking of neonate pine snakes over two years has shown that the young snakes stay fairly close to the nest in their first year--ranging from 30 to about 250 meters away
and are preferred not by any of the three hawk species. A nest located on artificial substrate is nearly 100 percent 89.4 percent
Why the difference in nest selection between ravens and large hawks? The answer may be linked to the availability of preferred prey.
and surrounding areas in Idaho USA locating nest sites for all four species over a three year span Researchers analyzed four primary factors that influence nest locations among species:
Common Ravens are now the most pervasive predatory species nesting in this area accounting for 46 percent of nests among these four avian predator species. Transmission towers are the tallest objects at the study area.
â#¢73 percent of ravens nests were located on artificial nesting substrates of which 53 percent were located on transmission line towers. â#¢Both ravens
and Red-tailed hawks selected nest sites in close proximity to habitat edges while Swainson's and Ferruginous Hawks selected nest sites far from habitat edges.
â#¢70 percent of nests located on natural substrates (cottonwood and juniper tress) â#¢Breeding pairs of Red-tailed hawks also considered a generalist species increased substantially from the mid-1970s (1 nest) to the mid-1990s (33 nests)
and have remained stable since that time. Swainson's Hawks: â#¢98 percent of nests located on natural substrates (juniper cottonwood
and cultivated trees) â#¢Nested in communities dominated by native grasses and near agricultural areasferrugionous Hawks:
â#¢Approximately 74 percent of nests were located on natural substrates mostly juniper trees. â#¢Selected areas dominated by contiguous stands of sagebrush. â#¢Ferruginous Hawk nests were located farther from roads
or have not yet built nests Craine said. Additionally moving to a more flexible burning schedule helps manage the large volume of smoke that carry to Manhattan and Wichita Kansas;
In practice that means good fertility longer life udders that give good protection against infections improved claws and more efficient feed utilisation.
or--when the heat stress is localized--absorb heat by pressing themselves against the brood nest wall (a behavior known as heat-shielding).
Using thermal imaging the scientists observed that temperatures increased peripheral to the heated regions of the hive as the brood nest began to cool.
Rain gardens--also known as bioretention cells--are depressions in the landscape that trap stormwater runoff so microbial activity filtration/adsorption
and targeted control of ant nests in the most disturbed habitats. Future research should experimentally assess
Many ambiguous aspects of the fossil's pelvis forelimbs hind limbs and tail were confirmed while it was discovered that it had elongated tendons along its tail vertebrae similar to Velociraptor.
and hind limb feathers wing membranes in front of its elbow half-moon shaped wrist-like bones bird-like perching feet a tail with short anterior vertebrae
and claws that make tree climbing possible. The researchers specifically note the primitive elongated feathers on the forelimbs and hind limbs.
This suggests that Scansoriopteryx is a basal or ancestral form of early birds that had mastered the basic aerodynamic maneuvers of parachuting
which can indicate diet compositionin order to reconstruct eagles'diet by analysing the isotopic composition of their feathers first authors had to characterise the isotopic composition of Bonelli's Eagle main preys in Catalonia.
and stable isotope analysis. The study showed that the isotopic analysis of feathers allows inferring individual species'diet during the breeding period something that is not possible by using pellet.
Assembling such a group in the nest after having found a food source through eavesdropping uses time
which have restricted or banned fishing practices that harm parrotfish such as fish traps and spearfishing. Other countries are following suit.
They are docked usually tail without analgesia as a preventative measure to reduce the chances of flies laying eggs on dirty tails
The research team found that female sheep that had docked their tails or experienced a mild simulated infection shortly after they were born showed more pain-related behaviour
and evolution of the coma and tail provides information on how the comet evolves as it approaches
It was said a trap Kohler. A Malthusian trap but also a violence trap. The northern Southwest had as many as 40000 people in the mid-1200s
but within 30 years it was empty leaving a mystery that has consumed several archaeological careers including Kohler's. Perhaps the population got too large to feed itself as climates deteriorated
Grassland bird species use the living and dead vegetation in grasslands to build nests and for use as cover.
It's easy to see the trap they fell into: building levees causes sediments to accumulate in the river bed raising the river higher
In cattle the distal skeleton consists of two rudimentary dew claws and two symmetrical and elongated middle digits that form the cloven hoof
and Ruby since 2010 and found Ruby lifeless on the ground beneath her nest wanted to turn the loss into something positive.
The researchers base their findings on a comprehensive trawl of online English language websites marketing e-cigarettes between two specific periods--May to August 2012 and December 2013 to January 2014.
and caught in hunters'traps. This study gives us a whole other avenue to understand the ecological effects of wolves on landscapes
and Aquariums has bred successfully fishing cats since 2009. A leaf-tailed gecko hatched June 2. The leaf-tailed gecko is a large nocturnal gecko from Madagascar threatened with extensive habitat loss from cattle grazing logging agriculture and collection for the pet trade.
New research led by Newcastle University UK has tested the insect-specific Hv1a/GNA fusion protein bio-pesticide--a combination of a natural toxin from the venom of an Australian funnel web spider
Hwang also considered metal oxide frameworks that trap carbon dioxide molecules but they had the unfortunate side effect of capturing the desired methane as well
Australia It's not easy to spot this gecko which has an extremely wide tail that is employed as part of its camouflage.
Adult bees create the nests. The nests have several cells with an egg in each one that metamorphosizes--like butterflies do--through the summer.
By fall they are adults in their cocoons where they overwinter. The initial phase of the program that Bunker and Devan have initiated with the help of other NJIT colleagues
A video camera placed at each nest will allow building a database of the bees'response to manipulated changes in their natural schedule
Physical examination of pollen in the nests also is expected to yield information about the food sources the bees visit
because they are out of synch with the flowering of their food sources could keep them away from their nests for longer periods.
and in the waters surrounding the island of Moorea in French polynesia Florida Museum invertebrate zoology curator Gustav Paulay dredged from the deep sea a new hermit crab that exemplifies a rarely documented process in which hermit crabs move out of their shells
and long legs connected to large claws--making it one of the most distinctive hermit crabs discovered in decades Paulay said.
For example in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago the cattle egret drives adult native seabirds away from their nests in breeding colonies
#Homemade stink bug traps squash store-bought models, researchers finda Virginia Tech team of researchers has proven that homemade inexpensive stink bug traps crafted from simple
The trap eliminated 14 times more stink bugs than store-bought traps that cost up to $50 the study found.
Virginia Tech created a video showing how to build a trap: http://vimeo. com/92354801we knew that insects are attracted generally to light
so we were able to exploit that with these traps said John Aigner a doctoral student in the Department of Entomology.
and Tom Kuhar an entomology professor and Virginia Cooperative Extension specialist enlisted the help of citizen scientists--homeowners who were annoyed by the infestation of stink bugs in their houses--to evaluate different types of traps for ridding homes
The homemade trap is not only inexpensive it is also pesticide-free Unfortunately the traps are only practical in homes.
Save threatened species by giving them treated cotton for nestswhen University of Utah biologists set out cotton balls treated with a mild pesticide wild finches in the Galapagos islands used the cotton to help build their nests killing parasitic
because there currently are no other methods to control this parasite bloodsucking maggots of the nest fly Philornis downsi says University of Utah biology doctoral student Sarah Knutie the study's first author.
Clayton says the parasitic nest fly may have invaded Ecuador's Galapagos islands via ships and boats from the mainland at an unknown time and showed up in large numbers in the 1990s.
Nest flies have been implicated in population declines of Darwin's finches including the two endangered species. Clayton says the pesticide--permethrin--is safe for the birds:
It might kill a few other insects in the nest. This is the same stuff in head-lice shampoo you put on your kid.
and so if the birds can be encouraged to incorporate fumigated cotton into their nests then they may be able to lessen the effects of the parasites Knutie says.
Hawaiian honeycreepers infested with feather lice birds in Puerto rico afflicted by Philornis flies and the endangered Florida scrub jay parasitized by fleas.
Knutie says permethrin-treated cotton has been used in the Northeast to get mice to incorporate it in their nests to kill Lyme disease-carrying ticks.
when she noticed Darwin's finches were coming to my laundry line grabbing frayed fibers from the line and taking it away presumably back to their nests she recalls.
Parasitic nest flies lay their eggs in finch nests which have shaped dome roofs of woven plant fibers.
Past studies found that in some years maggots kill all the nestlings in nests they parasitize
if finches could be encouraged to pick up treated cotton to fumigate their own nests located in tree cacti and acacia trees.
Processed and unprocessed cotton balls appear slightly different so researchers could distinguish treated or untreated cotton in nests.
which are territorial travel no more than 55 feet from their nests to collect nest-building material.
none of the nests were found to have both types of cotton. The researchers searched for active finch nests weekly within 65 feet of each dispenser using a camera on a pole to check each nest
which species occupied a nest. After birds in a given nest finished breeding (within three weeks) and left the nest the scientists collected the nest dissected it counted the number of parasitic fly maggots
and then weighed and separated all the nest materials including cotton. The Utah biologists found 26 active nests of which 22 (85 percent) contained cotton:
13 nests had treated permethrin cotton nine had untreated cotton and four had no cotton. Regardless of treatment the amount of cotton in nests and the percent of the nest made of cotton didn't vary significantly.
The researchers write that their study found self-fumigation had a significant negative effect on parasites killing at least half the fly maggots.
The 13 nests with treated cotton averaged 15 maggots give or take 10. Nests with untreated cotton averaged 30 maggots give or take eight.
The amount of untreated cotton in a nest was unrelated to the number of maggots; but the more treated cotton the fewer the parasites.
Of eight nests with at least 1 gram of cotton (one 28th of an ounce) seven had no maggots
and one nest had four. If the birds insert a gram or more of treated cotton--about a thimbleful--it kills 100 percent of the fly larvae Clayton says.
A separate follow-up experiment--and earlier studies by others--showed killing the parasites with sprayed permethrin increases baby bird survival.
The researchers did not study survival of offspring in nests with cotton balls because that requires repeatedly climbing to nests
so birds can be weighed and banded which might disrupt the birds from self-fumigating their nests with cotton balls.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Utah. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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