and fungi pests yet some species have developed resistance against these toxins and may even exploit them to identify the most nutritious plant tissues.
The results allow them to learn more about the flight pattern of this insect which is threatening palm trees all over the world in order to set new preventive and curative measures against the pest.
This information helps to improve the management of this pest and to find more efficient control measures.
in order to avoid or at least reduce the dispersion of the pest. Or we know the safety perimeter that must be applied in an area with red palm weevil presence adds Juan Antonio à valos researcher at the Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute of the UPV.
It is hoped that the results from this study could be used to develop methods to control agricultural insect pests
and pests as well as their outstanding performance in landscapes Earth-Kindâ roses can thrive in most environments even with limited care.
Mosquitoes and ticks are the two pests you primarily want to avoid because they potentially carry infectious diseases says Jennifer Layden MD infectious disease specialist at Loyola University Health System.
and Rocky mountain spotted fever and mosquitoes can spread West Nile Virus. Insect repellents are used to avoid exposure to pests that can bite attach
During the last 15 years a third moth species the rare umber moth (Agriopis aurantiaria) has invaded the coastal regions of North Norway and established itself as a serious pest in the coastal birch forest.
The authors of a new research study say it is crucial to be vigilant about potential pests and pathogens on imported cuttings of Dracaena.
Pests and pathogens currently not in the United states could be imported with Dracaena plant materials said Ariena H. C. van Bruggen corresponding author of the study published in Hortscience.
Bats play a crucial role in pest control. A single brown bat will eat its body mass equivalent in insects in one summer night Cornelison said.
#Genetic control mechanism for major livestock pest developedresearchers from North carolina State university have developed a technique to control populations of the Australian sheep blowfly--a major livestock pest in Australia
and Old world screwworm two major livestock pests that are close relatives of the sheep blowfly.
The New world screwworm is a devastating pest of livestock that was eradicated from North and Central america by releasing sterilized male and female flies Scott says.
Efficient genetic control systems have the potential to help eradicate some of the biggest problem pests across the globe he said.
ARID could have wide uses Woli said. â#oearid has potential to predict various responses by a crop that are related water stress â such as grain yield total biomass produced pest
There's a debate among Australians he said about the potential role of dingoes in suppressing introduced pests that have decimated already wildlife there.
Dingoes are managed as a pest in New south wales the country's most populous state. To reduce dingo predation in the livestock industry Australia also maintains the world's longest fence which runs for 5500 kilometers (3400 miles) in an attempt to exclude dingoes from almost a quarter of the continent.
landscapes of the pernicious pest. Their findings could make the maddening itch of the summer season a thing of the past for the untold millions who are allergic to the plant.
These hydrocarbons serve as chemical self-defenses against pests as well as providing the familiar aromatic essential oils used in both medicinal cough drops and for industrial processes.
For example this method is used to play a trick on grape phylloxera a notorious pest of commercial grapevines that attacks the roots of the plants.
By grafting pest-sensitive elite grape cultivars onto pest-resistant wild rootstocks infestation is prevented effectively.
or regulate pest outbreaks. These are enjoyed things by everyone but not so easy to pay for through food sales.
or reflecting light differently an indication that the plants are under some type of stress such as pests disease or nutrient deficiencies.
--despite being highly toxic to a number of key insect pests. New research led by Newcastle University UK has tested the insect-specific Hv1a/GNA fusion protein bio-pesticide--a combination of a natural toxin from the venom of an Australian funnel web spider
What we need is integrated an pest management strategy and insect-specific pesticides will be just one part of that.
and nutrition and can grow successfully in environments stressed by drought pests diseases or poor soil quality.
since the development of agriculture typically use apparent physical traits to guide strain selection for crossbreeding with the hope that the offspring will manifest a combination and improvement of the desired traits such as drought pest and disease resistance
or heat treatment of wood pallets and crates to prevent the inadvertent import of new wood boring insect pests in shipping materials.
Some critics have argued that investments in pest management are justified not because prevention can only delay invasions
or delaying the introduction of new pests a few of which may be as bad or worse than the emerald ash borer said lead author Brian Leung an ecologist at Mcgill University in Montreal Canada.
and colleagues estimate that the economic benefits of slowing the introduction of wood boring insect pests will accumulate a net benefit of $11. 7 billion taking into account benefits minus costs through 2050.
The people who experience the majority of the damages of invasive pests are not generally the people who benefit the most from the imports said Leung.
The costs of invasive pests are distributed very unevenly. Ash trees (Fraxinus spp. line city streets and fill agricultural windbreaks throughout much of North america--38 million landscape trees in the 25 states surrounding Detroit according to US Forest Service estimate.
Sometimes you don't have a choice to manage pests once they're here. You can't leave a dead tree to fall on someone's house said Leung.
but we should not underestimate the benefits of even delaying the arrival of new pests
Biocontrolas part of this study which was funded by the Ouranos Consortium Moiroux tried to understand the possible role of global warming on the relationship between crop pests and their natural enemies--parasitoids and predators.
whether there is an effect of phenological asynchrony between parasitoids and their hosts and therefore an impact on the availability of host eggs and on pest control by their natural enemies.
In Quebec the European corn borer is a pest that farmers face every year. The parasitoid Trichogramma for its part is an ally
in order to adopt an appropriate strategy for integrated pest management Moiroux said. He will now be looking at
which species of soybean pests could come to Quebec in the coming years due to climate change.
#Genetic basis of pest resistance to biotech cotton discoveredan international team led by scientists at the University of Arizona
Their findings reported in the May 19 issue of the journal PLOS ONE shed light on how the global caterpillar pest called pink bollworm overcomes biotech cotton
The results could have major impacts for managing pest resistance to Bt crops. Bt crops have had major benefits for society said Jeffrey Fabrick the lead author of the study and a research entomologist at the USDA Agricultural research service in Maricopa Arizona.
but this is the first analysis of the molecular genetic basis of severe pest resistance to a Bt crop in the field said Bruce Tabashnik one of the paper's authors and the head of the Department of Entomology in the UA College
As a result pink bollworm has been eradicated all but in the southwestern U s. Suppression of this pest with Bt cotton is the cornerstone of an integrated pest management program that has allowed Arizona cotton growers to reduce broad spectrum insecticide use by 80
because they kill certain pests but are not toxic to people and most other organisms.
Pest control with Bt proteins--either in sprays or genetically engineered crops--reduces reliance on chemical insecticides.
when pests evolve resistance. The emergence of resistant pink bollworm in India provided the researchers an opportunity to test the hypothesis that insects in the field would evolve resistance to Bt toxin by the same genetic mechanism found previously in the lab. In the lab strains the scientists had identified mutations in a gene
Wood packaging material has carried numerous nonnative forest pest invaders to countries throughout the world. Several hundred nonnative forest insect species have become established in the U s
This in turn affected the plant's wounding response and made it more susceptible to pest injury.
This finding suggests that growers should focus more effort on maintaining the health of the root system in relation to other soilborne pests
and homeowners will be looking for a way to get rid of the pest. Researchers in the College of Agriculture and Life sciences found that the best way to get rid of the little buggers is to fill a foil roasting pan with water
because the insecticides required to control it are broad spectrum toxicants that are highly disruptive to integrated pest management programs.
because we want to kill the pests but not all the other species in our environment. The research team looked at the effects of three pesticides--diazinon imidacloprid and propiconazole--on the aquatic invertebratesgammarus pulex (freshwater shrimp) Gammarus fossarum (freshwater shrimp) and Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail.
and how to kill the pests without harming other organisms we have to start with mechanisms of toxic action.
which are designed to kill pest insects. Toxicity of these neurotoxicants does vary a lot among species--in our study the shrimps turned out to be much more sensitive than the pond snail.
because we want to kill the pests but not all the other species in our environment. The research team looked at the effects of three pesticides--diazinon imidacloprid and propiconazole--on the aquatic invertebratesgammarus pulex (freshwater shrimp) Gammarus fossarum (freshwater shrimp) and Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail.
and how to kill the pests without harming other organisms we have to start with mechanisms of toxic action.
which are designed to kill pest insects. Toxicity of these neurotoxicants does vary a lot among species--in our study the shrimps turned out to be much more sensitive than the pond snail.
and Distributions shows that EABS were feasting on ash trees in southeast Michigan by the early 1990s well before this pest was discovered in 2002 said Deb Mccullough MSU professor of forest entomology.
Because of that they are considered not an important pest in China. The Asian ash species have evolved with the beetles so healthy trees there are resistant to them.
Events such as droughts floods wildfires and pest outbreaks associated with climate change (for example bark beetles in the West) are already disrupting ecosystems.
#Protecting crops from pests, diseasea team of international researchers has uncovered a mechanism by which plants are able to better defend themselves against disease-causing pathogens.
Binding of the chemical to this protein triggers a secondary function that'primes'the plant immune system against future attacks by pests and diseases.
Cockroaches primarily German cockroaches have become a common pest in confined swine operations. Zurek and his colleagues collected house flies and cockroaches from food animal production locations including swine
Clearly pest management and trying to minimize the pest populations on farms and outside of the farms is one way he said.
#Whitefly confused by cacophony of smellsbombarding pests with smells from many different plants temporarily confuses them
Like other insect pests whitefly feed by pushing their long mouthpiece--or stylets--into the leaf until it reaches the plant's main source of nutrients travelling through the phloem.
and Dr Barry Brogan said this method of control could be an important step towards a more sustainable method of pest control.
Because the effect is temporary--we saw it last no more than 15 hours--it's unlikely this method alone could be used to control crop pests.
Used in conjunction with other methods sensory confusion opens up a whole new area in sustainable pest control.
Trialeurodes vaporariorum--or whitefly--is a major worldwide pest of greenhouse crops and is controlled traditionally using chemical pesticides or biological methods such as parasites.
Such information could give important new clues for the forestry industry to help curb the current devastation of North american forests from this pest.
and wetlands and pest control provided by birds and bats. The study's findings point to the need for new approaches that integrate conservation
#East African honeybees safe from invasive pests...for nowseveral parasites and pathogens that devastate honeybees in Europe Asia
The invasive pests include including Nosema microsporidia and Varroa mites. Our East African honeybees appear to be resilient to these invasive pests
which suggests to us that the chemicals used to control pests in Europe Asia and the United states currently are not necessary in East Africa said Elliud Muli senior lecturer in the Department of Biological sciences South Eastern Kenya University and researcher at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
Kenya. The team first discovered Varroa mites in Kenya in 2009. This new study also provides baseline data for future analyses of possible threats to African honeybee populations.
I would not be surprised to find they have some innate genetic tolerance to these pests Patch said.
We suspect the seemingly greater tolerance of African bees to these pests over the western bees is a combination of genes and environment.
and it suggests that the approach to manage these pests should not follow the application of pesticides as has been done in the western world said Muli.
These newly introduced pests to Africa might have long-term implications for the honeybee populations.
Climate change is expected also to intensify several stresses that forests already face such as damaging insect pests and diseases drought and wildfire.
#Farming for improved ecosystem services seen as economically feasibleby changing row-crop management practices in economically and environmentally stable ways US farms could contribute to improved water quality biological diversity pest suppression
The danger is that it will become more vulnerable to climate extremes and pest outbreaks.
or were susceptible to wind snow pests and pathogens. It is truly a unique achievement to design trees for deconstruction
#Stink bug traps may increase damage to tomato fruitsthe invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) is an important pest of fruits and vegetables.
when pests arrive in the general vicinity of a trap and rest on vegetation before entering
Insect pests in the makingof thousands of known species of Drosophila fruit flies just one is known as a crop pest depositing eggs inside ripening fruit
and crucial differences between this pest and its close relatives--and that one related fly has potential to also become a pest.
when D. suzukii was identified as a pest said Joel Atallah a postdoctoral researcher at UC Davis who carried out the work with Artyom Kopp professor of evolution and ecology and undergraduate researchers Lisa Teixeira Raul
However it wasn't identified as a pest in North america until 2008 when a UC Cooperative Extension specialist sent samples of infested strawberries to Kopp's laboratory at UC Davis asking for help in identification.
D. subpulchrella has not yet been identified as a pest in the western world but it may have the potential to become one.
because an additional generation of pests could hatch each year due to the rising temperatures. These are two of many statements from the report CH2014-Impacts
and pest control--and in water supply. Due to the changing streamflow in the rivers it will in future be necessary to be more economical with the use of water.
#Success of new bug-fighting approach may vary from field to fielda new technique to fight crop insect pests may affect different insect populations differently researchers report.
They analyzed RNA interference (RNAI) a method that uses genetic material to silence specific genes--in this case genes known to give insect pests an advantage.
The western corn rootworm will likely be one of the first crop pests to be targeted with RNAI technology said Manfredo Seufferheld a former University of Illinois crop sciences professor who led the study with crop sciences graduate student Chia
and the insects that feed on those crops this knowledge will help us develop better pest-management strategies that are more in tune with nature.
The findings suggest that targeting a single gene to control a pest species is not the best strategy Spencer said.
We now know that disrupting a particular target gene may enhance undesirable pest characteristic such as rotation resistance
With RNAI we are trying to subtly subvert important processes very precisely to bring about pest death.
This study shows how variation among crop pests may alter the outcome of a seemingly straightforward manipulation.
The findings might be of interest to agricultural biotech firms that are hoping to add RNAI to their pest-killing arsenals he said.
and pest-resistant banana varieties says Swennen. The next step is to screen other banana varieties for metabolites.
#Predators delay pest resistance to Bt cropscrops genetically modified with the bacterium Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) produce proteins that kill pest insects.
Steady exposure has prompted concern that pests will develop resistance to these proteins making Bt plants ineffective.
to delay the evolution of resistance in an insect pest to a Bt cropâ#said Anthony Shelton a professor of entomology at Cornell University's New york state Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva N y
Bt genes have been engineered into a variety of crops to control insect pests. Since farmers began planting Bt crops in 1996 with 70 million hectares planted in the United states in 2012 there have been only three clear-cut cases in agriculture of resistance in caterpillars
To delay or prevent insect pests from evolving resistance to Bt crops the U s. Environmental protection agency promotes the use of multiple Bt genes in plants
the conservation of natural enemies of the pest speciesâ#said Shelton. These predators can reduce the number of potentially resistant individuals in a pest population and delay evolution of resistance to Bt.
In the study the researchers set up large cages in a greenhouse. Each cage contained Bt broccoli and refuges of non-Bt broccoli.
They studied populations of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae a pest of broccoli and their natural enemies ladybird beetles (Coleomegilla maculata) for six generations.
Farmers commonly spray insecticides on refuge plants to prevent loss by pests but such sprays can kill predators and prey indiscriminately.
In contrast Bt plants with no refuge were defoliated completely in treatments without ladybirds after only four to five generations showing rapid development of resistance in the pests.
but the larvae more quickly evolved resistance to the Bt plants. â#oethese results demonstrate the effectiveness of Bt plants in controlling the pest population the lack of effect of Bt on the predators
and the role predators play in delaying resistance to Bt plants in the pest populationâ#said Shelton.
Another danger of a more homogeneous global food basket is that it makes agriculture more vulnerable to major threats like drought insect pests and diseases
pesticidesresistance to pesticides has now been recorded in nearly a thousand pest species including more than 500 insects 218 weeds and 190 fungi that attack plants.
These proteins kill some key pests but are not toxic to people wildlife or even most insects.
or none and that intermediate levels of resistance can have a continuum of effects on pest control the authors describe five categories of field-evolved resistance
and cotton based on monitoring data from five continents for nine major pest species. Emerging resistance of the western corn rootworm to Bt corn exemplifies the urgent need for well-defined
Although some scientists have expressed concern that reports of pest resistance to Bt crops provide'ammunition'to anti-biotech activists Tabashnik said Pests are remarkably adaptable.
and that this year marks the 100th anniversary of the first reported case of insecticide resistance he concludes Finding ways to delay resistance is a never-ending challenge with any pest management approach.
and identify the major protein components which could lead to new pest control approaches. Until now essentially nothing was known about the composition of stink bug saliva which is surprising given the importance of these insects as pests
and the fact that their saliva is the primary cause of feeding injury to plants
Other than using synthetic pesticides there have been few alternative approaches to controlling these pests. By identifying the major protein components of saliva it now may be possible to target the specific factors in saliva that are essential for their feeding and therefore design new approaches for controlling stink bugs.
and the damage it causes researchers can begin to develop targeted control methods for these pests Peiffer said.
to and during irradiation sterilization on two other plant pests: the Caribbean fruit fly and the invasive cactus moth.
Currently insect pests are managed with pesticides and synthetic pheromones--the latter of which confuse the insect and prevent it from breeding
Developing biocontrol methods and their integration in sustainable pest and disease management in blackcurrant production.
One recent example is the development of seeds treated with insecticides to discourage early damage by crop pests.
After testing scores of samples taken from rice fields across the state MSU scientists found that seed treatments are effective in managing the crop's most troublesome insect pests.
Seed treatments provide good control against a whole complex of other rice pests he said.
Performance under flood Seed treatments for row crops such as corn cotton or soybean target early-season pests that are in the soil
The finding could lead to the development of a tool to manage this invasive pest that affects about 25 tree species in the United states. Tens of thousands of hardwood trees mostly maples have been cut down
We discovered a pheromone produced by females of this species that could be used to manage the pest.
and potato leaf hoppers and an increase in a pest called clover root curculio Egan said.
If there are only few shade trees left the habitat may become unsuitable for the animal species that pollinate the coffee eat pests
and to biological pest control in the coffee fields. The aim was to find out whether and how intensified farming affects these services provided by the ecosystem.
and bats had access to the plants there was almost a ten percent higher fruit set. â#oewe believe that this is due to the fact that the animals eliminate pests that would
and pest control complement each other perfectly; both are important for higher yieldsâ#says Steffan-Dewenter:
'and the new research shows that pests pathogens and management issues likely play a major role in this
That the major causes of annual losses include pests (e g. the Varroa mite) pathogens (e g. viruses that these mites carry) and the need for research and advancements in management techniques available for large-scale apiaries
There is a growing understanding of the role that introduced pests and pathogens play in species declines said Dr. Peter Daszak Disease Ecologist and President of Ecohealth Alliance.
#How safe to use is the enemy of a citrus-threatening pest? The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) can spread the lethal and incurable citrus disease known as huanglongbing (HLB)
These types of studies continue to advance the safety of biological control for suppressing populations of invasive pests thereby greatly reducing reliance on pesticides for control said Hoddle a biological control specialist in the Department of Entomology.
and chemically-treated buffer zones were established around sites to control the pest. To test the safety of Tamarixia different species of native California psyllids were exposed to the wasp in a series of tests.
This was the native pest potato psyllid which spreads a bacterium that causes zebra chip disease.
Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest. According to Hoddle such results demonstrate that carefully selected natural enemies used in biological control programs for invasive pests can be very safe
and should not cause unwanted environmental damage. There is growing concern over the damage that invasive species cause he said
and biological control programs don't want to be causing additional problems through releasing inappropriate agents for the control of invasive pests Safety tests like those conducted in this study greatly minimize these risks.
such as pest controlservices provided by Mother Nature such as pest control from insect-eating bats are affected by market forces like most anything else in the economy a University of Tennessee Knoxville study finds.
and technological substitutes affect the value of pest control services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats on cotton production in the U s. They found the services are impacted by the forces to the tune of millions of dollars.
which means they help farmers by preying on pests and reducing the need for insecticides.
The researchers calculated the value of the bat pest control service each year from 1990 through 2008 by estimating the value of avoided crop damage and the reduced social and private costs of insecticide use in the presence of bats.
and the adoption of transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis cotton which is modified to express its own pesticide the researchers found that the value of the pest control services dropped 79 percent from a high of $23. 96 million in 1990
and natural pest control diminish the importance of protecting ecosystems said LÃ pez-Hoffman . While our research shows a diminished value of pest control due to fluctuations in market conditions our larger analyses show that conservation is still economically beneficial.
The researchers point to mounting evidence of the evolution of pest resistance to Bt cotton suggesting that the value of bat pest control services may increase again.
This evidence of resistance evolution suggests that Bt cotton may not be a long-term solution to pest-related losses said Mccracken.
In fact by preying on the individual insects that survive the Bt toxin bats may provide the additional service of slowing the evolution of resistance to Bt and other insecticides.
and as generalist predators are providing a broad spectrum of pest control. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Tennessee at Knoxville.
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