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Synopsis: Marine & water travel: Water travels: Seaway:

the Roman Colosseum and aqueducts the Great Walls of China which I have on good account can be seen from space (one of a few really) Stonehenge the Hagia Sophia Petra Taj Mahal the Panama canal Machu Picchu

what is now Grand Staircase-Escalante National monument was a subtropical swampy section of Laramidia an island continent separated from the eastern part of North america by a seaway.

and South america besides the man made Panama canal? Why couldn't the monkeys just walk to North america like any other animal

#Lessons From The Panama canal, 100 Years Agowhen it opened in August 1914 the 48-mile Panama canal provided a vital shortcut between the Atlantic

We have learned two great lessons in the construction of the Panama canal. One is that with money modern machinery

The Panama canal is a wonderful feat of engineering and we can easily imagine civil engineers attempting in the near future to conserve

and forested land as part of a large-scale land-use experiment in the Panama canal watershed initiated by STRI.

The USGS STRI University of Wyoming and the Panama canal Authority have the resources to do that.

Severe drought forced Panama canal authorities to impose draft restrictions on transiting ships in 1997. In 2010 a major December storm system examined in this study halted shipping in the canal for 17 hours.

The research was conducted on the Smithsonian's 700-hectare Panama canal Watershed Experiment a long-term research site designed to quantify ecosystem services provided by different land uses.

In contrast large regions were deforested to very low carbon levels such as in the developed regions outside the protected watershed of the Panama canal.

carbon and timbermore than 13000 ships per year carrying more than 284 million tons of cargo transit the Panama canal each year generating roughly $1. 8 billion dollars in toll fees for the Panama canal Authority.

The Panama canal is being expanded to create channels and locks three times larger than at present leaving the authority to consider how best to meet the increased demand for water.

Published this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) their study--Bundling ecosystem services in the Panama canal Watershed--examines precipitation topography vegetation

The Panama canal watershed is currently being reforested to protect the dry-season flows needed for canal operations.

in revenue to the Panama canal Authority. In parts of the watershed not currently under forest they found that reforestation of areas with high precipitation rates flat terrain

In both cases these conditions potentially pose a problem for the Panama canal Authority. Even with water-saving advances in the new locks the canal is expected to need 14 percent more water

However the Panama canal Authority is not the only beneficiary of the watershed and water is not the only ecosystem service supplied.

Within 25 years practically no ash trees may remain on either side of the St lawrence Seaway said Akhlesh Lakhtakia Charles Godfrey Binder Professor of Engineering science and Mechanics at Penn State.

of which were published recently in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. For their study the scientists evaluated data from six forest censuses conducted over the past decades on Barro Colorado Island in the Panama canal.

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