The results suggest that mass epidemics may spark from a complicated intermingling of bacteria between animals and humans and from exchanges between different countries
when global epidemics of drug-resistant salmonella infections began to arise. Livestock was assumed to be the source of the epidemics
because animals naturally harbour the bacteria. To find out whether this was really the case, the team used whole-genome sequencing to trace the tiny evolutionary steps of the collected bacterial strains.
because the epidemics were international. He notes however, that, to eliminate the possibility of a domestically derived outbreak,
Pig virus spreads Canada confirmed its first case of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus on 23 Â January.
It caused mass epidemics in Europe in the 1970s and 1980s. Last spring, the United states reported its first case (see Nature 499,388;
But the surge in H7n9 flu cases highlights the continuing public-health and possibly pandemic threat that it poses.
Study revives bird origin for 1918 flu pandemicthe virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic probably sprang from North american domestic and wild birds, not from the mixing of human and swine viruses.
pigs and bats using a model they developed to map evolutionary relationships between viruses from different host species. The branched tree that resulted showed that the genes of the deadly 1918 pandemic virus are of avian origin.
A 2005 genetic analysis of the 1918 pandemic virus pulled from a victim s preserved tissue concluded that it most closely matched viruses of avian origin2.
and swine for at least 2 to 15 years before the pandemic and combined to make the lethal virus. Gavin Smith, an evolutionary biologist at Duke-NUS Graduate Medical school at the National University of Singapore,
"Transmission between horses and humans seems to have been key to some epidemics when horses were an intimate part of our lives,
The new plants are designed to combat wheat stem rust a fungus that used to take out a fifth of the U s.'wheat crop at once during epidemics through the 1950s.
the medical techniques described in their report Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam techniques which they recommend except in cases where the amputated penis had been eaten partially by a duck.
Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam by Kasian Bhanganada Tu Chayavatana Chumporn Pongnumkul Anunt Tonmukayakul Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn Krit Komaratal and Henry Wilde
if there was a real threat to drug company profits from lack of vaccination they will create their own epidemic
which obesity is considered an epidemic our country may go bankrupt because of all the old retired people on the government dole
There is a lot more behind the obesity epidemic than fast food. I'm sure most readers have seen Supersize Mehere is an'actual'documentary in response to it.
and a good bit of insight to some of the problems driving the obesity epidemic copy the link
and diabetes epidemic and admit they are stupid idiots. Did you really just write those salads aren't actually healthful at all?
TYPE II DIABETES is related a lifestyle disease that has reached epidemic proportions having increased 10-fold in a few decades
#Unleashing An Epidemic To Kill The Tumbleweedsdana Berner wants to start an epidemic among tumbleweeds.
That's not exactly the kind of scene you imagine for the beginning of a sci-fi movie about the next big pandemic.
The H1n1 flu that reached pandemic proportions in 2009 first spent some time circulating among pigs in Asia Europe and North america.
and epidemic when new material was available. Malaria was ever present consuming the life blood
I don t think it s a nationwide epidemic but as the Lone Star tick geographical distribution increases
I think it s going to be a regional epidemic in many areas. Meanwhile many of the meat allergy sufferers have had to adjust to a new normal.
The current mountain pine beetle epidemic has spread across 3. 4 million acres in Colorado since the outbreak was detected first in 1996.
Hybrid poplar trees which are grown usually in dense rows on flat land almost like a food crop are especially vulnerable to insect epidemics the researchers said.
And a number of the recommendations about preventing severe epidemics of phoma stem canker have already been taken up.
and climate change has allowed the current epidemic to spread from lodgepole pine to jack pine a tree species that was thought to be unsuitable for beetle survival in Alberta.
and herbivores as well as why some species reach epidemic prevalence and abundance. Researchers also examined the difficulties of maintaining tree health
The BRS virus is equivalent to the human RS virus and causes most of the cases of serious pneumonia that lead to fatalities in calves and to epidemics
and Iowa to trace the likely origin of the emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) to a strain from the Anhui province in China.
There is currently no vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United states . Although some vaccines are in use in Asia we do not know
whether they would work against the U s. strains of the virus. The researchers determined not only that the three U s. strains of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are most closely related to the Chinese strains of the virus
and Genotyping of Emergent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus Strains in the United states abstract in the Oct 15 issue of the American Academy of Microbiology's journal mbio.
and Chinese virus strains coincides with a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreak in China back in December of 2010.
whether the U s. strains of the virus diverged in China or in the United states. The sudden emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
A mountain pine beetle epidemic in the western United states has covered left mountainsides with dead pines especially lodgepole pine with most of the timber
which they attempted to reconstruct the entire epidemic. Reconstructions like this are common for livestock infections
This is the first rigorous statistical analysis carried out on a honeybee disease epidemic that we are aware of.
The model also simulated the impact of different control strategies on controlling the epidemic and found that the measures taken by authorities in Jersey at the time--to inspect
Using just two snapshots of data we have been able to reconstruct this epidemic and we are confident that our technique can be applied to a wide range of other outbreak scenarios.
The findings highlight the potential for cows to serve as a reservoir for bacteria with the capacity for pandemic spread in humans.
and hopefully prevent the birth of the next pandemic S. aureus strain. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Microbiology.
Our findings reinforce that the novel virus possesses the potential for pandemic spread. So does this imply that H7n9 has come one step closer towards adapting fully to humans ask James Rudge
while this study might not suggest that H7n9 is any closer to delivering the next pandemic it does provide a timely reminder of the need to remain extremely vigilant:
Based on a growing body of evidence almost every European and North american public health authority agrees that routine antibiotic use in animal food production likely worsens the epidemic of resistance he writes.
The virus has several highly unusual traits that paint a disquieting picture of a pathogen that may yet lead to a pandemic according to lead scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases.
and the implications of past outbreaks for predicting the future course of the current H7n9 epizootic an epidemic among animals are uncertain write the authors.
The possibility that H7n9 might infect pigs is particularly troubling as swine are considered a mixing vessel for viruses--a breeding ground for novel viral reassortants like the 2009 H1n1 pandemic influenza strain commonly known as swine flu.
Regardless of its future H7n9 certainly holds lessons for preventing human and animal pandemics. All the unknowns surrounding the virus make a strong case for enhancing basic and applied research into the evolution of influenza viruses and for better integration of influenza virology within human and veterinary public health efforts.
By taking the right measures this tobacco epidemic can be prevented entirely. THE WHO FCTC was developed in response to the globalization of the tobacco epidemic.
Since THE WHO FCTC came into force in 2005 175 countries and the European union have become parties to it.
*The World health organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control developed in response to the globalization of the tobacco epidemic.
and spark a pandemic so information about swine susceptibility to H7n9 could help scientists gauge the pandemic potential of the avian virus. Unlike the ferrets infected pigs in this small study did not transmit virus to uninfected pigs
and culling of poultry in affected areas should be taken during this initial stage of virus prevalence to prevent a possible pandemic.
#Potential flu pandemic lurks: Influenza viruses circulating in pigs, birds could pose risk to humansin the summer of 1968 a new strain of influenza appeared in Hong kong.
and have the potential to generate a pandemic if they leap to humans. The researchers led by Ram Sasisekharan the Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT also found that current flu vaccines might not offer protection against these strains.
From a pandemic-preparedness point of view we should potentially start including some of these H3 strains as part of influenza vaccines.
or birds have caused several notable flu pandemics. When one of these avian or swine viruses gains the ability to infect humans it can often evade the immune system which is primed to recognize only strains that commonly infect humans.
since the 1968 pandemic but they have evolved to a less dangerous form that produces a nasty seasonal flu.
In 2009 a strain of H1n1 emerged that was very similar to the virus that caused a 1918 pandemic that killed 50 million to 100 million people.
This value indicates the percentage of these genetic regions identical to those of the 1968 pandemic strain
since 2000 that could potentially cause a pandemic. Of these 549 came from birds and 32 from pigs.
The pandemic of CBSD now underway is particularly worrisome because agriculture experts have been looking to the otherwise resilient cassava plant
and the African continent witnessed several major CMD epidemics over the past decades the most recent and devastating
Great success was achieved in combating the CMD pandemic through developing and disseminating varieties that were resistant to CMD.
But by a cruel twist of nature both improved and local varieties all succumbed to the'new'pandemic of CBSD.
A lack of information about the virus and its mode of transmission has led to public concerns that H7n9 could be a pandemic waiting to happen.
However so far there is no evidence of the sustained human-to-human transmission required for a pandemic to occur.
Although there is no evidence so far that this virus will result in a human pandemic this outbreak provides a reminder of the importance for all countries to ensure they have an appropriate stockpile of antiviral medication.
and should aim to reduce the risk of emergence of human pandemic agents. Dr. Pongpisut Jongudomsuk Director of the Health Systems Research Institute Thailand and Chair of the APEIR Steering committee said:
And the chronic form is a key factor in the epidemic of overweight and obesity that here in the United states threatens health problems for two out of every three people.
And consumption of too much food and less nutritious foods underpins epidemics in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
#Predicting hotspots for future flu outbreaksthis year's unusually long and rocky flu season would be compared nothing to the pandemic that could occur
and generate a future pandemic said lead author Trevon Fuller a UCLA postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability's Center for Tropical Research.
Previous pandemics such as the 1957 and 1968 influenzas that each killed more than a million people or the 2009 H1n1 swine flu outbreak that killed 280000 worldwide developed
and prevent the next pandemic he said. The researchers looked for locations where bird flu outbreaks human flu outbreaks
The global poaching crisis for elephants is at epidemic proportions said WCS Executive vice president for Conservation and Science John Robinson.
Between 1984 and 1996 however Sweden was hit by an epidemic of celiac disease in children under 2 years of age.
Through further investigation of the epidemic researchers have shown now that celiac disease currently affects up to 3%of all young people.
which is part of the Preventcd European project ETICS is a screening study conducted in 2005-2011 among 12-year-olds born during the epidemic (1993) and after (1997).
In summary for a twelve year period starting in 1984 Sweden experienced a unique epidemic of celiac disease in the youngest children.
Between 1984 and 1996 however Sweden was hit by an epidemic of celiac disease in children under 2 years of age.
Through further investigation of the epidemic researchers have shown now that celiac disease currently affects up to 3%of all young people.
which is part of the Preventcd European project ETICS is a screening study conducted in 2005-2011 among 12-year-olds born during the epidemic (1993) and after (1997).
In summary for a twelve year period starting in 1984 Sweden experienced a unique epidemic of celiac disease in the youngest children.
Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
as a result of the beetle epidemic said Lewis also a faculty member in CU-Boulder's ecology and evolutionary biology department.
and Gene Likens of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook N y. The severe pine beetle epidemic in Colorado
A November 2012 study by CU-Boulder doctoral student Teresa Chapman showed the 2001-02 drought greatly accelerated the development of the mountain pine beetle epidemic.
and reduce the dementia epidemic worldwide.''He added:''The increased risk of severe dementia syndromes in those exposed to passive smoking is increased similar to risk of coronary heart disease--suggesting that urgent preventive measures should be taken not just in China but many other countries.'
and more needs to be done to continue to have a positive impact on the epidemic.
Back in the 1960s in the middle of the cardiovascular disease epidemic people got the idea that saturated fats were bad
With the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes it's critical to invest in effective diabetes prevention
Uncontrolled Varroa infestation can thereby cause an accelerating virus epidemic and so kill a bee colony within two to three years.
Our data has become the most sensitive barometer of change during this poaching epidemic. We needed to quantify the scale of killing
The study part of multi-million-dollar Operation Idiopathic Decline and funded by the private Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation is titled Evidence of an Oxispirura petrowi Epizootic in Northern bobwhites
not only help reign in the current epidemic in West Africa but could be expanded easily and used if another filovirus strain started to spread.
Vaccines are the best way to completely eradicate an epidemic threat like Ebola says Matthias Schnell Ph d. Director of the Jefferson Vaccine Center and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Thomas Jefferson University.
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus both of which were detected in China in the same time frame prior to the U s. Both porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
This portends a potential epidemic of a lethal habit growing among upper and middle class adolescents said Dr. Weitzman.
and why the epidemic has grown over the past 15 years. Using Animal health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency
and the local environment that are driving the front of the epidemic. Imperfect cattle skin tests contribute to the spread by delaying the time until infected herds are detected for the first time
and caught early then it might be possible to make substantial progress in tackling the epidemic.
The control measures the researchers investigated were designed to be idealized'control options to understand what measures in theory could stop the increasing epidemic.
That false sense of health as well as a failure to understand the information presented in nutrition facts panels on packaged food may be contributing to the obesity epidemic in the United states said Temple Northup an assistant professor at the Jack J. Valenti School
#Rising tobacco epidemic in Asia linked to elevated risk of deatha new study estimates that tobacco smoking has been linked to approximately 2 million deaths among adult men
Tobacco smoking has reached now epidemic proportions in Asia and it is likely with the maturation of this epidemic
and the lack of effective tobacco control efforts smokers will continue to face an increased risk of death from cancer and other diseases.
University of Illinois kinesiology and community health professor Ruopeng An (pictured) and his colleague Roland Sturm of the RAND Corporation say long-term trends can help better understand the obesity epidemic in the U s. Photo by L
A common misbelief is that the obesity epidemic reflects increasing social disparities and that the largest weight gains are concentrated in groups identifiable by race ethnicity income education
So a reversal of the obesity epidemic would need universal intuitions rather than a focus on certain groups.
So we are kind of in a dilemma trying to figure out what really contributes to the obesity epidemic.
One idea about the current obesity epidemic is that appetite suppression systems that evolved to work with a paleo diet are off-kilter today.
Because the tobacco epidemic among women has varied globally researchers led by Lindsey Torre documented and compared contemporary trends in lung cancer mortality to identify opportunities for intervention.
The greatest opportunity we have right now for slowing a tobacco-fueled epidemic is in those countries where smoking among women is rare such as Africa and most of Asia.
That they can cause deadly and epidemic pneumonia in chamois was unknown. It is against the law to administer medical treatment to wild animals
so we don't really have many possibilities to prevent an epidemic explains Annika Posautz from the pathology team of the Research Institute.
However one consequence of the obesity epidemic is that nearly one out of every four reproductive-aged women is pre-diabetic.
#Suicide epidemic among Indias marginalized farmersa new study has found that India's shocking rates of suicide are highest in areas with the most debt-ridden farmers who are clinging to tiny smallholdings--less than one hectare
and reports from the field and suggest there is a suicide epidemic in marginalized areas of Indian agriculture that are at the mercy of global economics.
and help curb the growing epidemic of antibiotic resistance. The research was published in the journal PLOS One.
of which have entered the United states for the first time--porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and delta coronavirus. Swine specialists and molecular diagnosticians at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory have developed tests to detect which virus is infecting the pigs.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has killed already an estimated 6 million pigs. The Kansas State university laboratory is one of only four in the United states with the new tests to identify these diseases.
Two decades later the U s. Department of agriculture still ranks head blight as the worst plant disease to hit the U s. since the rust epidemics in the 1950s.
Only then can the researcher figure out how to prevent the disease from becoming an epidemic.
#Climate change puts wheat crops at risk of diseasethere is a risk that severity of epidemics of some wheat diseases may increase within the next ten to twenty years due to the impacts of climate change
The researchers carried out a survey in China to establish a link between weather and the severity of epidemics of fusarium ear blight on the wheat crops.
During severe epidemics wheat crop losses can be as much as sixty per cent. These losses can become larger as under certain conditions the fusarium pathogen produces toxic chemicals known as mycotoxins.
The research suggests that climate change will increase the risk of serious ear blight epidemics on winter wheat in Central China by the middle of this century (2020-2050.
It also helps resolve the origin of the virus that caused the unprecedentedly severe influenza pandemic of 1918 The new research is likely to change how scientists
when and from where pandemic viruses emerged. Once you resolve the evolutionary trees for these viruses correctly everything snaps into place
Ever since the influenza pandemic of 1918 it has not been possible to narrow down even to a hemisphere the geographic origins of any of the genes of the pandemic virus. Our study changes that Worobey said.
This has helped fuel a growing global epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
#Drought contributed to Typhus epidemics in Mexico from 1655 to 1918, study showsepidemiological data integrated with climate data taken from tree-ring estimates of soil moisture levels demonstrate that drought contributed to the spread of typhus in Mexico from 1655 to 1918 according to a new study by researchers
Now because of Mexico's rich historical record of epidemic disease we can see that drought as reconstructed by tree-ring chronologies caused conditions that allowed typhus to flourish in central Mexico over a 250-year period.
Stahle and Jordan Burns a graduate student in geography at the U of A compared historical records of 22 typhus epidemics in central Mexico with soil moisture estimates based on tree-ring reconstructions.
Below-average tree growth drought and low crop yields occurred during 19 of the 22 typhus epidemics.
The observed relationship between drought and typhus epidemics in colonial and modern Mexico is curious
Epidemic typhus is caused an infectious disease by a bacterium transmitted between people by body lice. The disease spreads where conditions are crowded and unsanitary.
Plant disease epidemics are bad news for farmers. There has been a heavy reliance on fungicides to control disease
and bats--are much more likely to succeed in the long run according to the U-M researchers who provide an overview of the recent Latin american coffee rust epidemic in a paper published online Jan 22 in the journal Bioscience.
The recent coffee rust epidemic damaged plantations from Mexico to Peru and applying fungicide is one of the main control methods promoted in the affected countries.
It's even possible that coffee rust will maintain its epidemic status indefinitely in the region though additional research would be required to determine
study suggeststhe Western diet probably has more to do with the asthma epidemic than has been assumed so far
and arteries clean and functioning, has boomed in recent years as Americans face an obesity and heart-disease epidemic.
Our obesity epidemic is not a demand problem. It's a supply problem. The mass production creates the mass production,
The answer to the obesity epidemic lies in changing our production incentives. Take the price supports off mass produced grain
will help to alleviate the pandemic of inactivity and obesity in the city. A recent Victorian Health Report shows poor nutrition accounts for around one-sixth of the total burden of ill health in the state
By attacking this adaptability, pandemic skeptic Peter Palese of the Mt. Sinai School of medicine in New york says,
What is the potential for a possible pandemic? I think it is inevitable that there will be another pandemic.
But if you look at the pandemics we've seen they have all been from viruses of the H1, H2 and H3 type.
In 1918 with H1, 1957 with H2, 1968 with H3 and in 2009 with H1 again.
What can we do to prevent a pandemic? The best hope is to monitor what is going on in these animal populations.
classrooms and businesses around the globe as much of the world struggles with an obesity epidemic.
and warns that the banana's unique reproductive system each new fruit is a genetic duplicate of the next makes it especially susceptible to epidemics
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