These modifications should also allow transplants utilizing lower amounts of toxic immunosuppressive drugs. These recent scientific developments in the field of genetic engineering along with the generation of novel target specific immune suppression and their favorable impact on organ and cellular transplantation may instill a new ray of hope for thousands
Through the combination of a pig heart with certain gene modifications with drugs suppressing both T
#Critical end-stage liver disease discovery madea team of researchers in the University of Arizona's College of Pharmacy has discovered a molecular pathway that could be key to creating new therapeutics that would slow or even reverse
Cells keep oxidative stress under control through various mechanisms said Donna Zhang a professor in the UA Department of Pharmacology
Somehow the protective mechanism mediated by Nrf2 is compromised by another factor other than Keap1 in liver cirrhosis. Adding to the mystery is the fact that drugs aimed at inhibiting Keap1 from chewing up Nrf2 have proven ineffective in a cirrhotic liver.
The first author of the report is Tongde Wu a graduate of the UA Department of Pharmacology
The discovery could change the way scientists develop therapeutics as it provides a new target for future drugs.
It's exciting to learn that metabolites excreted by the host can play a role in triggering this system in bacteria said Thomas Metz an author of the paper and a chemist at the Department of energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
The nanoreporter is sized based on nanometer carbon material developed by a consortium of Rice labs led by chemist James Tour
Tour said chemists have synthesized fluorescent probes to detect it in the body. The Rice team capitalized on that work by using the probes to create downhole detectors for oil fields.
Now the same team joined by chemist Angel Martã is employing thermally stable soluble highly mobile carbon black-based nanoreporters modified to look for hydrogen sulfide and report results immediately upon their return to the surface.
#Cow manure harbors diverse new antibiotic resistance genesmanure from dairy cows which is used commonly as a farm soil fertilizer contains a surprising number of newly identified antibiotic resistance genes from the cows'gut bacteria.
The findings reported in mbioâ the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology hints that cow manure is a potential source of new types of antibiotic resistance genes that transfer to bacteria in the soils
where food is grown. Thousands of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes have already been identified but the vast majority of them don't pose a problem
when found in harmless bacteria. The real worry is when these genes appear in the types of pathogenic bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses
The genes made a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria resistant to one of four types of antibiotics--beta-lactams (like penicillin) aminoglycosides (like kanamycin) tetracycline or chloramphenicol.
The team also found an entire new family of AR genes that confer resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics which are used commonly to treat respiratory infections in livestock.
so if they acquire antibiotic resistance they could pose a problem. Alternatively benign bacteria in manure might transfer resistance genes to pathogens at any point along the path--in manure soil food or humans.
Pharma Foods: Eight in 10 consumers believe that functional foods can help prevent or delay the onset of heart disease hypertension osteoporosis
and are interested in taking a public health approach said Beau Kilmer co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research center
while still making it available to responsible adults said Rosalie Liccardo Pacula co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research center
and vegetables and chronic disease prevention and pointed to research centers in the U s. that are making links between farmers biologists and chemists grocers health care practitioners and consumers.
The infection not only harms animals and farmers'profits but also drives more systemic antibiotic use on dairy farms than any other disease.
and help curb the growing epidemic of antibiotic resistance. The research was published in the journal PLOS One.
It is the number one cause of systemic antibiotic use which floods the whole body with antibiotics rather than just a specific region said Rodrigo Bicalho assistant professor of dairy production medicine at the College of Veterinary medicine.
Three of the vaccines Bicalho's lab created lowered metritis incidence and lessened its symptoms in the cows that received them showing promise for alternatives to antibiotics in addressing the disease.
Our lab has been developing a vaccine for years now based on our research of this disease said Bicalho.
An effective vaccine against uterine diseases will have a significant positive impact on the dairy industry limiting the use of antibiotics and decreasing economic losses due to these disorders.
The Deg-On circuit couples proteasomal degradation of an engineered tetracycline repressor to an easily detectable fluorescent signal.
The tetracycline repressor is engineered to function as a UPS substrate; it essentially mimics a misfolded protein.
The engineered repressor can still be regulated by the antibiotic tetracycline which allows calibrating the system for the detection of even minimal activation of UPS degradation.
so that adding tetracycline further boosts the signal. The Rice team did extensive computer modeling of Deg-On to improve its sensitivity
which is a self-activation loop for the tetracycline repressor in our second circuit (an enhanced Deg-On) Zhao said.
#Kitchens are source of multi-drug resistant bacteriaafter handling raw poultry hands of food preparers
and cutting boards remain a source of transmission for multi-drug resistant bacteria such as E coli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLS).
The spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria has been associated with the hospital setting but these findings suggest that transmission of drug-resistant E coli occurs both in the hospital
and households said Andreas Widmer MD lead author of the study. Our findings emphasize the importance of hand hygiene
They also found that 50 percent of the hospital kitchen gloves were contaminated with this drug-resistant E coli.
Take your allergy medication and see your allergist before you experience health problems. Dr. Leija also advises:
The other group was given a placebo for 6 weeks. Then they switched for the second six weeks.
Participants also had to refrain from taking any medication for blood pressure or making any significant changes in their lifestyle particularly related to diet and exercise during the study.
E-cigarettes were invented by a pharmacist in China and many of the first generation products continue to be produced there.
and antidiabetic bioactivities of the flavanols in cocoa particularly at the low doses employed for the present study the researchers state.
#Allergy tablet approval warrants caution for somea pill a day keeps spring allergies away. In a perfect world it would be that easy.
And for those suffering from an allergy to some grasses the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of the oral dissolvable tablets designed to help treat symptoms may be beneficial.
While the Food and Drug Administration and the Federal trade commission play important regulatory roles in food labeling
Now a $60 billion market for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors growth of the market has been hampered by high development costs of producing these in animal cell systems
Dr. Weston Porter Texas A&m University department of veterinary physiology and pharmacology; and then-graduate student Giuliana Noratto who is now on the faculty at Washington state University.
While nearly everyone diagnosed at this stage can be cured professor Om Perumal head of the South dakota State university Pharmaceutical Sciences Department points out that the side effects from the drugs used to combat this disease are pretty significant.
He and doctoral student Kaushalkumar Dave are developing a new method to deliver cancer-fighting drugs directly to the milk ducts where more than 95 percent of breast cancer originates.
and to deliver large doses of medication directly to the affected tissues. The research has been supported by the Translational Cancer Research center a state-funded center
Delivering drugs through milk ductsanti-cancer drugs such as tamoxifen are administered normally through an oral tablet so the medication must travel through the bloodstream before reaching the breast tissue explains Perumal.
These significant side effects may be mitigated through a more direct localized drug delivery method according to Perumal. The researcher proposes applying a medication-containing gel or lotion to the nipple.
The drug will then be absorbed through openings in the nipples directly into the milk ducts.
When the project began Perumal thought that breast anatomy was understood well but it's not he explains.
The number of openings gives the scientists an indication of how much drug can be delivered. Next the researchers looked at
Surprisingly they found that even large molecules such as proteins can be transported through these openings making a wide range of medications deliverable.
Documenting similar trendscomparing the absorption rate of the nipple with the surrounding breast skin twice the amount of drug can be delivered through the nipple Perumal explains.
Plus the medication does not enter the bloodstream. Though different drug quantities are absorbed pig and human breast tissue show similar trends Perumal explains.
As a result the researchers can now use pig tissue to optimize and test various drug formulations.
Dave has begun already some animal studies. A variety of compounds show promise in fighting the many types of breast cancer.
and at the Dairy Unit on the Gainesville campus. Jeong and his research team infused chitosan microparticles â an antimicrobial material derived from dissolved shrimp shells â into diseased cow uteri.
Developing a new antimicrobial agent is critical to human and animal health said Jeong a member of UF's Institute of food and agricultural sciences.
Dangerous infections are diminishing the role of some antibiotics making them less able to treat infections as pathogens are developing resistance to the drugs he said adding that about 23000 people die in the U s. annually because of exposure to pathogens that don't respond to antibiotics.
Further some antibiotics used to treat humans and animals kill good and bad bacteria. Scientists can use the UF study's findings to begin to develop better drugs that target bad pathogens
It is absolutely essential that appropriate disinfectants are used properly lots of salt and that possible food for the bacteria be limited.
Folic acid can also be taken as a pill. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Queensland University of Technology.
and ferment it into anti-inflammatory compounds that are good for the heart. Their findings were unveiled at the 247th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
and ferment it producing compounds that are anti-inflammatory. The other bacteria in the gut are associated with inflammation
which are absorbed more easily These smaller polymers exhibit anti-inflammatory activity he said. Finley also noted that combining the fiber in cocoa with prebiotics is likely to improve a person's overall health
and help convert polyphenolics in the stomach into anti-inflammatory compounds. When you ingest prebiotics the beneficial gut microbial population increases and outcompetes any undesirable microbes in the gut like those that cause stomach problems he added.
if medications and other perishable products were still active or fresh they said. This report on the color-changing food deterioration tags was presented today as part of the 247th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
#Honey offers new approach to fighting antibiotic resistancehoney that delectable condiment for breads and fruits could be one sweet solution to the serious ever-growing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics
which weakens bacterial virulence rendering the bacteria more susceptible to conventional antibiotics Meschwitz said. Quorum sensing is the way bacteria communicate with one another
Meschwitz who is with Salve Regina University in Newport R i. said another advantage of honey is that unlike conventional antibiotics it doesn't target the essential growth processes of bacteria.
which is the basis of conventional antibiotics is that it results in the bacteria building up resistance to the drugs.
Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between the non-peroxide antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of honey and the presence of honey phenolics she added.
A large number of laboratory and limited clinical studies have confirmed the broad-spectrum antibacterial antifungal and antiviral properties of honey according to Meschwitz.
and is an effective antibacterial. We have run standard antioxidant tests on honey to measure the level of antioxidant activity she explained.
In our antibacterial studies we have been testing honey's activity against E coli Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among others.*
Ultimately understanding these machines will help researchers design drugs to treat diseases like cancer the focus of Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics.
that it may become a gateway drug to others more dangerous; and on a moral sentiment:
and Drug Administration for use in cattle increase muscle growth and may reduce the amount of fat the cattle accumulates he said.
We believe an inclusive dialogue is needed to explore the use of animal drugs solely to improve performance yet have no offsetting health benefits for the animals to
This is particularly needed for those drugs that appear to adversely impact animal welfare such as beta agonists.
which was discovered as part of this work including quantitation of all 21 enzymes carried out by chemist David Muddiman.
and initiate personalized drug treatment for a boy with a lifelong history of uncontrollable seizures that caused significant impact on his cognitive and social development.
We then performed lab studies with several drugs that were approved already by the Food and Drug Administration and which we thought might block the seizure activity.
Memantine a drug developed to treat Alzheimer's disease was shown to have some effect. This medication was previously found to have anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy
and has been used safely in children with autism said Hongjie Yuan MD Phd scientist in the Department of Pharmacology at the Emory University School of medicine.
Based on the lab studies memantine gradually was added to the patient's regimen which included three anti-seizure drugs that had provided little or no control.
With memantine the number of seizures dropped dramatically and two of the drugs were discontinued. We believe this GRIN2A mutation initiated changes in the child's brain that led to intractable seizures which contributed to his poor development
and cognitive deficits Pierson said. It is conceivable that earlier intervention of this personalized medicine approach could have altered the course of the disorder and possibly the child's neurological development.
or other anti-seizure medications to reduce long-term effects. Pierson has continued his work with rare undiagnosed neurogenetic diseases at Cedars-Sinai with the Pediatric Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Clinic and his laboratory in the Regenerative Medicine Institute.
Over-the-counter medications often make people experiencing allergies feel better but if they experience difficulty breathing
Antihistamine drugs work by blocking the histamine from affecting these cells. Additionally a physician can prescribe stronger medications if needed.
By taking medicine early you can prevent the symptoms before they begin Dr. Rosenstreich said.
In addition to medications lifestyle changes also can help relieve symptoms. Several to consider include: â#¢Limiting outdoor activities during days with high pollen counts. â#¢Keeping windows closed (at home
An additional problem results from the fact that not only infections but also the antibiotics that are used as a remedy may increase the risk for IBS as they too can alter the gut microbiota in a negative way.
and their doctors to consider changes to their hypertensive and lipid-lowering medication dosages. Of the 90 people who completed six-month follow-up the 44 who had been assigned randomly to receive dietitian e-care had higher rates of patient satisfaction
when people checked their blood pressure at home and received Web-based care from pharmacists they were nearly twice as likely to get their blood pressure under control (under 140/90 Mm hg)--and cost-effectively without office visits.
and combine hypertension drugs. Although the pharmacists helped patients set lifestyle goals weight loss was not statistically significant.
That's why Dr. Green launched the e-Care study. Next steps since this study proved the intervention is feasible?
We'll pair each patient with either a pharmacist or a dietitian depending on their individual needs.
and inhibits the scarring that thwarts anticancer drugs. Dr. Jingjing Gong currently pursuing post-doctoral studies at Yale university conducted the study as a graduate student in Dr Kumar's laboratory in the Department of Pharmacology.
Fibrosis is a process of uncontrolled scarring around the tumor gland said Dr. Kumar a professor of urology in the School of medicine at the Health Science Center and the study's principal investigator.
Once you have fibrotic tissue the drugs cannot get into the cancer. Liver and kidney tumors also develop fibrosis
and the resulting resistance to drugs he said and there are no drugs currently targeting that pathway in those cancers.
The two pathways or proteins that contribute to fibrosis in those tumors also encourage Cox-2 an enzyme that causes inflammation
#Asthma drug aids simultaneous desensitization to several food allergies, study findsan asthma drug accelerates the process of desensitizing patients with food allergies to several foods at the same time a new study
Patients who took the asthma drug omalizumab became desensitized to multiple food allergens at a median of 18 weeks;
those who did not take the drug became desensitized at a median of 85 weeks the researchers found.
This drug reduces activity of the body's Ige molecules the antibodies involved in allergic responses
The drug was discontinued after eight weeks of oral immunotherapy; this discontinuation was associated not with additional allergic reactions.
#Beneficial anti-inflammatory effects observed when plant extracts fed to sick pigsporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most expensive and invasive disease for pig producers on a global scale.
Consumer concerns about bacterial resistance to antibiotics have prompted the swine industry to seek additional methods to protect the health of pigs including special feed additives.
For instance they can act as antioxidants or as antimicrobials. We wanted to test whether we could get a benefit from feeding those products in very low doses to pigs that were challenged with these specific diseases.
and using antibiotics in hives to keep the bees disease-free. To help regulate honey safety We have strict import laws that apply to honey coming from certain countries he says.
Chemists from TROPOS investigate reactions of OH and other radicals since many years. The hydroxyl radical consisting of one hydrogen
influence climatepine forests are especially magical places for atmospheric chemists. Coniferous trees give off pine-scented vapors that form particles very quickly and seemingly out of nowhere.
and keep the corn cubs for food we have come a long way says Per Morgen professor at the Institute of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark.
But it's also been exploited to clean contaminated water and as a source to produce pharmaceuticals.
Lead author Dr Amy Cheah says there is a growing body of evidence about the antioxidant health benefits of grape seed tannins or polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents and more recently for their anticancer properties.
Grape seed is showing great potential as an anti-inflammatory treatment for a range of bowel diseases and now as a possible anticancer treatment.
because although typhus can be treated with modern antibiotics it remains a threat in remote impoverished areas of South america Asia
It is recognized for its high mortality rate throughout human history particularly before modern sanitary practices and the availability of antimicrobial drugs.
and behavior activities have been evaluated in the laboratory bioassays according to Aijun Zhang research chemist U s. Department of agriculture Agricultural research service Beltsville Agricultural Research center Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory.
The 11 food values they chose to examine included freshness health hormone-free/antibiotic-free animal welfare taste price safety convenience nutrition origin and environmental impact.
Archaeologists and chemists trace ancient British dietsthe change by our ancestors from hunter-gathers to farmers is one of the most intensively researched aspects of archaeology.
However it also produces a range of compounds of great interest in pharmaceutical cosmetic nutraceutical
***Algae research into new medicines wins awarddrug discovery company IOTA Pharmaceuticals has chosen the University of Greenwich as its academic partner to research the potential of the microalga Dunaliella as a route to new medicines.
Over half of all human medicines originate from natural products says Dr David Bailey CEO of IOTA Pharmaceuticals.
--and simplicity of use--expected of man-made drugs used in clinical studies. Supported by grants from Ohio State's Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS)
and anti-inflammatory properties that appear to inhibit tumor growth. But the berries are grown only in a few places around the US (Ohio being one of them)
and stability you would find in a pharmaceutical medicine but that was 100%fruit simple to take
and on the other occasion the orange juice contained a placebo. The tests showed that the candidates performed better on the stopping task
This makes them preferable to Ritalin and Modafinil products that students often reach for to improve their academic performance.
These are not pills that go in and take away or change damaged tissues but it's a way to protect people by reducing the risk they currently have to different diseases.
#Clinical pharmacologist researching chronic lead intoxication in goatsthe Nile is a river in Egypt. Sometimes that river is polluted with industrial waste such as lead
Kansas State university's Ronette Gehring is an associate professor of clinical pharmacology in the of anatomy and physiology department of the university's College of Veterinary medicine.
In December 2013 the researchers published Effect of chronic lead intoxication on the distribution and elimination of amoxicillin in goats in the Journal of Veterinary Science.
The group found that lead intoxication can impair the therapeutic effectiveness of the antibiotic amoxicillin in goats.
Amoxicillin is used to treat various types of infections in animals Gehring said. The goats with lead intoxication show signs of kidney and liver damage so we had hypothesized this damage would inhibit the excretion of amoxicillin leading to higher drug concentrations in these animals.
The test involved intravenous and intramuscular administration of amoxicillin. Blood and urine samples were collected over a period of 10 weeks to measure serum protein and amoxicillin concentrations.
The protein concentrations helped indicate levels of kidney damage while the amoxicillin levels helped to demonstrate how much of the antibiotic was absorbed for therapeutic purpose.
Surprisingly the lead-intoxicated goats actually had lower concentrations of amoxicillin compared to the healthy animals.
We found that amoxicillin was disposed more quickly in the lead-intoxicated goats than in the control group Gehring said.
We believe that goats with chronic lead intoxication would therefore need more frequent administrations of amoxicillin administration for the antibiotic therapy to be as effective as it is in the control group of healthy goats.
Gehring said a literature investigation had found similar research for lead poisoning in humans but not in animal subjects.
As one of the first studies of its kind she said that the effects of lead intoxication on drug disposition still warrant further investigation.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Kansas State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Such bacterial aggregates are of clinical importance as they provide reservoirs for pathogenic organisms to persist in the host and often display increased resistance to antibiotics.
Bacteria forming biofilms frequently display antibiotic resistance and can be tenacious foes to combat medically.
--and perhaps even stronger than many of the medications and procedures that have been the focus of modern cardiology explains co-author Stephen Devries MD FACC Gaples Institute for Integrative Cardiology (Deerfield IL) and Division of Cardiology
#Clearer labels needed on drugs containing animal productsdr Kinesh Patel and Dr Kate Tatham say most medications prescribed in primary care contain animal derived products
and it is unclear whether they are suitable for vegetarians. They call for improved labeling similar to those on food to help inform doctors pharmacists and patients about the content of medicines.
And they stress that concerned patients should not stop taking their medication without consulting their doctor first.
Specific dietary preferences regarding animal products in food are common in the general population. Influences such as religion culture economic status environmental concern food intolerances and personal preferences all play a part in the foods that people choose to consume.
Yet many patients and doctors are unaware that commonly prescribed drugs contain animal products --and simply reading the list of ingredients will not make it clear
Even though the absolute levels of animal products in many medications are likely to be minimal the authors say doctors need to consider this
To ascertain the scale of the problem they identified the 100 most commonly prescribed drugs in UK primary care in January 2013.
Our data suggest that it is likely that patients are unwittingly ingesting medications containing animal products with neither prescriber nor dispenser aware they write.
They call for improved drug labeling mirroring those standards advised for food. However they acknowledge it is unlikely that any labeling standard could address all dietary requirements
and the ultimate solution would be to eliminate animal derived products where possible from medications.
Rice researchers led by chemist Stephan Link and graduate student Anneli Hoggard are endeavoring to understand the physics;
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