because small growers and seasonal workers in places hard-hit by coffee rust are expected to turn to other sources of income namely cocaine and other illegal narcotics.
That doesn't mean caffeine addicts and coffee lovers should start hoarding coffee beans. Producers will likely be able to keep up with the growing demand
#Marijuana vs. Alcohol: Which Is Really Worse for Your Health? The question of whether alcohol or marijuana is worse for health is being debated once again this time sparked by comments that President Barack Obama made in a recent interview with The New yorker magazine.
As has been documented well I smoked pot as a kid and I view it as a bad habit
while for a number of reasons those associated with marijuana use are harder to come by.
And research into marijuana's health effects is still in its infancy compared with the rigorous studies looking at alcohol and human health.
That isn't going to happen with marijuana said Ruben Baler a health scientist at the National Institute on Drug abuse.
The impact of marijuana use is much subtler. Of course subtle effects don't equate with no danger as is the case with smoking cigarettes
which is linked with 440000 deaths per year in the U s.)Marijuana affects the cardiovascular system increasing heart rate
Alcohol is more likely than marijuana to interact with other drugs. The way that alcohol is metabolized
or broken down in the body is common to many drugs that are taken for a variety of conditions said Gary Murray acting director of the Division of Metabolism and Health Effects at the National Institute on Alcohol abuse and Alcoholism.
Because marijuana can impair coordination and balance there is the risk of hurting oneself particularly if someone drives
These are two areas where people using marijuana could hurt themselves for the short and long term.
Drinking can lead to alcoholic liver disease which can progress to fibrosis of the liver which in turn can potentially lead to liver cancer Murray said.
Unlike alcohol Baler said the effects of chronic marijuana use are established not as well. Animal studies have indicated some possible impact on reproduction.
Additionally there is evidence marijuana can worsen psychiatric issues for people who are predisposed to them or bring them on at a younger age.
But while early studies showed some evidence linking marijuana to lung cancer subsequent studies have debunked that association.
Baler said it's unclear why marijuana smoke does not have the same result as tobacco smoke on the lungs
but perhaps some beneficial compounds in the marijuana smoke cancel out the ill effects or perhaps the other health habits of marijuana smokers are different from those of cigarette smokers.
But cigarette smoking plays a complicated role in studying the impact of marijuana smoke Baler said.
Marijuana smokers tend to smoke much less than cigarette smokers as some may smoke one joint a few times a week.
It's a very tough epidemiological nut to break Baler said. Additionally researchers looking to study long-term marijuana use have had difficulty in finding people who regularly smoke marijuana
but don t also smoke tobacco cigarettes. And the illegality of marijuana has limited also research in this field.
For marijuana much of the concern is with young people who use the drug because the drug interferes with the development of the brain
while it is still maturing Baler said. 10 Facts Every Parent Should Know About Their Teen's Brain Smoking marijuana interferes with connections being made in the brain at a time
when the brain should be at a clear state of mind and accumulating memory and data and good experiences that should be laying out the foundation for the future Baler said.
while others may use marijuana only on weekends the health effects become difficult to generalize.
As for marijuana whose legalization for medical uses has been a matter of strong public policy debate for years there is ample evidence that beneficial compounds can be found in the plant.
Researchers are working around the clock to try to identify the ingredients in marijuana that have potential to benefit human health Baler said.
#and claiming smoking marijuana can be good for your health and have medical uses Baler said.
The year 2014 has brought with it the first legal sales of marijuana to people who aren't using the drug for medical reasons in the United states since the 1930s as voters in Colorado and Washington state brought about this policy change.
and teen use in the wake of the new laws will lead to a better understanding of marijuana's public health effects.
smoker health effects nonsmoker health effects cigarette addictiveness the design of cigarettes to increase addiction and the relative safety of light cigarettes.
and sustain addiction.**Cigarette companies control the impact and delivery of nicotine in many ways including designing filters
when discussing products that people often are addicted to. The lost pleasure factor he argues makes sense
But an addicted consumer is not rational. Neither is a minor who may be tempted to experiment with a lot of addictive products.
Because I'm addicted to sugar and sugar has demonstrated harmful health impacts labels letting me know how much extra sugar has been added to a food product would in some way make me unhappy as well as healthier.
me of the pleasure of literally feeding my addiction. When a Reuters reporter tried to get these economists on record to explain their reasoning they demurred
and now are addicted. Extensive and careful scientific analysis has documented the health risks from tobacco alcohol
and junk food particularly to those who are addicted to those products. This makes no sense in terms of science Glantz said.
whether alcohol or marijuana is worse for health is being debated once again this time sparked by comments that President Barack Obama made in a recent interview with The New yorker magazine.</
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/42738-marijuana-vs-alcohol-health-effects. html target=blank>Marijuana vs.
and the chemical feel-good factor comes from the world s most widely consumed psychoactive drug.
For a start there is the world s most widely consumed psychoactive drug: 1 3 7-trimethylxanthine by name.
These receptors were originally found to be sensitive to the most important psychoactive molecule in cannabis Î-THC.
It is a naturally occurring substance with a structure that is closely related to synthetic amphetamines which of course are also stimulants.
The History of 8 Hallucinogens Despite numerous indications archaeologists have overlooked largely the use of mind-altering substances in Eurasian prehistory.
macrofossil remains of psychoactive plants residues from fermented alcoholic drinks psychoactive alkaloids (chemical compounds) on artifacts and skeletal remains and artistic depictions of psychoactive plants and drinking scenes.
In particular at an archaeological site near Bucharest Romania scientists found charred Cannabis seeds from plants in some tombs.
The main psychoactive compound of marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is most abundant in the female plants (Cannabis plants are typically
either male or female with male plants producing pollen that pollinates the seed-producing flowers of the female plant).
7 Potent Medicinal Plants Alcoholic residues suggest many prehistoric Eurasians drank fruit wines mead beer (from barley
The discovery of alcoholic fermentation appears to date back to about 7000 B c. in China. By 5000 B c. people in the Zagros Mountains of northwestern Iran drank wine instilled with pine resin (for its preservative or medicinal properties.
Many tombs have provided traces of alcoholic drinks and drugs Guerra-Doce said. I think these substances were used to aid in communication with the spirit world.
Certain features of the capsules suggest how opium may have been extracted and the figurine displays a serene facial expression which some experts interpret as depicting a trancelike state gained from inhaling opium fumes.
Only for the elite? Guerra-Doce's analysis further suggests that psychoactive substances may have been reserved for the elite.
For example at a Bronze age cemetery in southeastern Spain archaeologists have found psychoactive alkaloids of opiates in tombs of the upper class.
I think that prior to a large-scale production alcoholic drinks were reserved for special events and they played a similar role as drug plants Guerra-Doce said.
Heavy drinking and alcoholism can result in chronically low magnesium levels and gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease can also deplete magnesium levels.
Environmental impact of cocaine strategy assessed: Nature Newsa controversial herbicide-spraying programme to tackle cocaine production in Colombia has few adverse environmental impacts.
That's the conclusion of a suite of studies that marks the latest chapter in a bitter environmental debate over its benefits
Spraying the herbicide glyphosate on coca plants is a key tool in the war on cocaine.
as long as it chooses to continue the herbicide-spraying strategy to tackle its cocaine problem.
The dog cloner: Nature Newsfor someone who had emerged just from a 40-month trial, Byeong-Chun Lee seemed remarkably energetic.
noting that epigenetic effects on human behaviour might express themselves in addiction, learning and memory.
and many saw Brazil as a model for how the world could shed its addiction to oil,
or they could set millions of nonsmokers on the path to nicotine addiction, revolutionizing the tobacco industry into the bargain.
and e-cigarettes, indicating that the products are being used to sustain nicotine addiction. The use of vapour flavourings
) Cannabis commerce The world s first legal market for recreational marijuana opened in Colorado on 1 Â January.
Colorado is one of only two US states to have approved nonmedicinal use of marijuana by adults (see go. nature. com/rtr3ou.
Last month, Uruguay became the first country to approve a national market for legal marijuana,
Only 6 Percent Of Marijuana Research Considers Medical Benefits By Shaunacy Ferro Posted on 8. 12.2013 46 Comments 8. 12.2013 at 04:
48pm-Comment by drchuck1 If people smoked weed instead of drinking; many many lives would be saved.
seaniumly Since many users and what appears to be Popsci ok with the use of marijuana with possible (hype) reasons of it being healthy just get you animal bug really high off marijuana (mellow) prior to killing it
and both enjoy the benefits of eating meat bug and the health aspects (hype) of the marijuana in the animal.
I became instantly addicted and would cry for hours and even days until I got more.
Actually Auto Addicted suburban sprawl and huge spaces paved for cars is also the biggest contributor to forest and green space destruction.
and suburban sprawl chopping down Orange groves forests farms etc is only possible with Auto Addicted transit.<
But tragically China and India's increases in Auto Addiction are one of the major factors leading to their huge increases in usage of dwindling Peak Oil.
and salt for our human taste addiction followed by hydrogenated saturated fat to lower cost to the restaurant in cooking.
That's where cocaine or antidepressants would show up. The subcategories are limited in their detail many drugs are lumped together like MDMA and caffeine
And while cocaine heroin and alcohol are all responsible for enough deaths to warrant their own stripes on the chart many popular illegal drugs including marijuana
and LSD are such a tiny blip as to be invisible. A few caveats about the statistics:
when its got Marijuana lumped in with all of the truly dangerous drugs. MARIJUANA has caused NEVER a single case of overdose in all of human history.
This information you are posting is incorrect. Maybe you should list Tobacco at the top...
We cannot continue to lie to drug users and expect them to take us seriously. They know better than anyone that all drugs are not bad and all pharmaceuticals are not safe either.
Good to see the folks over at Popsci are focusing on Cannabis and the many benefits of this wonder plant.
People are dying young from cirrhosis of the liver traditionally caused from alcoholism; yet they have consumed never alcohol.
Upon autopsytheir fatty liver disease resembled that of an alcoholic. However the culprit was excess sugar
Alcohol and opioids like heroin have got to be the drugs causing the most death..The graph is anything but clear.
Sugar is One Atom Away from Cocaine http://tugunchiro. com. au/articles/sugar-is-one-atom-away-from-cocaine. htmlnot only is sugar (C12h22o11) not one atom away from cocaine (C17h21no4)
overdoses from cannabis and all of the psychedelics COMBINED (LSD mescaline etc) are practically zero and need to be lumped in with'overdose by assault'(basically murder by poisoning)
Best Answer-Chosen by Voters Nope it is not possible to overdose on marijuana. Theoretically one could overdose on it
/AR2006052501729 PF. htmlthere have been recorded no deaths due to marijuana use alone either. Obviously smoking it will produce some negative effects
This is insulting that Marijuana is lumped in there at all. It has been proven in at least a half a dozen studies (look them up for yourself) that it's impossible to overdose on marijuana we would have to smoke a few thousand joints in 5 mins and
I don't see it getting passed 50 and that is smoking as fast as possible. So the face that it's lumped in with LSD Opium
and mushrooms should be considered an insult to the readers intelligence.@@Auroria: You forgot one important point;
Cannabis being lumped into the same category as LSD and overdose by assault. What is represented not effectively conspicuously seemingly by design are drugs that cause zero deaths.
If all these other deaths were shown the death count for alcohol would be much much greater. 2. Overdose deaths from cannabis LSD magic mushrooms
and mescaline are virtually unknown. It would be more accurate to say that Other includes PCP
Cirrhosis is the end stage of liver damage caused by diseases like alcoholism and hepatitis where liver tissue has been replaced largely by scar tissue.
Humans metabolize the ethanol in alcoholic drinks thanks to enzymes called alcohol dehydrogenase 4 or ADH4.
or hallucinogen use may seem like the shortcut and believe me it does unlock artistic abilities
. I discontinued all the opiates over a year ago now but still live with chronic pain.
Mmmm I can see a future alcoholic changing the polarity of this device and sneaking a drink without anyone knowing.
that for most smoking is a habit not an addiction. The difference between a habit and addiction is that addicts compulsively seek out a behavior even
when they know it harms them. It's now well recognized that nicotine is addictive
Cigarette addicts with few iron-willed exceptions aren't about to give up the weed it declared.
#¢Data also are needed to determine whether secondhand exposure to e-cigarette vapors results in reinforcement of nicotine addiction.#¢
Typical diseases in this respect are foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) African horse sickness (AHS) lumpy skin disease (LSD) and camel pox.
Melesse's doctoral research has provided us with valuable information about virus types disease distribution in relation to season and geographical region and the economic significance and risk factors for FMD LSD AHS and camel
and even a few cigarettes here and there can maintain addiction said David Wetter Ph d. chair of health disparities research at MD Anderson.
The result of this disconnect according to Dr. Williams has left smokers with disparities to become the dominant group of smokers in the United states. This includes smokers with mental illness as well as other addictions and the very poor.
and Tobacco Free Teens a smartphone app--both are new approaches to keeping young people free from the grips of nicotine addiction.
because adolescence is a very vulnerable time for developing psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and addiction.
#Young cannabis-smokers aware of the health risks91 percent of on average 20-year-old Swiss men drink alcohol almost half of whom drink six beverages or more in a row and are thus at-risk consumers
whom are at-risk consumers--they smoke at least once a day. 36 percent of young adults smoke cannabis
whether these young Swiss men read up on addictive substances such as alcohol tobacco cannabis or other drugs and are aware
along with 38 percent of at-risk consumers of cannabis. Moreover at-risk consumers of alcohol or tobacco seek information two and a half times more frequently than abstainers.
Cannabis-consumers research addictive substances four times more frequently and the at-risk consumers among them even five times more frequently than those who don't smoke cannabis.
or cannabis consumption as very good thereby reporting their knowledge as better than abstainers in this respect.
Consequently media campaigns for the prevention of substance abuse should be viewed with a critical eye. It is important to examine
#Illegal marijuana grows threaten fishers in the southern Sierra Nevadarat poison used on illegal marijuana grows is killing fishers in the southern Sierra nevada according to a recent study conducted by a team of scientists from the U s. Forest Service's Pacific
The authors speculated that the most likely source of the poisons was the illegal marijuana grows found throughout the Sierra nevada.
This new study solidifies that link documenting that female fishers who live in areas with a higher number of marijuana sites had more exposure to rodenticides
The researchers deduced that illegal marijuana grows are a likely source of the poison because the fishers in this study were radio-tracked and many were observed not venturing into rural urban
Illegal marijuana cultivation on public lands is widespread and some growers apply large quantities of numerous pesticides to deter a wide range of animals and insects from encroaching on their crops.
and variety of poisons found at the illegal marijuana plots is a new threat. According to co-author PSW wildlife biologist Dr. Kathryn Purcell exposure of wildlife to pesticides has been documented widely
In marijuana cultivation sites regulations regarding proper use of pesticides are ignored completely and multiple compounds are used to target any
In the vicinity of illegal marijuana sites numerous dead or dying insects and small mammals are often found.
#Illegal marijuana grows threaten fishers in the southern Sierra Nevadarat poison used on illegal marijuana grows is killing fishers in the southern Sierra nevada according to a recent study conducted by a team of scientists from the U s. Forest Service's Pacific
The authors speculated that the most likely source of the poisons was the illegal marijuana grows found throughout the Sierra nevada.
This new study solidifies that link documenting that female fishers who live in areas with a higher number of marijuana sites had more exposure to rodenticides
The researchers deduced that illegal marijuana grows are a likely source of the poison because the fishers in this study were radio-tracked and many were observed not venturing into rural urban
Illegal marijuana cultivation on public lands is widespread and some growers apply large quantities of numerous pesticides to deter a wide range of animals and insects from encroaching on their crops.
and variety of poisons found at the illegal marijuana plots is a new threat. According to co-author PSW wildlife biologist Dr. Kathryn Purcell exposure of wildlife to pesticides has been documented widely
In marijuana cultivation sites regulations regarding proper use of pesticides are ignored completely and multiple compounds are used to target any
In the vicinity of illegal marijuana sites numerous dead or dying insects and small mammals are often found.
Funding for this research comes from the National Institute on Drug abuse and the National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health (NIH.
In addition the earlier you start smoking the more addicted you may become and therefore the more difficult it will be to stop smoking later.
New research to be presented Sunday May 5 at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in WASHINGTON DC supports the theory that cigarettes are a gateway drug to marijuana.
and marijuana were more likely to smoke more tobacco than those who smoked only tobacco said study author Megan Moreno MD MSED MPH FAAP an investigator at Seattle Children's Research Institute and associate professor
if they had used tobacco or marijuana ever in their lives and in the past 28 days. Researchers also assessed the quantity
and frequency of marijuana and tobacco use in the past 28 days. Results showed that prior to entering college 33 percent of the 315 participants reported lifetime tobacco use
In addition tobacco users were more likely to have used marijuana than those who did not use tobacco.
Of these 53 percent reported concurrent marijuana use. Overall users of both substances averaged significantly more tobacco episodes per month than current users of tobacco only (42 vs. 24.
because in the past year we have seen legislation passed that legalizes marijuana in two states Dr. Moreno said.
While the impact of these laws on marijuana use is a critical issue our findings suggest that we should also consider
whether increased marijuana use will impact tobacco use among older adolescents. Future work should involve designing educational campaigns highlighting the increased risks of using these substances together Dr. Moreno concluded.
Among those not yet addicted the most common pattern of hookah use in the United states--about once per week--is not likely to cause addiction Benowitz said.
A research report published online today in the journal Addiction reveals that while the real weighted average price of premium mid-price and economy brands has increased gradually between 2001 and 2009 the real price of ULP cigarettes has changed barely
and addiction centers in the brain recorded the most activity. But the food intake sleep activity and motion areas also were stimulated significantly differently by eating the potato chips.
He will tell the meeting at the Barbican in London that his research has shown that psilocybin the psychedelic ingredient in magic mushrooms has the potential to alleviate severe forms of depression in people who have failed to respond fully to other antidepressant treatments.
However psilocybin is illegal in the UK; the United nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances classifies it as a Schedule 1 drug one that has a high potential for abuse with no recognised medical use
and the manufacture of a synthetic form of psilocybin for use in patients is controlled tightly by EU regulations.
The law for the control of drugs like psilocybin as a Schedule 1 Class A drug makes it almost impossible to use them for research
We are the first people ever to have done a psilocybin study in the UK but we are still hunting for a company that can manufacture the drug to GMP standards for the clinical trial
when healthy volunteers are injected with psilocybin the drug switched off a front part of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex
Psilocybin also acts on these receptors. We have found that people with depression have overactive default mode networks
and what psilocybin is doing is going in and rapidly replacing the missing serotonin switching them back into a mind state where they are less ruminating
Thirty patients will be given a synthetic form of psilocybin and 30 patients will be given a placebo. The drug (or placebo) will be given during two possibly three carefully controlled
Can we use psychedelic drugs to treat depressions? Symposium: Treating depression with antidepressants: where are we now
#Research provides clues to alcohol addiction vulnerabilitya Wake Forest Baptist Medical center team studying alcohol addiction has new research that might shed light on why some drinkers are more susceptible to addiction than others.
Jeff Weiner Ph d. professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Baptist and colleagues used an animal model to look at the early stages of the addiction process
Their findings may lead not only to a better understanding of addiction but to the development of better drugs to treat the disease as well Weiner said.
We know that some people are much more vulnerable to alcoholism than others just like some people have a vulnerability to cancer
and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project at Wake Forest Baptist said the study protocol was developed by the first author of the paper Karina Abrahao a graduate student visiting from the collaborative lab of Sougza-Formigoni Ph d of the Department
Prior studies with other drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine have suggested that animals that show the greatest increases in locomotor sensitization are also the animals most likely to seek out
and discovered that mice that showed robust locomotor sensitization had deficits in a form of brain neuroplasticity--how experiences reorganize neural pathways in the brain--that has been linked with cocaine addiction in other animal models.
What this suggests for the first time in the alcohol addiction field is that this particular deficit may represent an important brain correlate of vulnerability to alcoholism.
The Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project is funded an NIH collaborative grant which supports rodent nonhuman primate
and human studies investigating neurobiological mechanisms associated with vulnerability and resilience to alcohol addiction. Co-authors include:
and to smoke more heavily than others according to a new report by the Substance abuse and Mental health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
The report defines a substance use disorder as dependence on or abuse of alcohol or illicit drugs.
or substance abuse issues smoke more and are less likely to quit. We need to continue to strengthen efforts to figure out what works to reduce
and substance abuse treatment facilities and organizations to undertake tobacco cessation efforts. This program has been expanded in conjunction with state Leadership Academies for Wellness and Smoking Cessation
and stakeholders (including leaders in tobacco control mental health substance abuse public health and consumers) to develop a collaborative action plan.
Its mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America's communities.
The above story is provided based on materials by Substance abuse and Mental health Administration (SAMHSA. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
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