Perhaps more importantly the researchers say that additional studies may help them better understand the origins of nicotine addiction and the human management geographic range extension and cultivation of tobacco.
The reason why that is so striking and important to us is had these patients no intention of quitting says addiction expert Jon Ebbert M d. a tobacco researcher at the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center.
UCSF has been at the forefront of tobacco research for decades disclosing how the tobacco industry manipulated its products and led the public into cigarette addiction.
#Smoking marijuana associated with higher stroke risk in young adultsmarijuana the most widely used illicit drug may double stroke risk in young adults according to research presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke
In a New zealand study ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients were 2. 3 times more likely to have cannabis also known as marijuana detected in urine tests as other age
This is the first case-controlled study to show a possible link to the increased risk of stroke from cannabis said P. Alan Barber Ph d. M d. study lead investigator and professor of clinical neurology at the University of Auckland
Cannabis has been thought by the public to be a relatively safe although illegal substance. This study shows this might not be the case;
Only 8. 1 percent of controls tested positive for cannabis in urine samples. Researchers found no differences in age stroke mechanism or most vascular risk factors between marijuana users and non-users.
In previous case reports ischemic stroke and TIAS developed hours after cannabis use Barber said.
These patients usually had no other vascular risk factors apart from tobacco alcohol and other drug usage.
It's challenging to perform prospective studies involving illegal substances such as cannabis because questioning stroke
and control patients about cannabis use is likely to obtain unreliable responses Barber said. In the study the regional ethics committee allowed researchers to use urine samples from other hospitalized patients.
The study provides the strongest evidence to date of an association between cannabis and stroke Barber said.
because all but one of the stroke patients who were cannabis users also used tobacco regularly.
We believe it is the cannabis and not tobacco said Barber who hopes to conduct another study to determine
whether there's an association between cannabis and stroke independent of tobacco use. This may prove difficult given the risks of bias and ethical strictures of studying the use of an illegal substance he said.
However the high prevalence of cannabis use in this cohort of younger stroke patients makes this research imperative.
Physicians should test young people who come in with stroke for cannabis use Barber said. People need to think twice about using cannabis
because it can affect brain development and result in emphysema heart attack and now stroke he said.
The research at Cedars-Sinai involves patients with liver disease caused by acute alcoholic hepatitis a group with few therapeutic options.
Liver failure can be caused by trauma such as an accident by viral infections overdosing on drugs--including some over-the-counter pain medications--and from alcohol abuse.
or another alcoholic drink he added. Some people claim that mosquitoes can fly between raindrops.
The authors writing today in the journal Addiction analyse THE WHO-commissioned Background Paper on E-cigarettes which looks to have been influential in the recently published WHO report calling for greater regulation of e-cigarettes.
Professor Ann Mcneill lead author from the National Addiction Centre at King's college London says: We were surprised by the negativity of the commissioned review
We are committed fiercely to preventing the tobacco industry from addicting another generation of smokers said Nancy Brown CEO of the American Heart Association.
and details concerns that these products may be another entry point for nicotine addiction among young people.
or some other tobacco product said association President Elliott Antman M d. Every life that has been lost to tobacco addiction could have been prevented.
or their advertised benefits in helping people to quit smoking according to a research review in the July/August Journal of Addiction Medicine the official journal of the American Society of Addiction Medicine.
The work was funded by the National Institute on Drug abuse of the National institutes of health and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U s. Food and Drug Administration.
However research however shows that the societal price of addiction to nicotine is high--tobacco use in the US is implicated in more deaths each year than alcohol and illicit drugs combined.
But our data show that it's other tobacco products like flavored little cigars that are luring kids into a potential lifetime of tobacco addiction.
It could be that it affects depression or increases addiction to other substances. We don't know how smoking exerts these effects
This mechanism purportedly allows those addicted to nicotine to get a fix without affecting the air others breathe.
Like any other addicting drug people start using nicotine to feel good but eventually they need it to feel normal.
and manipulating nicotine levels in cigarettes to maintain addiction should prompt us to proceed cautiously said Dr. Schraufnagel.
Nicotine is central to lifelong addiction and these are nicotine delivery devices. The position of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) on electronic nicotine delivery devices includes:
and those who had used ever alcohol marijuana or other illicit substances were more likely to use hookah.
It could happen with new plant-breeding toolsince the first plant genome sequence was obtained for the plant Arabidopsis in 2000 scientists have sequenced gene everything from cannabis to castor bean.
industry design of cigarettes to increase addiction; and the lack of relative safety of low-tar and light cigarettes.
By reducing methane emissions society buys some critical decades of lower temperatures. â#oesociety needs to wean itself from the addiction to fossil fuels as quickly as possibleâ#Howarth said. â#oebut to replace some fossil fuels â#coal oil
if existing smokers switched completely from conventional cigarettes (with no other changes in use patterns) to e-cigarettes there would be a lower disease burden caused by nicotine addiction the evidence available at this time
if a smoker maintains an even low-level tobacco cigarette addiction for many years instead of quitting.
and inclinations from monogamy to addiction to animals'including humans'underlying biology. To that growing list they're adding division of labor--at least in killer bees.
or drug abuse the condition--marked by scar tissue replacing healthy liver tissue--also can result from viral hepatitis obesity and diabetes as well as certain inherited diseases.
#Regulating legal marijuana could be guided by lessons from alcohol, tobacco, study saysas U s. policymakers consider ways to ease prohibitions on marijuana the public health approaches used to regulate alcohol
and tobacco over the past century may provide valuable lessons according to new RAND Corporation research.
Recent ballot initiatives that legalized marijuana in Colorado and Washington for recreational uses are unprecedented. The move raises important questions about how to best allow the production sales
and the use of marijuana while also working to reduce any related social ills. A new study published online by the American Journal of Public health outlines how regulations on alcohol
and tobacco may provide guidance to policymakers concerned about the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana.
Among the issues outlined in the study are how to reduce youth access to marijuana how to minimize drugged driving how to curb dependence
and addiction how to restrict contaminants in marijuana products and how to discourage the dual use of marijuana and alcohol particularly in public settings.
The lessons from the many decades of regulating alcohol and tobacco should offer some guidance to policymakers who are contemplating alternatives to marijuana prohibition
and are interested in taking a public health approach said Beau Kilmer co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research center
when considering less-restrictive marijuana laws. Those questions include: Should vertical integration be allowed or should there be separate licenses for growing processing and selling marijuana?
What rules are needed to make sure a marijuana product is safe? Should marijuana be sold in convenience stories or only in specialized venues?
Should taxes be assessed per unit of weight as a percent of the price or on some other basis such as the amount of psychoactive ingredients in marijuana?
Based on the national experience with alcohol and tobacco it seems prudent from a public health perspective to open up the marijuana market slowly with tight controls to test the waters
and prevent commercialization too soon while still making it available to responsible adults said Rosalie Liccardo Pacula co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research center
and a co-author of the paper. Of course perspectives other than public health objectives might motivate policymakers to adopt different or fewer regulations.
and tobacco that also may be appropriate for regulation of marijuana. Those include keeping prices artificially high to curb use adopting a state-run monopoly on sales
or vaporizer pens for individuals who vaporize other substances such as herbs marijuana marijuana oils and hashish waxes.
which actually produce a lot of vibrant and diverse alcoholic spirits including vodka said Timothy W. Stephens a graduate student at the University of North Texas Denton where he
that it is wrong for anyone to be addicted to anything no matter whether there are physical dangers or not.
it creates an addiction but it is not particularly harmful. However as it appears in high doses in tobacco it is used usually as a marker to monitor tobacco consumption.
and who believe they are addicted not to nicotine. And for the first time NIS includes a second group of adults over the age of 45 who were formerly regular smokers
If someone has struggled not with tobacco addiction themselves they may not understand why someone can't just quit.
In response to the crackdown in Mexico drug traffickers began moving south into Central america around 2007 to find new routes through remote areas to move their drugs from South america
When drug traffickers moved in they brought ecological devastation with them. For example the researchers found that the amount of new deforestation per year more than quadrupled in Honduras between 2007 and 2011--the same period when cocaine movements in the country also spiked.
Mcsweeney is a geographer who has done research in Honduras for more than 20 years studying how indigenous people interact with their environment.
los narcos (drug traffickers. There were other indications of drug trafficking taking place in the area. I would get approached by people who wanted to change $20 bills in places where cash is very scarce
In addition the drug traffickers themselves convert forest to agriculture as a way to launder their money.
and is therefore illegal drug traffickers often use their profits to influence government leaders to look the other way.
From northwest Denmark circa 1500-1300 BC to the Swedish island of Gotland as late as the first century AD Nordic peoples were imbibing an alcoholic grog
when on different drugs for example creating beautiful webs on LSD and terrible webs on caffeine.
and who die from their addiction reducing premature deaths from smoking and yet at the same time increasing government income.
And it's occasionally addicted to energy. New york and Pennsylvania are sitting on an enormous reserve of natural gas, the Marcellus Shale.
sustainability meet on the robotic marijuana farm Invention may lead to greener power plants When it comes to packaging,
Tech, sustainability meet on the robotic marijuana farmmr. Greenthumb's latest gardening tool may just be...
is a hi-tech mobile trailer used for cultivating medicinal marijuana. The aptly-named Big Bud is a fully functional weed farm that features programmable lights,
But he did he took some time out of his hectic schedule to speak to this correspondent about dirt-free farming, wasteful agricultural practices and, of course, cannabis.
So about this trailer designed to grow marijuana, where did the idea come from? Oddly enough, it's something that's been done for about 30 years.
Old school marijuana growers started out planting them in shipping containers and buried the crops in the ground before they eventually switched to using trailers.
so what we did was just take it to the next level by implementing hydroponic technology and developing it into a full line of trailers for not only the medical marijuana community,
On the non-marijuana agricultural side, there's a need too. California, for example, every year loses some of it's agricultural land to dust bowling
Currently, much of energy intensive light used to grow cannabis is wasted instead of being absorbed since plants can only photosynthesize so much of it.
With more and more states allowing the use of medical marijuana, what I'm seeing is broader acceptance of it.
I mean think of the actual patient that's using medicinal marijuana; it's probably a cancer
Giving them the marijuana from a sterilized environment like our trailers is a huge benefit to this industry.
if someone were trying to sell your kids banana-flavored heroin in a vial they could suck (instead of having to chase the dragon),
The reason you don't have versions of this technology for cocaine, heroin or THC (the active ingredient in marijuana) is
because those particular substances are banned as dangerous drugs. Nicotine is just as dangerous, but because the tobacco industry has fought so hard in Washington for so long it's not yet treated that way.
if you decide to addict yourself to these things today, the FDA may make you quit them in 2012.
a young talent with a history of drug addiction who will open his first restaurant, TMIP, in rural Indiana this spring.
sustainability meet on the robotic marijuana farm Invention may lead to greener power plants Accidental environmentalist designs furniture from invasive species Reuse and recycling, a modest proposal 10 steps toward making your home
Among the regular Apple fans and tech junkies were small armies of Šprofessional queuers  who were being paid a fee by dealers to wait in line.
Seoul s top traditional alcoholic producer Kooksoondang, launched a canned, spritzer-style grapefruit makgeolli last year that appears tailor-made for Western markets.
Marijuana sauceyou're not in Indiana. Amsterdam's Manneken Pis chip shop, named after Brussels'famous pissing boy statue,
So it comes as no surprise that one of the latest gastronomical innovations-marijuana sauce-comes from Indianapolis.
At the Manneken Pis chip shop, owner Albert van Beek has created a mayo spread for his chips (what red-blooded Americans call french fries) that tastes like cannabis,
but contains no THC, inspired by the marijuana aroma from the adjacent coffee shop. It's just about the taste,
whether the dope dip will catch on and sweep across the globe. Â But it does leave you wondering what the Dutch might serve up next.
Transportation The industrial world addiction to cars is costly and will become more so. The U s. uses roughly 21 million barrels of oil per day.
Public transportation is cited often as a cure for oil addiction. In the United states, rise of disabled elderly Americans will strain public transportation systems.
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