In addition fermented dairy products may exert beneficial effects against diabetes through probiotic bacteria and a special form of Vitamin k (part of the menaquinone family) associated with fermentation.
One plausible explanation is that plants growing in Canadian soil are exposed to antagonistic microorganisms that are specialised to lodgepole pine
which spreads a bacterium that causes zebra chip disease. Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest.
and provides mostly starch) germ (comprises only a small part of the grain; this is where sprouting begins) and bran (the grain's protective outer layer;
and the adoption of transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis cotton which is modified to express its own pesticide the researchers found that the value of the pest control services dropped 79 percent from a high of $23. 96 million in 1990
studies showa large body of literature has shown that genetically-modified plants that produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to protect themselves from insect pests have little to no effect on a wide range of nontarget insects.
The ARF binding mode to DNA has never been described in bacteria or animals. It appears to be exclusive to plants
#Bacterial toxin potential trigger for multiple sclerosisresearchers from Weill Cornell Medical College have added to the growing body of evidence that multiple sclerosis may be triggered by a toxin produced by common foodborne bacteria.
Epsilon toxin may be responsible for triggering MS. Epsilon toxin is produced by certain strains of Clostridium perfringens a spore-forming bacterium that is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United states. The U s. Centers for Disease Control
Of the 37 food samples 13.5%were positive for bacteria and 2. 7%were positive for the epsilon toxin gene.
#Electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness power of evaporating watera new type of electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness the untapped power of evaporating water according to research conducted at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired
A soil bacterium called Bacillus subtilis wrinkles as it dries out like a grape becoming a raisin forming a tough dormant spore.
'Scientists had suspected that funguslike microorganisms called oomycetes might also play a part in policing rainforest diversity
#Pathogenic plant virus jumps to honeybees, may explain bee population declinea viral pathogen that typically infects plants has been found in honeybees
Notably about 5%of known plant viruses are transmitted pollen and thus potential sources of host-jumping viruses.
RNA VIRUSES tend to be particularly dangerous because they lack the 3'-5'proofreading function which edits out errors in replicated genomes.
One consequence of such high replication rates are populations of RNA VIRUSES thought to exist as quasispecies clouds of genetically related variants that appear to work together to determine the pathology of their hosts.
These sources of genetic diversity coupled with large population sizes further facilitate the adaption of RNA VIRUSES to new selective conditions such as those imposed by novel hosts.
Thus RNA VIRUSES are a likely source of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases explain these researchers. Toxic viral cocktails appear to have a strong link with honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) a mysterious malady that abruptly wiped out entire hives across the United states
TRSV was detected also inside the bodies of Varroa mites a vampire parasite that transmits viruses between bees while feeding on their blood.
#How a versatile gut bacterium helps us get our daily dietary fiberuniversity of British columbia researchers have discovered the genetic machinery that turns a common gut bacterium into The swiss Army knife of the digestive tract--helping us metabolize a main
While they are vital to our diet the long chains of natural polymeric carbohydrates that make up dietary fibre are impossible for humans to digest without the aid of our resident bacteria says UBC professor Harry Brumer with UBC
This newly discovered sequence of genes enables Bacteroides ovatus to chop up xyloglucan a major type of dietary fibre found in many vegetables--from lettuce leaves to tomato fruits.
About 92 per cent of the population harbours bacteria with a variant of the gene sequence according to the researchers'survey of public genome data from 250 adult humans.
whether other groups in the consortium of gut bacteria work in concert with or in competition with Bacteroides ovatus to target these
and other complex carbohydrates says Brumer. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of British columbia.
or drones are much more susceptible than female European honey bees known as workers to a fungal intestinal parasite called Nosema ceranae.
These findings demonstrate the delicate nature of male honey bees which are important to honey bee colony reproduction to a well-distributed parasite.
and have poor body condition) to an exotic fungal intestinal parasite called Nosema ceranae compared to female worker honey bees.
The parasite originally from Asia has recently spread to possess a near global-distribution during a period of high honey bee colony losses in many global regions.
Because of its recent detection in honey bees outside of Asia researchers are scrambling to understand the parasite.
when infected with the parasite Nosema ceranae is particularly worrisome say's doctoral student Gina Tanner:'
A major criticism of GMOS Pepper notes focuses on cases where genes from other species â#even bacterial ones â#have been added to an organism to achieve a desired trait.
The presence of ants greatly reduces bacterial abundance on surfaces of leaves and has a visibly positive effect on plant health.
Study results indicate that symbiotic bacteria colonizing the ants inhibit pathogen growth on the leaves.
However some ants also benefit from the plant's services without giving anything in return such as the parasitic ant species Pseudomyrmex gracilis.
which were inhabited by either mutualistic or parasitic ants to leaves from which ants had been removed. Intriguingly the leaves of acacia colonized by parasitic ants showed more leaf damage from herbivores
and microbial pathogens than did the leaves that had mutualistic ants. The presence of the right symbiotic partner seemed to have a positive effect on the plant's health.
Detailed analysis of the bacterial composition on the surfaces of the leaves suggested that the presence of mutualistic ants changed the bacterial populations and reduced harmful pathogens.
Although far less pronounced this effect could also be observed in parasitic ants. How antimicrobial protection is transferred from ants to plant is still unclear.
lez-Teuber first author of the publication suspected that microorganisms associated with the ants might play a role.
and parasitic ants and tested the effect of the extracts on the growth of bacterial pathogens in the lab. Plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae was sensitive to the application of leg extracts of both ant species
In the next step the scientist isolated and identified bacteria from the legs of the ants.
In lab tests bacterial strains of the genera Bacillus Lactococcus Pantoea and Burkholderia effectively inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from infected acacia leaves.
Interestingly some of the bacterial genera associated with the ants are known to produce antibiotic substances.
In the future we will have to include bacteria and other microorganisms in our considerations says Wilhelm Boland head of the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute.
Studies on symbiotic relationships between ants and myrmecophytic plants should not overlook the role of bacterial partners that help the ants protect their plants.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.
and its associated microorganisms in maintaining glycaemia. They will give rise to new dietary recommendations to prevent diabetes and obesity.
but are fermented instead by intestinal bacteria into short-chain fatty acids such as propionate and butyrate which can in fact be assimilated by our bodies.
and beneficial insects birds and microbes that consume methane a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.
and evilto safely use bacteria in agriculture to help fertilize crops it is vital to understand the difference between harmful and healthy strains.
The bacterial genus Burkholderia for example includes dangerous disease-causing pathogens--one species has even been listed as a potential bioterrorist agent
We have shown that a certain group of Burkholderia which have just been discovered in the last 12 years as plant-growth promoting bacteria are said not pathogenic the study's senior author Ann Hirsch a professor of molecular cell and developmental biology in the UCLA College of Letters and Science.
This opens up the possibility of using these particular species for promoting plant growth through the process of nitrogen fixation particularly in areas of climate change.
which helpful bacteria that have entered the roots of plants convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia
The findings of Hirsch and her colleagues indicate that several recently discovered Burkholderia species including Burkholderia tuberum could be used--cautiously--in nitrogen fixing.
These species the scientists discovered lack those genes that make other Burkholderia species harmful agents of infection.
Bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia such as Burkholderiaare critical for plant growth said Hirsch whose laboratory studies many aspects of the complex symbiosis between plants and bacteria.
We're especially interested in these recently described Burkholderia species because they are found primarily in the dry and acidic soils of the Southern hemisphere making them potentially important for agriculture in less productive areas.
For their study the UCLA life scientists performed a bioinformatics analysis of four symbiotic Burkholderia species all of
Unlike their dangerous cousins the four symbiotic Burkholderia species did not have associated genes with the virulence systems found in the pathogenic species. Burkholderia were discovered first as plant pathogens in 1949 by Walter Burkholder who identified them as the agent causing
Later Burkholderia species were identified as the causative agent of the disease melioidosis a public health threat especially in tropical countries like Thailand and in parts of Australia.
Other Burkholderia belong to the Burkholderia cepacia complex a group of related bacteria that are not true pathogens
Although some members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex have been used to protect plants from dangerous fungal infections their potential to cause infection has resulted in severe limits on their use in agriculture.
It wasn't until many decades after Burkholder's discovery that closely related Burkholderia species were found to enter plant roots not as pathogens
which the bacteria provide nitrogen fertilizer to the plant. Bacteria that cause the formation of these nodules in legumes such as soybeans alfalfa and peanuts are crucial to sustainable agricultural systems Hirsch said.
Although the nodulating symbiotic species of Burkholderia are related to the more dangerous species a detailed analysis of their evolutionary relationships published earlier this year by Hirsch
and her colleagues showed that the two groups have a distinct evolutionary lineage. The harmful Burkholderia species are more resistant to antibiotics than the symbiotic and agricultural strains.
In addition to the bioinformatics analysis in the current study the team analyzed resistance to a panel of common antibiotics and tested the potential of different Burkholderia species to cause infection in laboratory conditions.
Experiments testing the potential of the four symbiotic species to cause infection in the small nematode worm known as Caenorhabditis elegans
and in human cells grown in culture verified the bioinformatics analysis showing that the bacteria were not harmful.
and home gardens just like currently used nitrogen-fixing bacteria Hirsch said. Our goal is to have discovered these newly nitrogen-fixing bacteria be used for a more sustainable approach to agriculture in the future.
Co-authors of the PLOS ONE research included Annette Angus and Christina Agapakis UCLA postdoctoral scholars in Hirsch's laboratory;
#Microbe community changes may reduce Amazons ability to lock up carbon dioxideut Arlington researchers focusing on the Amazon recently found that widespread conversion from rainforest to pastureland has significant effects on microorganism communities that may
That nitrogen for the most part comes from a process called nitrogen fixation--essentially microbes pulling nitrogen form the air into the soil.
The new paper featured in the January issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology looks for the first time at the reaction of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms called diazotrophs to the deforestation.
although the diversity of diazotrophic microorganisms remains the same with the conversion from forest to pasture the types of species found are said different Rodrigues.
Rodrigues said researchers were surprised to find a tenfold increase in the number of diazotrophic microorganisms in the pasture established in 2004
Gut bacteria ferment the dietary fibers contained in them and fatty acids enter the blood as a result influencing the immune response in the lungs.
We are now showing for the first time that the influence of gut bacteria extends much further namely up to the lungs says Marsland His team
First the fibers reach the intestine where they are fermented by bacteria and transformed into short-chain fatty acids.
#Alternative to yogurtresearchers at the Universitat Politã cnica de Valã ncia have obtained new products fermented with probiotic bacteria from grains and nuts
and viability of probiotic bacteria for the lifetime of the product especially after their intake says Chelo Gonzã¡
habitat degradation due to development, insecticides, parasites such as the Varroa mite and air pollution, that interferes with a bees'ability to find scents.
Under oxygen-free conditions, microorganisms within the digester break down the organic waste product and convert it to methane,
The Independent reports, by breeding microbes to specifically handle the pot ale from this distillery.
Our farting microbes are farting methane to power our generator which in turn feeds into the distillery's electrical distribution network this also fuels Reynier's electric car.
Super bug bacteria in meat and poultry, study saysif you grab chicken or some other meat from the grocery store,
researchers discovered that an alarming percentage of the meat was contaminated with multi-drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus,
a bacteria linked to a number of human conditions. The meat and poultry came from 26 stores from the following cities:
Los angeles, Chicago, Fort lauderdale, Flagstaff and Washington, D c. Meat and poultry inspectors usually look for many types of multi-drug-resistant bacteria,
but staph is overlooked often times. The bacteria can cause skin infections and can lead to more serious illnesses such as pneumonia and sepsis.
Here's a summary of what the study, published in the journal Clinical Infectious diseases, found:
half of the meat sold in grocery stores are contaminated with S. aureus one in four samples were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics methicillin-resistant staph was found in three of the samples the staph are resistant to up to
The New york times reports that federal health officials estimate that staph accounts for less than 3 percent of all food-borne illnesses.
Businessweek reports staph infections occur only three percent of the time and are not nearly as common as other foodborne illnesses like salmonella and E coli.
Still the study highlights a risky farming practice that began nearly 50 years ago. The researchers suggested that the super bug likely made its way into the food chain
Studies as far back as 1976 have shown a link between antibiotics and the spread of drug resistant bacteria in humans, reports Wired.
The last thing they need to be introducing into their system are extra toxins and parasites.
When the permafrost thaws, the organic material trapped in it is consumed by bacteria. If there is air in the area,
oxygen-breathing bacteria will break down the organic matter and the carbon will enter the air as carbon dioxide.
then another type of bacteria (methanogens) will break it down, releasing the carbon into the atmosphere as methane.
Bioluminescent bacteria may soon provide lighting, free of electricity from the grid. Bacteria attached to walls will grow in decorative patterns
and turn colors when certain pollutants are introduced. English physician and synthetic biologist Rachel Armstrong and architect Neil Spiller
and may reduce risk of diseases such as salmonella. 5.)UN considers U s a major ethanol offender.
resource control and competition Bioengineering e coli to turn seaweed into fuel Fatty foods cause brain scarring, study shows
which means a longer shelf life (these chemicals kill pathogenic bacteria) and also a faster cheese-ripening process (they kill off the milk's beneficial bacteria sooner).
Human breast milk gives human babies unique immunological defenses that they can't get from other animal's milk.
bacterial and fungal-driven browning will still show up to let us know the fruit's gone bad.
but the usual suspects (viruses and bacterial infections) didn't have anything to do with the poor health of the trees.
Genes that code for pheromone biosynthesis were injected into the tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana via bacteria cultures (pictured.
you have heightened risk for bacterial infections and other diseases in the bees that could require burning entire hives.
but every living thing oe even organisms we know little about, such as microbes, fungi and invertebrates.
including the Lyme spirochete, West Nile virus, and Hanta viruses. Recent studies suggest that contact with nature can have positive effects on our mental health.
percent of bacteria that cause waterborne disease. Â The filter lasts 200 days for a family of five.
There is a microbe experiment; One is looking at virulents of salmonella to develop a salmonella vaccine;
And one looks at the jatropha plant, which is important in the development of biofuel,
and its focus is on using microorganisms and plants to control pests while reducing risks to human health.
the bacterial decay starts burning oxygen up. The waterways become oxygen-deficient, and that has a negative effect on all animal life.
RNA molecules that kill parasites by disrupting the way their genes are expressed, Technology Review explains.
Startup turns landfill-bound plastics into oil E coli bacteria that eats switchgrass to make fuel Dead people power:
and a mix of a parasite and a virus. Montana's ecologist Colin Henderson said to the Washington post:
That kills the cell walls of the microorganisms and maintains the quality and nutrition of the food at a higher level.
The other process is microwave sterilization--killing the microorganisms in the microwave. That also is providing a higher quality product.
by definition, probiotics are bacteria. How do you make sure those grow, but the bad bacteria don't?
Are probiotics a direction we might want to go into and, if so, are there shelf-stable products that already have probiotics in them?
It holds onto nutrients, water, microorganisms. It improves crop yield. Because it's made from decomposing waste that would
We find that over time biochar also creates an ideal environment for microorganisms to live, things like fungi and bacteria.
and salt water (the salt keeps the pathogenic microorganisms at bay as well as enabling the enzymes, some beneficial bacteria and various strains of yeast to flourish).
making it impenetrable to microorganisms. But a grapefruit and an apple are two different challengesm
there are a billion of bacteria, most of them are yet to be named, some of those bacteria are nitrogen lovers,
and they make that nitrogen available to plants...others are methane lovers and they take methane from the atmosphere,
if the milk has been left outside the fridge for long enough for bacteria to form.
Mass producing medicines in GM plants uses lower-cost tech than those of biopharmaceuticals made in huge stainless steel fermentation vats containing bacteria or mammalian cells.
Some 95 percent of beets grown in the U s. carry the Monsanto bacterial gene that resists the herbicide glyphosate, present in Roundup Ready.
The crops contain a bacterial gene that allows them to withstand spraying with Roundup or its generic equivalents, known as glyphosate.
The Energy department has several research projects aimed at finding heat tolerant enzymes from fungi and microbes such as cellulases that break down plant cell walls and convert biomass into fermentable sugars.
E coli bacteria that eats switchgrass to make fuel How do you solve a problem like next-gen biofuels?
partner with DSM Bioengineering e coli to turn seaweed into fuel Next-gen biofuels in 2012:
if their food is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and excessive amounts of drug residue by identifying more than 60 varieties of chemicals, reported China's official Xinhua news agency.
in the lab. They did this by engineering a strain of  E coli bacteria to produce the sugar for them, quickly and cheaply.
Bioengineering e coli to turn seaweed into fuel Fed-backed Range Fuels sells plant for pennies on the dollar Chemical giant BASF invests in biomass-to-sugar startup Next-gen biofuels in 2012:
The influenza germ is constantly changing and the potato blight is capable of similar changes. Senior author Gene Nusbaum of Harvard described its ability to change as exquisite.
Consider the epidemiology that was going on in China at the time and compare it with H5n1
The H5n1 is one of these highly virulent forms. If it has that extra amino acid,
So with the H5n1 you see a lot of disease in your birds and you know the virus is there.
because it affects your gut bacteria which is very important but no one is certain yet
like the microbes. What won survive are many of the animals we care about, and our civilization.
which can be harmful to the bacteria used in the fermentation process. In a statement CEO Rick Wilson says:
The banana peel can't get rid of bacteria in water so don't strap one around your faucet just yet
The DNA thus collected could be used to make a map showing the spread of microorganisms.
But attempts to construct microorganisms that make biofuels efficiently certainly are though it will be impressive
it received entries for modified microorganisms that, among other things, help rice plants process nitrogen fertiliser more efficiently, measure the alcohol content of a person's breath
A team from National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan conceived a bacterium that can do the work of a failed kidney;
Tito Jankowski, now a member of DIYBIO, became interested in toolmaking for biohackers after taking part in igem with a team from Brown University that had set itself the goal of modifying bacteria to detect lead in water.
or bacterial infection or in those individuals undergoing dialysis for kidney failure. Clinical trials at the US National Cancer Institute and other world centers have indicated that Astragalus can strengthen immunity
and bacteria are the two most important biofuel technologies of the 21st century. As a replacement for oil, algae is extremely practical,
Coskata, which is backed by General motors and other investors, uses bacteria to convert almost any organic material, from corn husks (but not the corn itself) to municipal trash, into ethanol."
Coskata pumps it into a reactor containing bacteria that consume the gas and excrete ethanol.
Gasification and bacterial conversion are common methods of producing ethanol, but biofuel experts said Coskata is the first to combine them.
merges the feedstock flexibility of gasification with the relatively low cost of bacterial conversion. Tobey said Coskata's method generates more ethanol per ton of feedstock than corn-based ethanol
However, these products develop drug-resistant bacteria and may be harmful to human beings who consume the produce and poultry.
and other medication to kill germs by 40%.%Previously, our pigs took six months to grow but now with Orgacids,
Dr Kok said Orgacids was proven to be able to kill bacteria like Salmonella, E coli and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in the livestock digestive system. oesalmonella will be cured within two to three weeks after the chicken is fed with Orgacids
and the ammonia level of its faeces will drop within three days, he added
Device that harvests water from thin air wins the James Dyson Awardyoung Melbourne-based inventor Edward Linacre has won the 2011 James Dyson Award,
Detecting a bacterial breast infection called mastitis, and measuring fat, protein and lactose levels allow the farmer to monitor the quality of their milk.
In a period of ten weeks the team created a bacteria, Auxin, that they believed would be useful in solving desertification
They engineered E coli bacteria to contain sets of genes with growth hormone and also with malate, a root detector.
The bacteria were able to swim towards roots, become absorbed by the roots, and then release hormones to stimulate growth.
Jay Keasling, says that oeanything that can be made in a plant can now be made in a microbe.
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