</p><p>The bacteria said to be only 86 percent similar to other types known to exist On earth was discovered in a water sample taken from Lake Vostok
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27737-new-bacteria-found-antarctic-lake. html target=blank>New Type of Bacteria Reportedly Found in Buried Antarctic Lake
#Cranberries Stop Bacteria In Their Tracks (ISNS) For over a century cranberries have been more than a Thanksgiving staple;
 Most research on the cranberry's effect on infections focuses primarily on its ability to prevent bacteria from attaching to a host cell.
If the bacteria can't stick to bladder cells they can't cause infections. But in recent years researchers at Mcgill University in Montreal have uncovered a new weapon that cranberries have against bacteria.
Bacteria on the move A key factor in a bacterium's ability to infect a host cell is its motility
or how well it can move around. For some types of bacteria their motility depends in part on their whiplike appendages known as flagella.
The flagella allow the bacteria to swim around and in some cases actually swarm. The more bacteria can move the more virulent they can become.
This is especially the case in bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Motility is actually a really important factor in infection said Nathalie Tufenkji a chemical engineer at Mcgill University.
It helps the bacteria spread up the urinary tract. It helps them also infect the cells.
Tufenkji and her colleagues were interested in discovering what the compounds in cranberries did to certain bacteria's gene expression.
They took E coli that had been isolated from the urinary tract and exposed it to different concentrations of cranberry powder.
They saw that when the cranberry powder was present the E coli's ability to swim
and swarm dramatically decreased. When they swim and they swarm what they are using? Well they're using the flagella.
So we said OK it must be affecting somehow the flagellum explained Tufenkji. Then Tufenkji looked at how exposure to the cranberry influences bacteria's gene expression specifically the way the flagella are constructed.
Bacteria that were grown in the presence of cranberries did not produce as many of the genes needed to construct flagella.
Without functional flagella the bacteria's motility was hindered significantly. This research was published in the October 2011 issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Cranberry meets Proteus mirabilis After observing E coli's impaired motility after exposure to cranberries Tufenkji tested the cranberry's effect on another bacteria common to urinary tract infections:
Proteus mirabilis. This study was published in the June 2013 issue of the Canadian Journal of Microbiology.
Proteus is this really aggressive swarmer commented Tufenkji which makes it particularly virulent in the urinary tract especially in catheterized patients who already have a high risk of infection.
When patients are catheterized any bacterium present on the catheter can easily swim or swarm its way up the urinary tract to infect bladder cells.
When the Proteus bacteria were exposed to high concentrations of cranberry powder the researchers saw two interesting effects.
First just as in E coli the bacteria's ability to swim or swarm across an agar plate embedded with cranberry powder was eliminated almost completely.
Second cranberry powder also appeared to disrupt the bacteria's production of the urease accessory gene
which affects how virulent the bacteria can become. This work is very interesting said Terri A. Camesano a chemical engineer at Worcester Polytechnic institute in Massachusetts.
A lot of the other research is focusing on surface activity of bacteria and there's relatively less on motility
An alternative to antibiotics The two studies show that cranberry powder is able to essentially disable bacteria
but it does not kill the bacteria and that is key said Tufenkji. When antibiotics are used to treat infections most bacteria are killed
but in the process any survivors can become resistant to the antibiotic used against them.
The more often antibiotics are used the more resistant the bacteria can become resulting in dangerous strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Because cranberry powder only disables bacteria the bacteria are given not the chance to grow stronger as they resist antibiotic intervention.
Eventually the disabled bacteria are flushed simply out of the body. As yet it is unclear if the bacteria would eventually develop a resistance to the immobilizing effects of the cranberry
but researchers do know that the bacteria does not mutate in response to the cranberry powder.
 Cranberry-laced catheters The concentrations of cranberry powder that were effective in disabling E coli
and Proteus were higher than what would typically be found in a human body even if a person were intentionally drinking several glasses of cranberry juice daily to prevent
So it is difficult to say that ingesting high volumes of cranberries would have any effect on bacterial motility.
which cranberry compounds interact with bacteria that affects their potential to cause infection said Camesano.
Or more specifically a neurotoxin produced by one type of blue-green algae that can develop in warm standing water.
In warm weather blooms of blue-green algae are not uncommon in farm ponds in temperate regions particularly ponds enriched with fertilizer according to a classic toxicology reference book Casarett and Doull's Toxicology:
Under these conditions one species of alga Anabaena flos-aquae produces a neurotoxin anatoxin-A which depolarizes and blocks acetylcholine receptors causing death in animals that drink the pond water.
Based on circumstantial evidence the most logical explanation for the elk deaths is that on their way back to the forest after feeding in the grassland the elk drank water from a trough containing toxins created by blue-green algae
or cyanobacteria Mower said in a statement from the Department of Game and Fish. The algae-produced neurotoxin is similar to curare the famous toxin found in poison-tipped arrows used by South american indian tribes.
These medications however are recommended not for diarrhea caused by bacterial infection or parasites according to the NIH since organisms will be trapped in the intestines
which contain strains of bacteria similar to those in a healthy intestine they are also good choices.
and contaminated with bacteria researchers say. And pet owners might not even know that the stick is made from an uncooked dried bull penis. In a small study researchers examined a sample of 26 bully sticks also known as pizzle sticks manufactured in the United states and Canada.
Tests for bacteria showed that one of the treats contained Clostridium difficile one was contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and seven contained E coli.
Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2010 in the journal Pediatrics that an outbreak of salmonella in 79 people between 2006 and 2008 was caused by contaminated dry pet food.
The litter is ground to a pulp in their gizzard broken down and digested by their gut bacteria
The soil also houses bacteria and fungi that release carbon dioxide through their natural respiration. Â A lot of microbial ecologists have looked only at the bacteria
and fungi and not at the role of the earthworms that are said eating them Neher.
Also reducing the accumulation of bacteria and other microbes in medical tubing could greatly reduce a patient's risk of infection.
In most cases GMOS have been altered with DNA from another organism be it a bacterium plant virus or animal;
or they are resistant to a pesticide like Roundup (manufactured by Monsanto Corp.).One widely used method of incorporating insect resistance into plants is through the gene for toxin production found in the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) according to the World health organization.
and about 1500 were sickened after ingesting L-tryptophan (a nutritional supplement) that was manufactured by a strain of GMO bacteria.
If you haven t heard about the threat oesuperbugs (bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics) pose to our health it s likely you haven t been conscious or on the planet for a couple of years.
We are susceptible to bacterial infection whenever our skin is punctured which happens quite a lot during hospital treatment.
It can kill many types of bacteria and is thought also to provide a barrier to moisture.
The Lancet paper looked closely at how a naturally-derived honey preparation compares against a clinically-approved antibiotic a drug called Bactroban that s used to kill bacteria found in and around wounds.
The main culprit Staph aureus lives on our skin and can cause infection around catheters used during treatment of dialysis-related infections.
and 9%of the patients treated with either therapy still died the bottom line is still that we need better therapies for bacterial infection whether natural or man-made.
Rather than phone books they sift through genetic codes from humans to bacteria and a lot in between.
This so-called horizontal gene transfer is quite common among bacteria and archaea as exemplified by antibiotic resistance.
When a specific bacterium develops a defense against some drug the corresponding gene can pass horizontally to others in the same colony.
A 2008 study in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) found that 80 percent of the genes in bacteria were transferred horizontally at some point in the past.
and animals swallowed up other bacteria to form symbiotic relationships which eventually resulted in specialized cellular components such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
He is remembered perhaps best for classifying life into the now-well-accepted domains of bacteria eukaryotes (plants animals fungi and protists) and archaea.
In such a scenario a bacterium would not actually have a history in its own right:
#How Cranberries Stop Bacteria in Their Tracks An old wives'tale might be held up by modern science:
In their research led by Nathalie Tufenkji a professor of chemical engineering they added cranberry derivatives directly to laboratory dishes growing two bacteria mostly commonly associated with UTIS Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
The cranberry didn't kill these bacteria but it did limit their ability to swim and thus spread.
This bacterium spreads by swimming in swarms. The colony can be relatively immobile but then suddenly grow elongated flagella whiplike appendages to propel them to a new region to inhabit. 6 Superbugs to Watch out For Tufenkji's group found that cranberry powder in a petri dish limited the growth of flagella
Moreover increased cranberry concentrations reduced the bacterium's production of an enzyme called urease which contributes to the virulence or severity of infection.
because P. mirabilis is the main bacterium behind UTIS caused by catheters in hospitals. Scientists think that P. mirabilis can migrate up the catheter into the urinary tract.
namely it still prevents bacteria from swimming and spreading on the catheter surface. Tufenkji's earlier work found that chemicals in cranberries called proanthocyanidins (PACS) similarly hindered the gene in E coli responsible for growing flagellar filament.
E coli is the bacterium most associated with nonhospital-acquired UTIS. Women in particular can pick up this bacterium from frequent sexual intercourse;
although unlike with a sexually transmitted disease the bacteria are usually already on the woman S1 Â
and sexual activity merely moves the bacteria toward the urethra. Immobilizing bacteria rather than killing it s a good thing Tufenkji explained.
Bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to a substance that only is hindering their movement as opposed to killing bacteria
and preventing them from replicating. The mechanism of action is very different from antibiotics which depend on killing the cells Tufenkji said.
Our work to date suggests that the bacteria cannot develop'resistance'to cranberry. What happens in the body
when one consumes cranberries remains a mystery. Scientists at the University of Rennes in Rennes France found that compounds in cranberries could block up to 80 percent of E coli from attaching to the cells lining the urethra in a laboratory setting.
This study appeared in 2012 in the Journal of Medicinal Food. Tufenkji stressed that her study doesn't validate that consumption of cranberries could treat UTIS.
Antibiotics remain for now the UTI treatment of choice among most medical doctors. Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein!
or huanglongbing is caused by a bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The bacteria are spread from tree to tree by a tiny insect called the Asian citrus psyllid The New york times reports.
A tree affected by citrus greening may not show symptoms for years. Eventually however the leaves turn yellow
and other citrus crops) despite the best efforts of numerous research labs. The Candidatus bacteria is
Hurricanes canker disease (another bacterial infection of citrus fruits) hard freezes and the vagaries of the international orange market
In bacteria the DNA just floats around in the cell. The third part of the name oedeoxyribo also has a chemical sound to it
Bacteria are celled single organisms most animals and plants are celled multi organisms. Cats are bigger than mice
and metabolized by bacteria in the colon to produce gas and short chain fatty acids. This results in abdominal cramps bloating diarrhea flatulence and nausea.
because the lactose is metabolized partially by bacteria during their preparation r
#Lake ontario Facts Lake ontario is the smallest of all the Great lakes in surface area (7340 square miles/18960 square kilometers)
Tests have come back negative for anthrax a bacteria that exists naturally in the region and can kill large animals.
The pathway involves the gut bacteria that metabolize carnitine in people who regularly eat meat he said.
which is produced by gut bacteria that metabolize l-carnitine. As for how carnitine in red meat may be linked with heart disease Hazen explained that chronic ingestion of carnitine fundamentally shifts the metabolism of cholesterol.
</p><p>But some people are pushing the definition of food group to a whole new level by trying to incorporate human waste and bacteria into the food chain.
s Science Gallery showcases cheese cultured with bacteria from human tears noses and belly buttons.
Sophisticated smell analysis revealed that bacterial delicacies smelled a lot like their original owners' body odor.
In a 2013 study in the journal Food Microbiology researchers speculated on the ability to harvest bacteria from<a href=http://www. livescience. com/4141-moms-prefer-smell-baby-poop. html>infant poop
</a>mostly<em>Lactobacillus gasseri</em>and<em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>as the starter for fermenting sausages.
The study researchers found that a few strains of<em>Lactobacillus</em>seemed to be best for jump-starting the fermentation process.
Though urine fresh from the source is generally sterile pee left sitting out can contain harmful bacteria.
pork laced with phosphorescent bacteria that glows blue China has had its share of scary food products.
the process of rinsing ground beef in ammonia to remove potential bacteria caused also some indigestion
In one of the biggest outbreaks of campylobacter bacteria seen nationally in recent years raw milk from a Pennsylvania dairy farm sickened 148 people in four states in January 2012 according to the report.
Most campylobacter outbreaks involve a dozen or fewer people. The report which details what happened during the outbreak said the dairy that sold the milk had a permit for selling unpasteurized milk
The dairy also tested its own milk for E coli bacteria more often than was required. The vast majority of the sick people drank the milk before its best by date.
and this campylobacter outbreak demonstrates the ongoing hazards of unpasteurized dairy products according to the report authors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments.
Bacteria commonly found in the digestive tracts of farm animals including campylobacter and E coli O157 can easily find their way into milk as it is pumped
and bottled on a farm Powell said. Fecal matter just ends up in the milk it's not like you can see it he said.
No inspectors can see it this isn't CSI where the bacteria just magically line up.
Children along with pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems are at high risk of complications from campylobacter infections.
Typically campylobacter infections cause diarrhea abdominal pain and fever that last about a week and most people get better on their own.
Raw milk's bacterial risks remain high despite regulations and inspections. Follow Karen Rowanâ@karenjrowan. Follow Myhealthnewsdailyâ@Myhealth mhnd Facebookâ &â Google
1 in 6 Who Drink It Gets Sick On average one in six people who drink raw milk becomes ill with bacterial or parasite infections according to researchers at the Minnesota Department of health.
The researchers found 530 laboratory-confirmed cases of infections including bacterial infections from Salmonella E coli
and Campylobacter as well as parasitic infections called cryptosporidiosis among Minnesota patients who reportedâ drinking raw milkâ between 2001 and 2010.
or long-term diseases such as a nervous system disorder called Guillain-Barre syndrome or reactive arthritis which is inflammation in the joints that develops in response to an infection by bacteria Robinson told Livescience.
In the study about 20 percent of those who became sick developed a serious complication of bacterial infections called hemolytic uremic syndrome
and foodborne illnesses because it can contain harmful bacteria that are killed not during pasteurization. However raw milk advocates claim it is healthier
and infection with bacteria called Listeria which are also found in raw milk has been linked with high rates of stillbirths preterm delivery as well as sepsis
which means they can carry pathogens such as Listeria Campylobacter Salmonella Brucella and E coli. Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick Over the past decade consumption of raw milk has resulted in 93 illness outbreaks 1837 illnesses 195 hospitalizations and two deaths according to the Centers for Disease
The bacterial infections that come from raw milk often lead to diarrhea and stomach cramps. But for vulnerable people infections can have serious sometimes life-threatening consequences.
For example pregnant women unborn fetuses and newborns are 13 to 17 times more likely to develop severe illness because of listeria infection compared with other groups of people studies have shown.
And 20 percent of pregnant women who become infected with Listeria experience a miscarriage or stillbirth according to the AAP.
Two-thirds of infants whose mothers are infected with Listeria develop infections such as pneumonia sepsis or meningitis.
Substantial data suggest that pasteurized milk confers equivalent health benefits compared with raw milk without the additional risk of bacterial infections the researchers wrote in the statement.
or bacteria that were disturbed when the tomb was opened. A warlord and nobleman who controlled a vast swath of Asia during the 14th century Timur (aka Tamerlane) was renowned as a military tactician
whether a naturally occurring soil bacterium referred to asud1023 because it was characterized first at the university can create an iron barrier in rice roots that reduces arsenic uptake.
Bais first identified the bacterial species in soil samples taken from California rice fields. The pair's preliminary research has shown that UD1023 can mobilize iron from the soil
We have a bacterium that moves iron and we want to see if creating an iron shield around the rice roots will slow arsenic movement into other parts of the plant Bais said.
Coating seeds with bacteria is very easy. With this bacteria you could implement easy low-cost strategies that farmers could use that would reduce arsenic in the human food chain.
Editor's Note: The researchers depicted in Behind the Scenes articles have been supported by the National Science Foundation the federal agency charged with funding basic research and education across all fields of science and engineering.
and beans and in room-temperature rice and pasta can ferment in the colon to promote the growth of good bacteria
and help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. In 2010 scientists at Virginia Polytechnic and State university reported that resistant starch might also protect against breast cancer.
Instead of being digested by amylases in the upper digestive tract it passes to the bowel where it is fermented by bacteria into short chain fatty acids (SCFA.
and inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria. All of this extra fermentation and availability of SCFA provides fuel
and promote bacteria by secreting mucilage that supports all types of growth. For researchers in the lab of Edward Theriot at The University of Texas at Austin diatoms (and their snot) are rich objects of biological research.
Their flesh drops to the lake floor where anaerobic bacteria transforms it into adipocere also known as corpse wax researchers from Kutztown University in Pennsylvania reported here Monday (Oct 28) at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting.
#Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Cucumbers Sickens 73 An outbreak of Salmonella linked to cucumbers imported from Mexico has sickened 73 people in 18 states according to an announcement today from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.
All patients were sick with a strain of bacteria called Salmonella Saintpaul. Symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning include diarrhea fever and abdominal cramps.
People typically become ill from Salmonella about 12 to 72 hours after eating food contaminated with the bacteria the CDC said.
Consumers should wash all produce including cucumbers before eating cutting or cooking the CDC said Pass it on:
Salmonella linked to contaminated cucumbers has sickened at least 73 people across 18 states. Follow Rachael Rettner@Rachaelrettner. Follow Myhealthnewsdaily@Myhealth mhnd Facebook & Google+.
and then inserted the gene back into the tobacco plant using a bacterium. The first tobacco plant this experiment was performed on has been growing for eight years.
If even bacteria can signal one another with vibrations why not plants said Monica Gagliano a plant physiologist at the University of Western australia in Crawley.
Scientists Who Snack on Their Research A tube of saggy bacteria-filled flesh the deep-sea tubeworm displays a uniquely unappetizing appearance.
Marshall drank a culture containing the microbe H. pylori to prove the bacteria cause stomach ulcers.
And turkey can carry salmonella so it's important to cook the bird thoroughly. Food allergies also rear their ugly heads at the holidays.
Anthrax is caused an infectious disease by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The bacteria live in soil and usually infect wild and domestic animals such as goats cattle and sheep.
Anthrax outbreaks are fairly common worldwide and mostly affect agricultural workers. Humans become sick with the disease by handling animal products such as wool hide
or bone from animals infected with the anthrax bacterium. The most common form of the disease cutaneous anthrax is contracted
when bacteria spores enter the body through a cut or scrape on the skin. Of the three forms of the disease cutaneous pulmonary and gastrointestinal cutaneous anthrax is the easiest to treat with antibiotics.
Spores of anthrax bacteria can lie dormant for years before entering a living host where they reactivate
There it nurtures bacteria known to improve nutrient absorption decrease allergies and lower the risk of colon cancer.
which promotes good bacteria growth in your intestines which helps keeps them healthy and ward off infections.
but were injected with a low dose of E coli bacteria to simulate a mild fever and immune response.
Good bacteria are turning up in everything from toothpaste and chocolate to juices and cereals.
The Nutrition Business Journal anticipated that U s. sales of probiotic supplements in 2013 would top $1 billion. 5 Ways Gut Bacteria Affect Your Health To separate the reality from the hype here are eight
and the amount of live bacteria in these foods is quite good Hibberd said. To get billions of good bacteria in a serving choose a yogurt labeled live and active cultures she said.
Other probiotic-rich foods include kefir a fermented milk drink and aged cheeses such as cheddar Gouda Parmesan and Swiss.
For example a label might say Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Microbe counts are listed as colony-forming units (CFU)
and helps maintain healthy bacteria levels in the intestines. Broccoli also aids in digestion by helping to keep your stomach lining healthy.
The sulforaphane in broccoli helps keep the stomach bacteria Helicobacter pylori from becoming overgrown or clinging too strongly to the stomach wall.
and wildebeest and these animals could spread the bacteria leading to new rounds of infections researchers say.
The anthrax bacterium Bacillus anthracis can cause symptoms ranging from itchy sores on the skin to breathing problems
The anthrax bacterium is widespread in Namibia and is considered part of the park's natural ecosystem.
In the U s. in addition to the anthrax bacterium this would include transmission of the prion causing chronic wasting disease.
#Trendy'Paleo'Diet May not Suppress Appetite The trendy paleo diet a plant-based diet inspired by the idea that human ancestors mainly consumed roughage may not be so good at suppressing appetite according to new research conducted on gut bacteria.
In the study researchers looked at gut bacteria taken from people and from primates called gelada baboons and found that bacteria fed with predigested grass produced a smaller amount of compounds called short-chain fatty acids
which trigger the production of appetite-reducing gut hormones compared with the bacteria fed with predigested potatoes.
We didn't find any suggestion that people should start eating grass and that doing
and helps maintain a healthy community of gut bacteria he said. To obtain the gut bacteria for the study the researchers took fecal bacterial samples from three human vegetarian volunteers and three gelada baboons
which are the only modern primates that eat mainly grasses. The researchers wanted to imitate the real-life digestion process
and the environment in the human and baboon guts as closely as possible so they fed the bacteria
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