Bacteria

Aerobic bacteria (1)
Anaerobic bacteria (1)
Bacteria (1835)
Cyanobacteria (79)
Endospore bacteria (68)
Gram-negative bacteria (444)
Gram-positive bacteria (146)
Proteobacteria (14)
Spirochete (1)

Synopsis: Microorganisms: Bacteria:

The Black death, a bubonic plague during the Middle ages caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, killed 30%-60%of Europeans (80%of people in the south of France and Spain) and reduced global population from 450 million to around 350 million.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

Consumers the world over now demand to know where their food comes from and how it is produced.

and their leaf litter feeds the acidic soils that nurture networks of microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria,

where bacteria are mixed into traditional cement and form solid plugs when activated by water that seeps in from fine cracks in the material.

Larsson's plan involves harnessing the metabolic powers of a sand-particle-fixing species of bacteria to produce sandstone

These may be thought of as bacterial cities within our own, which are fed with and transform our waste organic matter into useful substances.

and a shift away from farming lifestyles decreased our contact with soil, faeces and contaminated food where bacteria and parasites like helminths live.

Given that bladder infections are one of the most common bacterial infections we face, some women keep a carton of cranberry juice in the fridge at all times, just in case.

which are thought to prevent bacteria from sticking to the wall of the bladder. Apple and grape juice and dark chocolate also contain proanthocyanidins,

On the horizon, perhaps, are modified genetically versions of symbiotic bacteria that live in the insect's gut,

including Wolbachia, which may be exploited for pest management. Or, the bugs'pheromones, which tell them where to go

He'd contracted bacterial meningitis and fallen into a coma in which state he'd experienced visions of intense beauty.

because nitrogen is also a superb fertiliser of algae and bacteria. Fertiliser pollution in lakes and the ocean causes massive blooms of algae,

the bacteria grows to a point where it just goes bad. He then stops and chuckles, admitting he never really expected to know so much,

which bacteria break down the waste. The methane gas produced by the bacteria is used then to fuel cooking stoves,

and the decomposed manure can be spread on the fields as fertiliser. Another way of getting nitrates into the soil is to introduce the few organisms that can create it for you oe so-called'nitrogen-fixers,

'which includes plants like legumes that contain in their root systems bacteria that can make nitrates from the air.

However, this is not the only way of increasing photosynthesis. Scientists are also exploring the idea that genes from the ancestors of modern-day plants might boost the ability of crops to harness the sun. It is well known that primitive plants known as cyanobacteria have a talent

they achieved a 20%increase in tobacco plants after adding a single cyanobacteria gene called inorganic carbon transporter B (Ictb.

which has been engineered with genes from daffodils and bacteria to produce beta-carotene, a nutrient that the body can convert into Vitamin a.

The city of Alphen aan den Rijn ordered the study five years ago after officials found unexplained abnormalities on trees that couldnt be ascribed to a virus or bacterial infection.

drug targets to control deadly bacteria for which there are currently no effective treatments, she said.

This summers huge egg recall was the latest reminder that we do battle against dangerous pathogens like E coli and salmonella in our kitchens every day.

and cooking routines after she became ill with E coli that she and her doctors thought she got from bagged lettuce.

oepasteurized eggs are the easiest way to deal with the risk said Dr. Michael Doyle with the Center for Food safety at the University of Georgia. Pasteurized eggs are heated in the shell to kill harmful bacteria

so you dont transfer bacteria from the knife or peeler to the part you are going to eat.

LEARN TO LOVE WELL DONE Cooking thoroughly is the best way to eliminate harmful bacteria from meats and poultry.

it has nothing to do with bacteria and other pathogens. This became especially apparent in 2006,

when some organic growers were involved in the recall of E coli-tainted spinach. On the other hand there is something reassuring about buying from a small organic farmer at a local stand or farmers market,

see or taste the bacteria that causes illness. Keep in mind this advice from the Center for Science in the Public interest:

which people had died from food-borne illnesses such as e coli and CJD. But today Health Secretary Andrew Lansley will unveil a long-awaited white paper containing plans to abolish it as part of a bonfire of quangos.

and bacteria it is possible to make a relatively inefficient transgenic strain that can ferment pentose sugars.

or bacteria to pesticides but none of these have yet been agreed upon as the reason for this astounding decline The number of managed honeybee colonies in the US fell by 33.8%last winter,

the oxygen is picked easily off by bacteria, which speeds up the process of decomposition, breaking the chemical bonds

said Bonitz. oeand that would increase the bacteria and fungi activities in the final product.

They live in symbiosis with bacteria that pass from one generation to the next, producing essential amino acids. Aphids with the same genotype can be winged wingless

life forms from bacteria to whales is wrong. Apparently, the mysterious oe3/4 law of metabolism proposed by Max Kleiber in 1932,

explained theoretically in Science in 1997 and described in a 2000 essay in Nature as oeextended to all life forms from bacteria to whales is just plain wrong. oeactually,

#Dr Yang and his colleagues have developed a technique for inserting human genes into Asian rice using bacteria,

It works by using ultraviolet light to sterilise the bacteria which cause the offensive odors in footwear.

but that their device, called Sterishoe, will kill 99.9 per cent of bacteria in just 45 minutes.

It is recommended by doctors as a chemical-free method to kill bacteria in shoes, reducing shoe odor and risk of infection from athletes foot.

#which is used commonly as a modern disinfectant in hospitals, dental surgeries, public swimming pools and other water treatment systems#to neutralise the bacteria.

The need for better traceability became clear after a national outbreak of salmonella illness in spring 2008 that sickened more than 1, 300 people across the country.

bacteria and other pathogens known to reduce crop yields, which normally force farmers to apply costly pesticides.

Mr. Sechler swears by the concoction as a way to fight off bacterial diseases that plague meat

#bacteria that are impervious to one or more antibiotics. Those bacteria can be passed on to consumers,

who eat meat infected with them and then cannot be treated. In November, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 25 national health organizations and advocacy groups issued a statement on antibiotics that

#In 2011, there were several prominent recalls involving bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics, including more than 60 million pounds of ground beef contaminated withsalmonella Typhimurium

and about 36 million pounds of ground turkey spoiled with salmonella Heidelberg. Consumer Reports released a study last month that found the bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica in 69 percent of 198 pork chop

and ground pork samples bought at stores around the country. Some of the bacteria were resistant to one or more antibiotics.

Analysis of Food and Drug Administration data by the Center for Science in the Public interest found that 80 percent of all antibiotics sold in the United states are used in animals.

In the late 1990s, Bayer conducted trials on the product, known as Ropadiar in Europe, comparing its ability to control diarrhea in piglets caused by E coli with that of four of the company s products.

studied the effectiveness of oregano oil on 18 mice infected with staph bacteria. Six mice were given oregano oil,

Mr. Ruth and Mr. Sechler warned that using oregano oil to control bacterial infection also requires maintaining high standards of sanitation in barns where animals are sheltered,

It sits empty for two to three weeks to allow bacteria to die off and to ensure that the rodents that carry salmonella

and campylobacter are eliminated. You can t just replace antibiotics with oregano oil and expect it to work,

#Mr. Sechler said. Photo credit: Y5 Blogging Via New york times Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati N

#Five technologies IBM predicts will be possible in the next 5 years What if a computer could let us feel#the texture of a fabric before we buy clothes online?

cold beer. 2. Pasteurization/sterilization Useful for the prevention of bacterial contamination in food, particularly milk. 3. Canning Developed in the early 19th century,

More formally, the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria,

Nor were they any less likely to be contaminated by dangerous bacteria like E coli. The researchers also found no obvious health advantages to organic meats.

Organic chicken and pork were less likely to be contaminated by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Those are the big motivators for the organic consumer,

#Similarly, organic meat contained considerably lower levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria than conventionally raised animals did,

but bacteria, antibiotic-resistant or otherwise, would be killed during cooking. Dr. Bravata agreed that people bought organic food for a variety of reasons#concerns about the effects of pesticides on young children,

the environmental impact of large-scale conventional farming and the potential public health threat if antibiotic-resistant bacterial genes jumped to human pathogens.

when it detects bacteria associated with plaque buildup, cavities or infection. It could also notify your dentist,

the researchers have used already it to identify bacteria in saliva associated with stomach ulcers and cancers.

and turn a color#orange, say, for E coli. Then you could knock it out with a stronger disinfectant. 27.

Honey bee colonies infected with pathogenic bacteria did not bring in significantly more propolis #despite the fact that the propolis also has antibacterial properties.

In fact, many common bacteria (such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and E coli) have developed a resistance to available antibiotics.

In the end, the new corporate structure of our food system has cheapened our diets in a way the world has seen never.

a botanist at the University of Glasgow who has been doing research on bacterial photosynthesis for more than 30 years.

That s the way biochemical turbochargers work in algae and cyanobacteria. Griffiths and his colleagues are looking at ways to create similar micro-compartments for higher plants.

Jones said filaments found on the surface of many bacterial species, known as pili, could be adapted for this purpose.

or nanowired bacteria, or turbocharged rice, all these researchers believe that coming up with a better way to turn sunlight into energy is a crucial challenge for the next generation.

and synthetic bacteria that decompose trash and break down oil spills and other contaminated waste at a rapid pace.

including bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants. Galas s team detected the same specific rice mirna that Zhang had dubbed mir-168

if you have a bacterial or viral infection. It can vary from clear to yellow to green with a variety of illnesses.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

Consumers the world over now demand to know where their food comes from and how it is produced.

Researchers from UCLA now have the first evidence that bacteria ingested in food can affect brain function in humans.

They found that women who regularly consumed beneficial bacteria known as probiotics through yogurt showed altered brain function,

The discovery that changing the bacterial environment, or microbiota, in the gut can affect the brain carries significant implications for future research that could point the way toward dietary

one group ate a specific yogurt containing a mix of several probiotics#bacteria thought to have a positive effect on the intestines#twice a day for four weeks;

#The UCLA researchers are seeking to pinpoint particular chemicals produced by gut bacteria that may be triggering the signals to the brain.

a soya bean equipped with a bacterial gene that allows it to tolerate a Monsanto-made glyphosphate herbicide known as Roundup.

H. pylori bacteria and other microbes associated with poor hygiene practices#were far less likely to have allergies.

We eat a lot of yogurt for the beneficial bacterial cultures it provides.##Zasloff goes even further.

Bacteria that uses a tiny molecular machine to kill attacking viruses could change the way that scientists edit the DNA of plants,

The ability to make modular changes in the DNA of bacteria and primitive algae has resulted in drug and biofuel companies such as Amyris and LS9.

The bacteria used to culture milk are particularly prone to becoming infected with viruses that kill them, lowering productivity.

For decades, researchers had realized that bacteria had strange, repeating patterns of DNA sequence scattered throughout their DNA, known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).

The bacteria were keeping track of telltale bits of genetic code from viruses that might try to infect them,

Horvath recognized that this knowledge could be used to create bacteria that were more resistant to infection,

somehow the bacteria had the ability to target specific bits of genetic code. If scientists could harness that,

Horvath and Barrangou s paper set off a race to figure out what the bacteria s mysterious secret weapon was.

they found that the bacteria combined Cas9 with genetic material to create#oehoming molecules#that attack viruses.

Bacteria, like human beings and almost every other living thing, keeps its genetic code in a library of DNA molecules.

the bacteria that live on and in the animals adapt and develop resistance to those bacteria killers.

Pew crunched another new set of data, the FDA s latest release of results from its National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System,

and subjects them to testing for bacterial pathogens. Again the results are sobering. Here a a few highlights pointed to by Pew in an email:#¢

#¢Of the Salmonella on ground turkey, about 78%were resistant to at least one antibiotic and half of the bacteria were resistant to three or more.

These figures are compared up to 2010.#¢#¢Nearly three-quarters of the Salmonella found on retail chicken breast were resistant to at least one antibiotic.

About 12%of retail chicken breast and ground turkey samples were contaminated with Salmonella.#¢#¢Resistance to tetracycline an antibiotic is up among Campylobacter on retail chicken.

About 95%of chicken products were contaminated with Campylobacter, and nearly half of those bacteria were resistant to tetracyclines.

This reflects an increase over last year and 2002. Takeaway: While the FDA dithers with voluntary approaches to regulation, the meat industry is feasting on antibiotics

and sending out product tainted with antibiotic-resistant bugs. Photo credit: TRAP The Real Art of Protest Via Mother Jones Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati

#Virtual fencing promises radical transformation by removing the mile upon mile of barbed wire stretched across the landscape.

nervous because it may increase human exposure to salmonella and other foodborne illnesses. More on that tomorrow.

Are there any bacteria growing on the leaves? These are some of the questions we ll be looking at.

using the E coli bacteria as a reference model, but say the tags can be reconfigured to use for other refrigerated foods, like salad dressing or yogurt.

#How a breast milk antibody plays an important role in infant gut development Breastfeeding is an important strategy to ensure a healthy balance of good bacteria in an infant s gut.

And her breast milk contains special sugars that seem to selectively nourish the gut bacteria that infants need.

They harboured with different communities of gut bacteria and had more of certain groups that are seen in the guts of IBD patients.

and bacteria pass into the underlying lymph nodes. These lymph nodes should be absolutely sterile says Kaetzel.

you ll find no bacteria. When we took lymph nodes from offspring who didn t get SIGA in their milk,

they were loaded with bacteria. The most abundant species was Ochrobactrum anthropian opportunistic bacterium that s been linked to a growing number of infections in hospital patients.

It also depends on oxygen, which is odd since most gut bacteria shun the stuff or,

at most, tolerate it. You typically see overgrowth of aerobic bacteria when you have inflammation, says Kaetzel.

Beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract are crucial but you don t necessarily want them around too much,

like overgrowing in the lymph nodes, says Katie Hinde from Harvard university. This study shows that ingested SIGA is instrumental for limiting bacterial invasion beyond the gut wall.

These early changes persisted into adulthood and left the mice permanently susceptible to inflammation, even if they could eventually make SIGA for themselves.

Lisa Funkhouser and Seth Bordenstein have speculated that the lymphatic system conveys bacteria from a mother s guts into her mammary glands,

If pups that don t get SIGA from their mothers have weird bacteria in their lymph nodes,

</p><p></p><p>The human body is full of friendly bacteria with organisms on our skin

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/25984-breast-milk-bacteria. html>Breast milk</a>alone can have up to 700 species of bacteria according to a study released in January 2013.</

Compounds in cranberries called proanthocyanidins prevent E coli bacteria which are a common cause of UTIS from adhering to the urinary tract according to a 2001 in the journal Urology as well as a 2000 study in the journal Nutrition.

Images of Things That Make Us Sick 2. Promoting oral and gastrointestinal health The same anti-adhesion ability that works against E coli to help prevent urinary tract infections may also be effective against H. pylori a type of bacteria

Refined carbs and sugars feed the bad bacteria in the gut and contribute to inflammation.

including environmental stressors bacterial infections and viruses &mdash; work together to build up and steadily threaten a population before rearing back smacking down and taking an actual toll in

if a bacterial infection virus or some combination of infections are to blame and are currently working to figure this out.</

The bacteria in feces provide a sampling of an animal's gut flora and fauna which determine its health.

For example poop transplants can be an effective means of treating intractable gut infections by reestablishing a healthy bacterial equilibrium.

which yeast or bacteria convert sugars to acids gases or alcohol. Fermentation scientists or zymologists study how these microorganisms can be used in fermentation processes such as beer brewing.

</p><p>The back of the tongue is a popular hangout for bacteria and other germs that can give you bad breath.</

Doing this at least once a day helps to remove plaque-causing bacteria and food particles trapped in the tongue

and spills as well as its moist and porous texture make it a perfect breeding ground for food-borne bacteria mold and mildew.</

#Amazon river'Breathes'Carbon dioxide from Rain forest Bacteria living in the Amazon river can digest woody materials shed by the surrounding rain forest by turning these pieces of tree bark

Researchers at the University of Washington found that bacteria in the Amazon river can break down almost all of the tree

if or how river bacteria could break down such tough materials the researchers said. People thought this was one of the components that just got dumped into the ocean Nick Ward a doctoral student in oceanography at the University of Washington

But rather than flowing into oceans and settling on the seafloor for centuries or millennia bacteria in the Amazon river can break lignin down within two weeks the new study found.

From their analysis the researchers determined that about 40 percent of the Amazon's lignin breaks down in soils 55 percent is digested by bacteria in the river system

but it's also taking with it the bacterial community that's really good at eating the lignin.

Research shows that people who work with livestock like Kremer are moreâ likely to carry antibiotic resistant bacteria on

Two million Americans are sickened by antibiotic-resistant bacteria every year and 23000 die from these infections according to a landmark U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report published last week.

or bacteria-like and thrived on CO2. But photosynthesizing bacteria used up CO2 and produced poisonous O2 that eventually filled the atmosphere.

To make matters worse the drop in atmospheric CO2 plunged the earth into a massive deep freeze that has come to be called the<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27684-snowball-earth-ocean-mixing. html target=blank>Snowball Earth

By inserting a gene from bioluminescent marine bacteria researchers at Bioglow Inc. developed a tobacco plant with faintly glowing green leaves.

#Breast Milk Bought Online May have High Levels of Bacteria Breast milk sold online may be contaminated with disease-causing bacteria researchers have found.

We found three quarters of the milk that we studied was contaminated either with high levels of bacteria

or certain disease-causing bacteria like the kind found in human waste said study author Sarah Keim researcher at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus Ohio.

The breast milk was contaminated frequently with coliform bacteria which are used commonly as indicators of the sanitary quality of food and staphylococcus bacteria

which grow in improperly stored foods. Three samples were contaminated with Salmonella according to the study published today (Oct 21) in the journal Pediatrics.

 Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick Some of these bacteria come from mother's skin

and are usually harmless at normal levels. But coliform and salmonella could be coming from elsewhere Keim said.

We know from another study that about two-thirds of women who use a breast pump never wash its parts she said.

or bacteria from other foods in the freezer where milk is stored she said. While certain bacteria are natural components of breast milkâ

and are healthy for the baby abnormal levels of some types of bacteria and contamination with disease-causing bacteria could be dangerous to infants especially those who were born premature

or have weak immune systems the researchers said. A previous study showed about 20 percent of people looking online for breast milk mention they have a baby who was born premature

or has a health condition. The U s. Food and Drug Administration warns against feeding babies breast milk obtained online as the donor is unlikely to have been tested for infectious disease

and found higher overall bacterial counts in the Internet samples. Sixty-four percent of the Internet samples tested positive for staphylococcous compared to 25 percent of milk bank samples.

 The results also showed that each additional transit day was associated with an increase in total bacteria count in milk purchased online.

#Breast Milk Contains Over 700 Bacteria species Humans carry around loads of living bacteria that are crucial for good health

Scientists have discovered that breast milk contains more species of bacteria than originally expected more than 700 varieties.

The bacteria's exact role is still unclear but this microbial diversity could help the baby to digest the milk

The latter samples contained bacteria typically found in the mouth such as Veillonella Leptotrichia and Prevotella the scientists found. 8 Odd Facts About Breasts We are not yet able to determine

if these bacteria colonize the mouth of the baby or whether oral bacteria of the breast-fed baby enter the breast milk

and thus change its composition researchers Marã a Carmen Collado of the Institute of Agrochemistry

and Food technology and Alex Mira of the Higher Public health Research center both in Spain said in a statement.

Among other findings of the study the breast milk of overweight mothers and mothers who had planned caesareans contained a lower diversity of bacteria species compared with that of other moms.

If the breast milk bacteria discovered in this study were important for the development of the immune system its addition to infant formula could decrease the risk of allergies asthma

and even theâ bacteria in people's gutsâ steal a fraction of food's calories.

-borne illnesses like salmonella. Producers would need to put protective procedures into place at critical points in the production process where problems are likely to arise.

and food particles that team up with bacteria to form plaque. Plaque produces acid that damages tooth enamel causes cavities and sets the stage for periodontal or gum disease.

and green teas slow the growth of bacteria associated with cavities and gum disease. Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that people who rinsed their mouths with black tea for one minute 10 times a day had less plaque buildup on their teeth than people who rinsed their mouths with water.

Tea undermines the ability of some bacteria to clump together with other bacteria the researchers said. 5 Surprising Ways to Banish Bad Breath In a 2010 study published in the Journal of Dental Research Wu

Polyphenols suppress the genes of bacteria that control the production of smelly compounds in the mouth Wu said.

Like a river saliva washes out some of the bacteria in the mouth she said.

Sugar helps bacteria stick to the tooth surface letting them produce plaque Wu said. Raisins are also a source of phytochemicals

which may kill cavity-causing plaque bacteria. Some compounds in raisins also affect the growth of bacteria associated with gum disease Wu has found.

Crunchy foods: It takes serious chewing to break down foods such as carrots apples and cucumbers. But all that crunching isn't in vain.

and settling on teeth bacteria get cleared away. Vitamin-rich foods: Foods containing calcium such as cheese almonds

Chewing boosts saliva secretion clearing away some bacteria Wu said. The keyword here is sugarless.

Bacteria rely on sucrose to produce plaque Wu said. Milk: In a study published in the Journal of the American Dental Association in July Wu

Milk neutralizes some of the acid produced by plaque bacteria Wu said. Adding milk to cereal doesn't have the same benefit however.

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