Cyanobacteria

Anabaena (1)
Cyanobacteria (48)
Microalgae (23)
Spirulina (4)
Synechocystis (3)

Synopsis: Microorganisms: Bacteria: Cyanobacteria:

However, this is not the only way of increasing photosynthesis. Scientists are also exploring the idea that genes from the ancestors of modern-day plants might boost the ability of crops to harness the sun. It is well known that primitive plants known as cyanobacteria have a talent

they achieved a 20%increase in tobacco plants after adding a single cyanobacteria gene called inorganic carbon transporter B (Ictb.

That s the way biochemical turbochargers work in algae and cyanobacteria. Griffiths and his colleagues are looking at ways to create similar micro-compartments for higher plants.

Or more specifically a neurotoxin produced by one type of blue-green algae that can develop in warm standing water.

In warm weather blooms of blue-green algae are not uncommon in farm ponds in temperate regions particularly ponds enriched with fertilizer according to a classic toxicology reference book Casarett and Doull's Toxicology:

Under these conditions one species of alga Anabaena flos-aquae produces a neurotoxin anatoxin-A which depolarizes and blocks acetylcholine receptors causing death in animals that drink the pond water.

Based on circumstantial evidence the most logical explanation for the elk deaths is that on their way back to the forest after feeding in the grassland the elk drank water from a trough containing toxins created by blue-green algae

or cyanobacteria Mower said in a statement from the Department of Game and Fish. The algae-produced neurotoxin is similar to curare the famous toxin found in poison-tipped arrows used by South american indian tribes.

Stromatolites are part biologic and part geologic comprised of living cyanobacteria bound together with nonliving sediments like silt and sand.

and have turned to different feedstocks including switchgrass, the succulent plant jatropha, cyanobacteria and green algae. However, producing biofuels from sugar cane

The plan would mean fewer blooms of blue-green algae and less risk of acidification of the Lower Lakes.

The only way to gain immunity to the deadly miasma is by consuming spirulina called the Viridis a blue-green algae loaded with protein and nutrients.

Spirulina can be cultivated so your mission is to scout this devastated world and scavenge the needed materials to build

Using data supplied by sensors game players will make decisions that affect an actual spirulina farm set in a greenhouse somewhere in the southern Cevennes mountains of France.

Cyanobacteria have been known to cover their coats coloring them green and potentially helping them blend into the rainforests of Central america that they call home.

and turmeric root (a spice used in Indian curry) before settling upon six#Curcumin known as tumeric Isoflavone from soybeans Indo-3-Carbinol from cruciferous plants C-phycocyanin from spirulina Reservatrol from grapes and Quercetin

Instead the hardy Norsemen and early inhabitants of Russia and Canada have called microorganisms cyanobacteria to mostly thank for abundant grasses that attracted game to hunt

Discovering that cyanobacteria in the floodplains were responsible for nitrogen fixation--that is taking it from the atmosphere

whether farmers today might reduce fertilizer use by taking advantage of cyanobacteria that occur not just in the floodplains studied

In these uplands feather mosses create a microhabitat for cyanobacteria which fix a modest amount of nitrogen that mostly stays on site in soils trees and shrubs.

On the floodplains high rates of nitrogen fixation occur in thick slimy black mats of cyanobacteria growing in seasonably submerged sediments and coating the exposed roots and stems of willows and sedges.

'because there are almost impenetrable tangles of willow tree roots in places like a micro version of the tropical and subtropical mangroves that are known to harbor highly active colonies of cyanobacteria Deluca said.

in spite of the dark cold snowy winters of Northern Sweden the cyanobacteria there fix nitrogen at rates similar to those living the life in the toasty sun-warmed Florida Everglades.

The amount of nitrogen provided by the cyanobacteria to unharvested willows and sedges is perhaps a quarter of

Meanwhile cyanobacteria naturally occurring in farm soils aren't fixing nitrogen at all in the presence of all that fertilizer they just don't expend the energy

Although modest in comparison to modern fertilization the observation that cyanobacteria could drive the productivity of these boreal floodplain systems so effectively for so long makes one question

whether cyanobacteria could be used to maintain the productivity of agricultural systems without large synthetic nitrogen fertilizer inputs he said.

Amazing cycling chemistryall cyanobacteria photosynthesize storing the energy of sunlight temporarily in ATP molecules and eventually in carbon-based molecules but only some of them fix nitrogen.

Studies of the evolutionary history of 49 strains of cyanobacteria suggest that their common ancestor was capable of fixing nitrogen

Cyanobacteria that both photosynthesize and fix nitrogen separate the two activities either in space or in time.

The one they've picked as the host Synechocystis 6803 is studied the best strain of cyanobacteria.

The scientists will need to figure out how to connect the transplanted nitrogen-fixing gene cluster to Synechocystis'clock.

Like every cyanobacterium Pakrasi said Synechocystis has a diurnal rhythm. But how to tap into that rhythm we don't know yet.

#Microalgae produce more oil faster for energy, food or productsscientists have described technology that accelerates microalgae's ability to produce many different types of renewable oils for fuels chemicals foods

Walter Rakitsky Ph d explained that microalgae are the original oil producers on earth and that all of the oil-producing machinery present in higher plants resides within these single-cell organisms.

Solazyme's breakthrough biotechnology platform unlocks the power of microalgae achieving over 80 percent oil within each individual cell at commercial scale

Solazyme's patented microalgae strains have become the workhorses of a growing industry focused on producing commercial quantities of microalgal oil for energy and food applications.

Solazyme is able to produce all of these oils in one location simply by switching out the strain of microalgae they use Rakitsky explained.

which algae grow in open ponds Solazyme grows microalgae in total darkness in the same kind of fermentation vats used to produce vinegar medicines and scores of other products.

Instead of sunlight energy for the microalgae's growth comes from low-cost plant-based sugars. This gives the company a completely consistent repeatable industrial process to produce tailored oil at scale Sugar from traditional sources such as sugarcane

and corn has advantages for growing microalgae especially their abundance and relatively low cost Rakitsky said.

Nobles established that several kinds of blue-green algae which are mainly photosynthetic bacteria much like the vinegar-making bacteria in basic structure;

however these blue-green algae or cyanobacteria as they are called can produce nanocellulose. One of the largest problems with cyanobacterial nanocellulose is that it is made not in abundant amounts in nature.

Those drawbacks shifted their focus on engineering the A. xylinum nanocellulose genes into Nobles'blue-green algae. Brown explained that algae have multiple advantages for producing nanocellulose.

Cyanobacteria for instance make their own nutrients from sunlight and water and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while doing so.

Cyanobacteria also have the potential to release nanocellulose into their surroundings much like A. xylinum making it easier to harvest.

In his report at the ACS meeting Brown described how his team already has engineered genetically the cyanobacteria to produce one form of nanocellulose the long-chain

And they are moving ahead with the next step engineering the cyanobacteria to synthesize a more complete form of nanocellulose one that is a polymer with a crystalline architecture.

#Microalgae could be a profitable source of biodieseldinoflagellate microalgae could be used as a raw material to obtain biodiesel easily and profitably.

Researchers at the UAB's Institute of Environmental science and Technology (ICTA-UAB) and the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) have analysed the potential of different species of microalgae for producing biodiesel comparing their growth production of biomass

Their study shows that one type of marine algae that has received little attention till now--dinoflagellate microalgae--is highly suitable for cultivation with the aim of producing biodiesel.

microalgae cultures are close to producing biodiesel profitably even in uncontrolled environmental conditions. If we make simple adjustments to completely optimise the process biodiesel obtained by cultivating these marine microalgae could be an option for energy supplies to towns near the sea points out Sergio Rossi an ICTA researcher at the UAB.

Among these adjustments scientists highlight the possibility of reusing leftover organic pulp (the glycerol and protein pulp that is not converted into biodiesel)

Though similar studies have been done on other alga species dinoflagellate microalgae have shown themselves to be a very promising group that stands out from the rest.

Moreover these microalgae are autochthonous to the Mediterranean so they would present no environmental threat in the event of leakagethird-generation biodieselfirst-generation biodiesel

Not in offshore oil wells but in the water where blue-green algae thrive. The building blocks of blue-green algae#sunlight carbon dioxide and bacteria#are being used by researchers at KTH Royal Institute of technology in Stockholm to produce butanol a hydrocarbon-like fuel for motor vehicles.

The advantage of butanol is that the raw materials are abundant and renewable and production has the potential to be 20 times more efficient than making ethanol from corn and sugar cane.

Using genetically-modified cyanobacteria the team linked butanol production to the algae s natural metabolism says Paul Hudson a researcher at the School of Biotechnology at KTH who leads the research.#

#oewith relevant genes integrated in the right place in cyanobacteria s genome we have tricked the cells to produce butanol instead of fulfilling their normal function#he says.

Hudson says that it could be a decade before production of biofuel from cyanobacteria is a commercial reality.#

#oewe are excited very that we are now able to produce biofuel from cyanobacteria. At the same time we must remember that the manufacturing process is very different from today's biofuels#he says.#

#oefuel based on cyanobacteria requires very little ground space to be prepared. And the availability of raw materials-sunlight carbon dioxide and seawater-is in principle infinite#Hudson says.

He adds that some cyanobacteria also able to extract nitrogen from the air and thus do need not any fertilizer.

The next step in the research is to ensure that cyanobacteria produce butanol in larger quantities without it dying of exhaustion or butanol

There are also plans to develop fuel from cyanobacteria that are more energetic and therefore particularly suitable for aircraft engines.

and the associated runoff will likely lead to a larger-than-average bloom of harmful blue-green algae in Lake erie this summer.

Jeffrey Reutter director of Ohio Sea Grant revealed that he expects a larger-than-average bloom of harmful blue-green algae this year.

Eliminating the blue-green algae that cause the HABS would require a 40 percent reduction in phosphorus

and medicinesbright pink-orange microalgae found in salt lakes and coastal waters could become a renewable source of food plastics health products

and businesses from eight countries including world leading experts in the biochemistry of Dunaliella in large-scale cultivation of microalgae in novel harvesting technologies and in bioprocessing development.

Together they aim to set a world benchmark for a biorefinery based on microalgae. Plans include the largest commercial cultivation of the single-cell organisms in water raceways lakes and photobioreactors.

The project hopes to demonstrate the business case for global investment in algae biorefineries and in large-scale production of microalgae within three years in order to raise investment for the first prototype D-Factory in Europe.

The high salinity and light intensity turns the microalgae orange by producing protective carotenoids. The pink-orange of many salt lakes containing Dunaliella is intensified by the presence of archaea fellow single-celled organisms.**

IOTA is studying the biochemical pathways that produce Dunaliella's essential metabolites--small chemicals synthesised by the microalgae that can form the building blocks of more complex therapeutically useful natural products.

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