gram-negative bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria

Acetobacteraceae (2)
Anaplasmataceae (1)
Bacteroidaceae (8)
Bartonella (8)
Brucella (7)
Campylobacter (27)
Chlamydiales (3)
Enterobacteriaceae (5)
Escherichia (196)
Gram-negative bacteria (3)
Helicobacter (3)
Klebsiella (3)
Pasteurella (1)
Proteus (5)
Pseudomonadaceae (41)
Pseudomonadales (1)
Rhizobiaceae (13)
Rickettsieae (2)
Salmonella (106)
Serratia (1)
Shigella (2)
Veillonellaceae (1)
Vibrio (2)
Xenorhabdus (2)
Zymomona (1)

The Black death, a bubonic plague during the Middle ages caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, killed 30%-60%of Europeans (80%of people in the south of France and Spain) and reduced global population from 450 million to around 350 million.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

Consumers the world over now demand to know where their food comes from and how it is produced.

This summers huge egg recall was the latest reminder that we do battle against dangerous pathogens like E coli and salmonella in our kitchens every day.

and cooking routines after she became ill with E coli that she and her doctors thought she got from bagged lettuce.

when some organic growers were involved in the recall of E coli-tainted spinach. On the other hand there is something reassuring about buying from a small organic farmer at a local stand or farmers market,

which people had died from food-borne illnesses such as e coli and CJD. But today Health Secretary Andrew Lansley will unveil a long-awaited white paper containing plans to abolish it as part of a bonfire of quangos.

The need for better traceability became clear after a national outbreak of salmonella illness in spring 2008 that sickened more than 1, 300 people across the country.

and about 36 million pounds of ground turkey spoiled with salmonella Heidelberg. Consumer Reports released a study last month that found the bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica in 69 percent of 198 pork chop

and ground pork samples bought at stores around the country. Some of the bacteria were resistant to one or more antibiotics.

In the late 1990s, Bayer conducted trials on the product, known as Ropadiar in Europe, comparing its ability to control diarrhea in piglets caused by E coli with that of four of the company s products.

and to ensure that the rodents that carry salmonella and campylobacter are eliminated. You can t just replace antibiotics with oregano oil

and expect it to work, #Mr. Sechler said. Photo credit: Y5 Blogging Via New york times Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati N

Nor were they any less likely to be contaminated by dangerous bacteria like E coli. The researchers also found no obvious health advantages to organic meats.

and turn a color#orange, say, for E coli. Then you could knock it out with a stronger disinfectant. 27.

In fact, many common bacteria (such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and E coli) have developed a resistance to available antibiotics.

In the end, the new corporate structure of our food system has cheapened our diets in a way the world has seen never.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

Consumers the world over now demand to know where their food comes from and how it is produced.

#¢Of the Salmonella on ground turkey, about 78%were resistant to at least one antibiotic and half of the bacteria were resistant to three or more.

#¢Nearly three-quarters of the Salmonella found on retail chicken breast were resistant to at least one antibiotic.

About 12%of retail chicken breast and ground turkey samples were contaminated with Salmonella.#¢#¢Resistance to tetracycline an antibiotic is up among Campylobacter on retail chicken.

About 95%of chicken products were contaminated with Campylobacter, and nearly half of those bacteria were resistant to tetracyclines.

This reflects an increase over last year and 2002. Takeaway: While the FDA dithers with voluntary approaches to regulation, the meat industry is feasting on antibiotics

nervous because it may increase human exposure to salmonella and other foodborne illnesses. More on that tomorrow.

using the E coli bacteria as a reference model, but say the tags can be reconfigured to use for other refrigerated foods, like salad dressing or yogurt.

Compounds in cranberries called proanthocyanidins prevent E coli bacteria which are a common cause of UTIS from adhering to the urinary tract according to a 2001 in the journal Urology as well as a 2000 study in the journal Nutrition.

Images of Things That Make Us Sick 2. Promoting oral and gastrointestinal health The same anti-adhesion ability that works against E coli to help prevent urinary tract infections may also be effective against H. pylori a type of bacteria

Three samples were contaminated with Salmonella according to the study published today (Oct 21) in the journal Pediatrics.

But coliform and salmonella could be coming from elsewhere Keim said. We know from another study that about two-thirds of women who use a breast pump never wash its parts she said.

The latter samples contained bacteria typically found in the mouth such as Veillonella Leptotrichia and Prevotella the scientists found. 8 Odd Facts About Breasts We are not yet able to determine

if these bacteria colonize the mouth of the baby or whether oral bacteria of the breast-fed baby enter the breast milk

-borne illnesses like salmonella. Producers would need to put protective procedures into place at critical points in the production process where problems are likely to arise.

They took E coli that had been isolated from the urinary tract and exposed it to different concentrations of cranberry powder.

when the cranberry powder was present the E coli's ability to swim and swarm dramatically decreased.

Cranberry meets Proteus mirabilis After observing E coli's impaired motility after exposure to cranberries Tufenkji tested the cranberry's effect on another bacteria common to urinary tract infections:

Proteus mirabilis. This study was published in the June 2013 issue of the Canadian Journal of Microbiology.

First just as in E coli the bacteria's ability to swim or swarm across an agar plate embedded with cranberry powder was eliminated almost completely.

Â Cranberry-laced catheters The concentrations of cranberry powder that were effective in disabling E coli

Tests for bacteria showed that one of the treats contained Clostridium difficile one was contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and seven contained E coli.

Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2010 in the journal Pediatrics that an outbreak of salmonella in 79 people between 2006 and 2008 was caused by contaminated dry pet food.

In their research led by Nathalie Tufenkji a professor of chemical engineering they added cranberry derivatives directly to laboratory dishes growing two bacteria mostly commonly associated with UTIS Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.

Tufenkji's earlier work found that chemicals in cranberries called proanthocyanidins (PACS) similarly hindered the gene in E coli responsible for growing flagellar filament.

E coli is the bacterium most associated with nonhospital-acquired UTIS. Women in particular can pick up this bacterium from frequent sexual intercourse;

Scientists at the University of Rennes in Rennes France found that compounds in cranberries could block up to 80 percent of E coli from attaching to the cells lining the urethra in a laboratory setting.

In one of the biggest outbreaks of campylobacter bacteria seen nationally in recent years raw milk from a Pennsylvania dairy farm sickened 148 people in four states in January 2012 according to the report.

Most campylobacter outbreaks involve a dozen or fewer people. The report which details what happened during the outbreak said the dairy that sold the milk had a permit for selling unpasteurized milk

The dairy also tested its own milk for E coli bacteria more often than was required. The vast majority of the sick people drank the milk before its best by date.

and this campylobacter outbreak demonstrates the ongoing hazards of unpasteurized dairy products according to the report authors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments.

Bacteria commonly found in the digestive tracts of farm animals including campylobacter and E coli O157 can easily find their way into milk as it is pumped

and bottled on a farm Powell said. Fecal matter just ends up in the milk it's not like you can see it he said.

Children along with pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems are at high risk of complications from campylobacter infections.

Typically campylobacter infections cause diarrhea abdominal pain and fever that last about a week and most people get better on their own.

The researchers found 530 laboratory-confirmed cases of infections including bacterial infections from Salmonella E coli

and Campylobacter as well as parasitic infections called cryptosporidiosis among Minnesota patients who reportedâ drinking raw milkâ between 2001 and 2010.

which means they can carry pathogens such as Listeria Campylobacter Salmonella Brucella and E coli. Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick Over the past decade consumption of raw milk has resulted in 93 illness outbreaks 1837 illnesses 195 hospitalizations and two deaths according to the Centers for Disease

#Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Cucumbers Sickens 73 An outbreak of Salmonella linked to cucumbers imported from Mexico has sickened 73 people in 18 states according to an announcement today from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.

All patients were sick with a strain of bacteria called Salmonella Saintpaul. Symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning include diarrhea fever and abdominal cramps.

People typically become ill from Salmonella about 12 to 72 hours after eating food contaminated with the bacteria the CDC said.

Consumers should wash all produce including cucumbers before eating cutting or cooking the CDC said Pass it on:

Salmonella linked to contaminated cucumbers has sickened at least 73 people across 18 states. Follow Rachael Rettner@Rachaelrettner. Follow Myhealthnewsdaily@Myhealth mhnd Facebook & Google+.

And turkey can carry salmonella so it's important to cook the bird thoroughly. Food allergies also rear their ugly heads at the holidays.

but were injected with a low dose of E coli bacteria to simulate a mild fever and immune response.

The sulforaphane in broccoli helps keep the stomach bacteria Helicobacter pylori from becoming overgrown or clinging too strongly to the stomach wall.

The organism was E coli O104: H4 a brand-new bacterium that had evolved as a hybrid of two other disease-causing E coli strains.

More than 3500 fell ill 855 developed serious complications and 53 died. Just as in Aberdeen the organism was imported.

We might now be in a position where we could genome sequence E coli 0104: H4 quickly but because it was a new strain the authorities initially confused it for the more prevalent E coli 0157:

H7. When they found this latter bug on the cucumbers they thought they had found the culprit.

The number of sufferers from the UK s number one cause campylobacter has been estimated convincingly at 500000 people each year.

and heart disease and then there's the threat of E coli. We don't recommend eating it. Grass-fed marginally better than grain-fed According to a 2013 Technomic survey a significant percentage of Americans are looking for healthy menu options

Instead the bony nodule held the DNA signature of the bacterium Brucella melitensis the microbe that causes brucellosis.

The Brucella strain that infected the man was a close relative of modern Italian strains the researchers found

They focused on residues of the alcohol-making bacterium Zymomonas mobilis which gives pulque its punch.

Some foods may increase a pregnant woman's risk for other types of food poisoning including illness caused by salmonella and E coli bacteria.

A 2014 Consumer Reports exposã revealed that virtually all 97 percent of chicken breasts in the United states harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella

and E coli transmitted via feces and clearly not fully eliminated by the chlorine. Moreover even after chlorine treatment the meat later can potentially be exposed to pathogens and contaminated.

The species dubbed Edwardsiella andrillae is the first-ever anemone known to live on ice. Transparency is a theme for two other new species. The itsy-bitsy shrimp Liropus minusculus was found in a cave on Santa catalina Island off the coast of California.

Gum disease is caused most often by the species Porphyromonas gingivalis Tannerella forsythiatreponema denticola and Filifactor alocis and these microbes were all present on the teeth of the skeletons with dental disease.

and good activity against E coli the researchers said. The probiotic properties of the lactic-acid bacteria isolated from wine are similar to those of probiotics that come from foods like dairy products such as fermented milk

Recently a team of researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette Indiana developed a cocktail of different phages that was extremely effective against Escherichia coli o157:

They found that the combination eliminated over 99%of E coli O157: H7 on spinach stored at room temperature.

and the lead author of the E coli study. Sulakvelidze added that phage bio-control products are an alternative to chemical washes

and for their ability to limit intestinal pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. In contrast, the Firmicutes bacteria made up less than 70%and just more than 50%of the gut flora in indoor and isolated bred pigs respectively.

a family of bacteria known for their ability to limit intestinal pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella species. By contrast,

a modified Escherichia coli bacterium that can make biodiesel directly from sugars or hemicellulose, a component of plant fibre (see page 559).

and then short-circuited E coli's internal machinery for producing large fatty-acid molecules, enabling them to convert precursor molecules directly into fuels and other chemicals.

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria, is harboured in mammals, birds and even insects. It can trigger abortions in goats and sheep and causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes pneumonia in humans.

The bananas have a gene from green pepper to protect against banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW which costs farmers in Africa's Great lakes region an estimated half a billion dollars every year.

caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, can trigger abortions in goats and sheep and cause flu-like symptoms and sometimes pneumonia in humans.

the cast of the current European Escherichia coli outbreak is already a crowd. Enter the phage.

Pathogenic E coli are passed typically to humans from ruminant animals (cows or sheep) via faecal contamination in the food chain or through consumption of raw milk or meat products.

But how do pathogenic E coli arise in the first place? This is where bacteriophage come in. The bacterium in this outbreak, currently recognised as strain O104:

whose E coli infections develop into haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The genes for the Shiga toxin are not actually bacterial genes,

So when an E coli bacterium gets infected with a Shiga-toxin-producing phage, it becomes pathogenic to humans.

which is why antibiotics are used not usually to treat E coli infections (see'Europe's E coli outbreak:

Massachusetts, studying the molecular pathogenesis of Shiga-toxin-producing E coli in the 1990s. He says they saw Shiga-toxin-producing phage transfer between E coli in response to sub-therapeutic levels of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in vitro and in the intestines of mice.

They do it in the laboratory, he says, but it's hard to show it happens in the environment.

from the European Reference Laboratory for verotoxin-producing E coli in Rome, Italy (verotoxin is another name for Shiga toxin).

Shiga toxins have been causing diarrhoeal disease in humans for centuries the bacterial genus Shigella and the Shiga toxins were named first for Kiyoshi Shiga,

including many strains of E coli. We are seeing more and more Shiga-toxin-producing strains says Alison Weiss, microbiologist at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio.

Not only are more E coli strains being infected with Shiga toxin, but it seems to be moving into different classes of bacteria.

and it shares many genes with enteroaggerative E coli (EAEC) strains. EAEC strains are associated not typically with zoonotic infections,

German E coli outbreak caused by previously unknown strain: Nature Newsthe bacterium responsible for the current outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections in Germany is a strain that has never before been isolated in humans.

The discovery, announced today by the food safety office of the World health organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland,

Patients with E coli infections are treated not typically with antibiotics anyway, because the bacteria are thought to respond to the medication by increasing production of the Shiga toxin,

but Flemming Scheutz, head of THE WHO Collaborative Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella in Copenhagen, suggests that the bacteria might not have originated in the food chain at all.

Eae-negative E coli have been associated specifically with adult infections before although it is still unclear why this particular protein is more effective in adult guts than in those of children.

Gad Frankel, a microbiologist at Imperial College London, suspects that the genome of this strain will reveal more information about the adherence mechanisms of E coli.

The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens which can cause tumours on plants shuttled foreign genes into plant genomes.

And Agrobacterium is not essential either; foreign genes can be fired into plant cells on metal particles shot from a'gene gun'.

Nevertheless, Agrobacterium is still industry's tool of choice for shuttling in foreign genes, says Johan Botterman, head of product research at Bayer Bioscience in Ghent, Belgium.

But Agrobacterium isn't suitable for some new techniques. Many companies are developing'mini-chromosomes'that can function in a plant cell without needing to be integrated into the plant's genome.

unlike the near-random scattering generated by Agrobacterium. In 2009 researchers at Dow Agrosciences in Indianapolis, Indiana,

Yasuo Yoshikuni and his colleagues at the Bio Architecture Lab in Berkeley, California, engineered the bacterium Escherichia coli

So using Vibrio splendidus, a marine microbe that can digest brown seaweed, Yoshikuni and his team isolated a biochemical pathway that breaks down alginate.

They inserted the genes responsible into a strain of E coli, which could then digest the alginate into simple sugars.

This strain of E coli could, in theory, be engineered to produce a variety of other useful chemicals and fuels."

At that time, GM CROPS were engineered nearly always using Agrobacterium tumefaciens a bacterial pest that can insert DNA into plant genomes.

because the lawn-and-garden company developing it did not use Agrobacterium or any other plant-pest DNA to engineer the grass.

He notes that Agrobacterium inserts genes more efficiently than the gene-gun method. Although zinc-fingers are appealing for their specificity

This was used because he Agrobacterium to insert the genes it did not matter to regulators that no trace of Agrobacterium DNA remained in his plants.

A team of researchers compared the genome sequences of nearly 400 samples of diarrhoea-causing Salmonella enterica collected from people and livestock in Scotland.

when global epidemics of drug-resistant salmonella infections began to arise. Livestock was assumed to be the source of the epidemics

The authors therefore suggest that local livestock are not the source of drug-resistant human salmonella outbreaks in Scotland.

Clostridium difficile and drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae are generally infections people get while they are in hospitals from their catheters breathing machines and other invasive equipment.

They found 74 percent of the samples were contaminated with bacteria such as E coli. You just shouldn't feed that raw to a baby the study's leader Sarah Keim of the Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus told Reuters. At least the researchers found none of the samples had HIV.

and his team had reconfigured a Hewlett-packard Deskjet 550c to print with E coli bacteria. Then they graduated to larger mammalian cells farmed from Chinese hamsters and lab rats.

which in turn has E coli that could cause diarrhea and other symptoms. The greatest danger would come from carcasses left long enough that they bloat

They have added also non-routine tests to target the pig situation looking for Streptococcus Salmonella E coli O157 and thermotolerant coliform bacteria.

We have seen more E coli infections recently that can be blamed on animal waste and fertilizers from animal waste which is possibly why buell mentioned them.

Ever hear of e-coli scares in spinach? That has also been linked to livestock/animal waste. http://www. fda. gov/Newsevents/Newsroom/Pressannouncements/2007/ucm108873. htmwash your food and cook it at the correct temperature for the correct amount of time.

Brucellosis is caused by the bacteria Brucella abortus so named because it causes cattle to miscarry their fetuses.

and another part used calves that tested negative for Brucella to establish a small disease-free population that was kept segregated from untested bison.

The program did manage to establish a Brucella-free herd in a research facility and over the last few years bison from that population have occassionally been given away to start new herds on public lands and Native american territories.

and the segregated bison were Brucella-free. Now the park is ready to give away a new installment of healthy bison.

The group genetically engineered E coli bacteria to produce conifer-derived proteins that assemble pinene. Stephen Sarria and Pamela Peralta-Yahya two Georgia Tech researchers who collaborated on the new work published in ACS Synthetic biology broke down the process for Popular Science in four steps:

Second they inserted genes that code for the enzymes into the DNA of E coli (chosen

and one had an unusual pattern of bioactivity against Gram-negative bacteria that suggests a potentially new mode of action.

and found a new bacterium Burkholderia australis that promotes plant growth through a process called nitrogen fixation.

While two of the most abundant bacteria did not have noticeable effects on plant growth Burkholderia australis was doing quite well in competition with other soil bacteria in the environment

Most of those illnesses were caused by contamination of the product with E coli or with species of Salmonella or Campylobacter.

In endorsing a raw-milk cheese ban the statement cited scientific evidence that Escherichia coli 0157 a pathogenic strain of the E coli bacteria that can cause particularly severe symptoms

and has been linked to E coli outbreaks. The statement also encourages pediatricians to lobby their state representatives in support of a ban on raw-milk sales in the states where they live.

#Perfect storm needed for salmonella to spread in postharvest tomatoesuniversity of Florida researchers have gained new insight into produce-associated salmonella that they hope will eventually reduce the number and severity of the illness-causing outbreaks.

what the researchers call a perfect storm for salmonella to proliferate in harvested tomatoes a new study shows.

It remains unclear how much each contributes to salmonella's spread but scientists say understanding the process is key to eventually curbing produce-associated outbreaks.

During the past decade fruits and vegetables have been among the foods most often linked to gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by E coli

and non-typhoidal salmonella the study said. Those outbreaks resulted in public illness and multimillion-dollar losses for the food-crop industry.

Since 2006 at least 16 salmonella outbreaks have been linked to tomatoes cantaloupes sprouts cucumbers mangoes peanut butter and peppers in addition to frozen foods containing plant products.

But UF/IFAS scientists emphasize that less than 1 percent of supermarket produce contains salmonella or E coli and the contamination becomes a problem only when it contaminates other food

or is consumed raw. Gastrointestinal illnesses caused by pathogens such as E coli and salmonella pathogens have been sporadic with scientists struggling to pinpoint exact causes

and their random nature argues for a perfect storm scenario the study said. It is now clear that salmonella

and other human pathogens can contaminate produce at any stage of the production cycle from farm to fork the UF/IFAS study said.

Marvasi said the tomato industry follows strict protocols to prevent microbial food hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables.

Faculty members Max Teplitski George Hochmuth Jerry Bartz and Marvasi all of UF's Institute of food and agricultural sciences wanted to find out which crop production factors are associated with tomato salmonella outbreaks.

and crop and pathogen genotypes affect salmonella's ability to multiply in the fruit. They grew three types of tomatoes--Bonny Best Florida-47 and Solar Fire during three production seasons over two years in Live oak and Citra.

and injected with seven strains of salmonella Marvasi said. Researchers chose those three varieties because in preliminary greenhouse experiments they showed varying degrees of salmonella resistance said Max Teplitski a UF associate professor of soil and water science.

Bonny Best is an heirloom variety often used as a control variety in plant pathogen experiments he said.

The study published by the journal PLOS One showed that particular cultivars combined with drier sunnier conditions work together to increase the chances that salmonella will spread.

Changing irrigation patterns caused little change in the potential for salmonella researchers found. Tomato maturity and cultivar particular strains of salmonella and seasonal differences were the strongest factors affecting proliferation.

And ripe tomatoes were more vulnerable than green tomatoes. Salmonella infection ranks among the most common foodborne illnesses often spread by raw

or undercooked meat poultry or eggs but sometimes results from eating contaminated produce. Symptoms can include abdominal pain fever nausea and vomiting.

In 2008 federal health officials erroneously blamed a salmonella outbreak on domestically grown tomatoes but later said imported contaminated peppers were responsible.

#Probiotics reduce piglet pathogenspiglets fed probiotic Enterococcus faecium showed reduced numbers of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in their intestines according to a team of German researchers.

We found a clear reduction of E coli strains possessing typical genes for extra-intestinal pathogenic E coli (Expec) says Bednorz.

but reduced infections by Chlamydia spp. and pathogenic E coli according to the report. In the study Bednorz and her collaborators compared piglets fed with E. faecium to those in a control group.

They collected more than 1400 samples of E coli from piglets of different ages and from different parts of the intestine.

While a number of strains of E coli are pathogenic non-pathogenic E coli contributes to the maintenance of the microbial gut balance according to the report.

which did not influence the overall intestinal E coli diversity corroborating previous data according to the report.

Thus the researchers conclude the results suggest that E. faecium inhibits pathogenic E coli from becoming attached to the intestinal mucosa.