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The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens which can cause tumours on plants shuttled foreign genes into plant genomes.
And Agrobacterium is not essential either; foreign genes can be fired into plant cells on metal particles shot from a'gene gun'.
Nevertheless, Agrobacterium is still industry's tool of choice for shuttling in foreign genes, says Johan Botterman, head of product research at Bayer Bioscience in Ghent, Belgium.
But Agrobacterium isn't suitable for some new techniques. Many companies are developing'mini-chromosomes'that can function in a plant cell without needing to be integrated into the plant's genome.
unlike the near-random scattering generated by Agrobacterium. In 2009 researchers at Dow Agrosciences in Indianapolis, Indiana,
At that time, GM CROPS were engineered nearly always using Agrobacterium tumefaciens a bacterial pest that can insert DNA into plant genomes.
because the lawn-and-garden company developing it did not use Agrobacterium or any other plant-pest DNA to engineer the grass.
He notes that Agrobacterium inserts genes more efficiently than the gene-gun method. Although zinc-fingers are appealing for their specificity
This was used because he Agrobacterium to insert the genes it did not matter to regulators that no trace of Agrobacterium DNA remained in his plants.
and gets nitrogen in return The bacteria called Rhizobium enter the root cells of young plants
When Anã and his colleagues looked closer they found that rhizobium symbiosis also employs mechanical stimulation.
We propose the purpose is to apply mechanical stimulation so the plant will start building a home for the rhizobium--for mutual benefit.
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