Weakens the immune systemtick-bites in sheep may result in the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) induced by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. ph). TBF causes high fever
The direct cause of death due to TBF is often an acute pasteurella infection--a bacterial disease
We were surprised also a few samples contained salmonella said Sarah A. Keim Phd principal investigator in the Center for Biobehavioral Health.
We found that bacteria from the Pseudomonas family in particular Pseudomonas extremorientalis are salt-resistant and grow close to the roots where they compete with other bacteria for colonization.
Here Pseudomonas produce antibiotics that plants use to defend themselves against fungi trigger the rooting process
To better exploit these useful bacterial strains the Uzbek microbiologist has come up with a technique that allows the selective enrichment of Pseudomonas strains.
and cell biology at Rice to make use of two tailored forms of E coli bacteria created by Rice graduate student Chen Ye.
Unlike the fungi that use this communication method in soil the E coli could be grown in clear agar gels in a petri dish
which meant the E coli on that side had trouble hearing the sender Silberg said. That upheld our hypothesis which was that biochar could interfere with cell signaling most likely by binding with the fatty-acid molecules that the speakers were using to broadcast their message.
#Model to study human response to bacteria that cause peptic ulcers developedresearchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech have developed a new large animal model to study how the immune system interacts with the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori the leading
#Vaccinating cattle against E coli could cut human cases of infection by 85 percentvaccinating cattle against the E coli O157 bacterium could cut the number of human cases of the disease by 85%according to scientists.
The research was lead by a team of researchers at the University of Glasgow in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh the Royal Veterinary College Scotland's Rural College Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish E coli O157/VTEC
and molecular data to examine the risks of E coli O157 transmission from cattle to humans
The risk of E coli O157 infection is particularly significant when the cattle are'super-shedding'--excreting extremely high numbers of bacteria in their feces for a limited period of time.
E coli O157 is a serious gastrointestinal illness. The economic impact is also serious--for instance studies in the US suggest that healthcare lost productivity
and food product recalls due to E coli O157 can cost hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Treating cattle in order to reduce the number of human cases certainly makes sense from a human health perspective
In Scotland an average of 235 culture positive cases of E coli O157 infection per year (i e. people who had the organism in their stools) were notified to Health Protection Scotland from 2008 to 2012.
This is problematic because E coli O157 does not harm cattle and assessing the impact of treatment involves coordination between human and veterinary health practitioners.
and E coli bacteria have joined forces to turn tough waste plant material into isobutanol a biofuel that matches gasoline's properties better than ethanol.
Escherichia coli meanwhile is relatively easy for researchers to genetically modify. James Liao's lab at the University of California-Los angeles provided E coli bacteria that had been engineered to convert sugars into isobutanol.
The Lin group put both microbe species into a bioreactor and served up corn stalks and leaves.
Meanwhile the E coli use the sugars without offering the fungus anything in return which makes it a cheater.
The researchers can control E coli's advantage by tweaking how quickly the bacteria grow. Minty and others in Lin's group are now trying to improve on their energy conversion rate
and increase the tolerance of the T. reesei and E coli to isobutanol. The fuel is toxic
Tufenkji and members of her laboratory report that cranberry powder can inhibit the ability of Proteus mirabilis a bacterium frequently implicated in complicated UTIS to swarm on agar plates
A genome-wide analysis of an uropathogenic E coli revealed that expression of the gene that encodes for the bacteria's flagellar filament was decreased in the presence of cranberry PACS.
and Materials Engineering finds that cranberry-enriched silicone substrates impaired the spread of Proteus mirabilis. Those results published online in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B:
according to a small-scale study by researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciencesof 100 whole chickens purchased from farmers markets 90 percent tested positive for Campylobacter
and 28 percent harbored Salmonella. By comparison during the same period 20 percent of raw whole organic chickens purchased from grocery stores were found to contain Campylobacter bacteria and 28 percent tested positive for Salmonella.
Just 8 percent of raw whole nonorganic conventionally processed chickens from the grocery stores tested positive for Campylobacter and 52 percent of those contained Salmonella.
Overall the chickens purchased at the farmers markets carried higher bacterial loads than the birds purchased at grocery stores.
The fact that the chickens from farmers markets had much higher levels of Campylobacter and Salmonella indicated that there's something else going on Cutter said.
So Josh developed a survey for poultry vendors with questions focused on processing methods as well as food safety practices.
Bacteria that cause foodborne illness such as Campylobacter and Salmonella are destroyed by proper cooking of poultry products;
UC Davis researchers analyzed the water samples for microbial and nutrient pollution including fecal indicator bacteria fecal coliform E coli nitrogen
However the U s. EPA states that E coli are better indicators of fecal contamination and provide the most accurate assessment of water quality conditions and human health risks.
#Factors that influence spinach contamination pre-harvest determineda team of researchers from Texas and Colorado has identified a variety of factors that influence the likelihood of E coli contamination of spinach on farms prior
E coli contamination of spinach on farms in Colorado and Texas was 172 times more likely
As E coli is used commonly as an indicator of fecal contamination with food-borne pathogens the practice of hygiene--availability of portable toilets
The researchers assayed 955 spinach samples from 12 farms in the two states finding that generic E coli was present on 63 of them (6. 6 percent.
Madslien found a high prevalence of bacteria of the genus Bartonella spp. both in the moose's blood and in the keds themselves.
Whereas moose outside the distribution range of the ked were infected with only one type of Bartonella bacterium moose inside the distribution range were infected with two different Bartonella bacteria.
These findings indicate that moose are a reservoir for Bartonella spp . and that deer keds act as vectors for Bartonella bacteria infections.
However it is not yet clear to what degree these bacteria can cause disease. Measuring the stress hormone cortisol in the moose's coat was used as a method for appraising the long-term effect of the deer ked on the health
In the aftermath of a deadly 2006 Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 outbreak traced to California spinach growers
#Biofilm helps Salmonella survive hostile conditionsvirginia Tech scientists have provided new evidence that biofilms--bacteria that adhere to surfaces
and build protective coatings--are at work in the survival of the human pathogen Salmonella. One out of every six Americans becomes ill from eating contaminated food each year with over a million illnesses caused by Salmonella bacteria according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Finding out what makes Salmonella resistant to antibacterial measures could help curb outbreaks. Researchers affiliated with the Fralin Life science Institute discovered that
in addition to protecting Salmonella from heat-processing and sanitizers such as bleach biofilms preserve the bacteria in extremely dry conditions
and again when the bacteria are subjected to normal digestive processes. The study is now online in the International Journal of Food Microbiology
We have discovered that Salmonella in biofilms survive on dried foods much better than previously thought
Outbreaks of Salmonella associated with dried foods such as nuts cereals spices powdered milk and pet foods have been associated with over 900 illnesses in the last five years.
because the dry nature of the product stops microbial growth Most people expect to find Salmonella on raw meats
In moist conditions Salmonella thrive and reproduce abundantly. If thrust into a dry environment they cease to reproduce
Researchers tested the resilience of the Salmonella biofilm by drying it and storing it in dry milk powder for up to 30 days.
Salmonella survived this long-term storage in large numbers but the biofilm Salmonella were more resilient than the free-floating cells treated to the same conditions.
The bacteria's stress response to the dry conditions also made it more likely to cause disease.
Biofilms allowed the Salmonella to survive the harsh acidic environment of the stomach increasing its chances of reaching the intestines where infection results in the symptoms associated with food poisoning.
Since the 1970s Brown and colleagues began focusing on Acetobacter xylinum (A. xylinum) a bacterium that secretes nanocellulose directly into the culture medium
Other members of the Acetobacter family find commercial uses in producing vinegar and other products.
and his team managed to remove the ability of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganism to resist the antibiotic medication tetracycline by limiting its access to food and oxygen.
and E coli which carries resistant genes directly from animals through their feces into the environment.
and/or oxygen through successive generations they found that in the absence of tetracycline both microbes dumped the resistance plasmid though not entirely in the case of E coli.
Of 175 very-low-birth-weight infants 23 (13 percent) developed sepsis from gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococci Streptococcus and Enterococcus species and gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli
(E coli) as well as species of Klebsiella Enterobacter Pseudomonas and Serratia. Late-onset sepsis commonly occurs in about 22 percent of very-low-birth-weight babies the United states
and seven (27 percent) were contaminated with Escherichia coli including one tetracycline-resistant sample. The number of treats sampled was small
The next step in the experiment is to test how pigs given R. opacus react to an immune challenge such as Salmonella.
#Poultry vaccination responsible for dramatic fall in Salmonella infectionsmass poultry vaccination programmes introduced to combat Salmonella infections have led to a dramatic fall in the number of cases since the late 1990s according to a researcher at the University of Liverpool.
Salmonella are borne important food pathogens worldwide causing diarrhea vomiting nausea fever and abdominal pain. There are currently around 6 million cases of illness from Salmonella across the EU each year the majority
of which are linked to food items such as eggs chicken beef pork salad vegetables and dairy products. Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
which peaked in 1993. A raft of control measures were introduced into the poultry industry including movement restrictions compulsory slaughter
Code of Practicelegislation requiring compulsory slaughter of poultry infected with Salmonella has now been revoked but the mass vaccination of poultry has continued by those breeders subscribing to the Lion Quality Code of Practice
The code of practice requires mandatory vaccination of all young hens destined to lay Lion eggs against Salmonella as well as traceability of hens eggs
Sarah O'brien Professor of Epidemiology and Zoonoses from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health attributes a dramatic fall in the number of Salmonella cases in humans to this mass vaccination programme in poultry.
We have seen a marked decline in the number of incidents of Salmonella infection shown by two significant studies conducted 10 years apart.
It is probable that no single measure contributed to the decline in Salmonella cases but the relationship between vaccination programmes and the reduction in human disease is compelling
Laboratory reports of human Salmonella cases in the UK 1981 to 2010--Health Protection Agency;
From the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli contained in a human urine sample the scientists retrieved 90 per cent of the genome in one go.
and bacteria that damage the plant itself or bacteria like the Shiga-toxin producing E coli O104:
In 2011 Germany France and The netherlands experienced an outbreak of E coli that was traced ultimately to the consumption of contaminated sprouts
and gets nitrogen in return The bacteria called Rhizobium enter the root cells of young plants
In looking for biofuels microbes in the cow rumen we found that Prevotella bryantii a bacterium that is known to efficiently break down (the plant fiber) hemicellulose gears up production of one gene more than others
The team focused on two of these human microbes Bacteroides intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus which belong to the same bacterial phylum as Prevotella from the cow.
We expressed the human gut bacterial enzymes and found that for some related enzymes the human ones actually were more active (in breaking down hemicellulose) than the enzymes from the cow Cann said.
These lactic acid bacteria have now been tested on severe human wound pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among others.
The first tetracyclines discovered in the late 1940s ushered in a new class of powerful antibacterial agents to treat high-mortality diseases among them anthrax and plague as well as such bacterial infections as chlamydia syphilis and Lyme disease.
salmonella and campylobacterâ#Koppel said. These bacteria lead to many cases of foodborne illness and we need a better understanding of food handling practices to find the risky behaviors that may lead to contamination.
When Anã and his colleagues looked closer they found that rhizobium symbiosis also employs mechanical stimulation.
We propose the purpose is to apply mechanical stimulation so the plant will start building a home for the rhizobium--for mutual benefit.
In the study the essential oil killed several strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E coli) known to the U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as non-O157 STEC.
Through genetic testing scientists identified the disorder as being caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. The disease is most likely spread by wind-driven rain
whether the bacteria Ralstonia eutropha maintains its ability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in microgravity. A biodegradable polyester created by bacterial fermentation PHA can be used to make things such as skin grafts and valve replacements
#Foodborne bacteria can cause disease in some breeds of chickens after allcontrary to popular belief the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is not a harmless commensal in chickens
The main implication is that Campylobacter is not always harmless to chickens. This rather changes our view of the biology of this nasty little bug says Paul Wigley of Institute for Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool an author on the study.
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in the world and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate it affects approximately 1 3 million people per year in the United states. Chicken is the most common source of infections.
This suggests that chicken breed has little direct effect on the risk of Campylobacter entering the food chain
The most important finding says Wigley is that Campylobacter infection directly impacts broiler chicken health and welfare.
As Campylobacter is common or even endemic in these industries then the scale of the impact on animal health is clear to see.
While produce farmers have optimized procedures to prevent the spread of salmonella E coli and other common pathogens and illnesses the listeria outbreak really opened the eyes of a lot of people in produce that sanitation is a very important step
#Better methods to detect E coli developedkansas State university diagnosticians are helping the cattle industry save millions of dollars each year by developing earlier and accurate detection of E coli.
and Jianfa Bai assistant professor in the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory are leading a project to improve techniques for detecting pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E coli O157:
and quantify major genes specific for E coli O157. Developing a method to detect E coli before it can potentially contaminate the food supply benefits the beef industry by preventing costly recalls
but also benefits the consumer by ensuring the safety of the beef supply Noll said. The newly developed test is a molecular assay
or research laboratory to accurately detect E coli and can help with quality control in cattle facilities.
and more sensitive ways to detect these pathogens of E coli in cattle feces. To develop the diagnostic test Noll
and soil sciences in UD's College of Agriculture and Natural resources has identified a naturally occurring microbe living right in the soil around rice plants--Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105--that inhibits the devastating fungus known as rice blast.
and colleagues Spence Donofrio and Vidhyavathi Raman showed that Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 strongly inhibited the formation of the appressorium and that priming rice plants with EA105 prior to infection by rice blast decreased lesion
These bacteria were tested then in the laboratory with Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 demonstrating the strongest impact on rice blast.
Bais points out that although hydrogen cyanide is produced commonly by pseudomonad bacteria the antifungal impact of Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 appears to be independent of cyanide production.
This summer he and his colleagues will conduct field trials using Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 on rice plants grown on the UD farm.
Discovery on Ice Edwardsiella andrillae Location: Antarctica A species of sea anemone living under a glacier on the Ross Ice shelf in Antarctica raises questions by its very existence.
and ripen certain raw milk cheeses also appeared to be protected by a complex microbial biofilm limiting contamination by redoubtable pathogens such as Salmonella Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli o157/H7 and Staphylococcus aureus.
The findings show how a simple mechanism allows an insect the pea aphid to regulate the manufacturing of essential nutrients supplied by its symbiotic bacteria called Buchnera aphidicola.
To help answer this question the researchers looked at amino acids that are fundamental to the pea aphid-Buchnera symbiotic function.
which is made in Buchnera and it's deficient in the pea aphid's diet. Glutamine is ferried across a membrane that surrounds the cells where the bacteria lives by an amino acid transporter named Apglnt1.
Benign bug beats salmonella; tomato eaters winscientists from the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified a benign bacterium that shows promise in blocking Salmonella from colonizing raw tomatoes.
Their research is published ahead of print in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. When applied to Salmonella-contaminated tomato plants in a field study the bacterium known as Paenibacillus alvei significantly reduced the concentration of the pathogen compared to controls.
Outbreaks of Salmonella traced to raw tomatoes have sickened nearly 2000 people in the US from 2000-2010 killing three.
Since the millennium this pathogen has caused 12 multistate outbreaks of food-borne illness--more than one each year.
which Salmonella thrives says coauthor Eric W. Brown also of FDA but we knew that
if we could block Salmonella from infecting the tomato plant we could reduce its risk of infecting the person who eats the tomato.
or chemically destroy Salmonella says Zheng. After screening many hundreds of potential biocontrol strains of bacteria that were isolated from farms
and/or destroy Salmonella in our test assays. Many of these were as pathogenic to humans as is Salmonella
but two isolates belonging to the environmentally friendly species P. alvei strongly inhibited growth of Salmonella.
This bacterium also has known no history of human pathology making it a great candidate as a biological control agent says Zheng.
and other crops that have lately been responsible for outbreaks of food-borne Salmonella and E coli.
The work focused on bacteria known as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 which can ruin tomatoes as well as Arabidopsis.
which is resistant to infection by Pseudomonas syringae. The Missouri and PNNL groups compared levels of metabolites in Arabidopsis to those in the mutant mkp1 form of the plant.
The same molecular machinery employed by Pseudomonas syringae is used also by a host of microbes to cause diseases that afflict people including salmonella the plague respiratory disease and chlamydia.
The genes made a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria resistant to one of four types of antibiotics--beta-lactams (like penicillin) aminoglycosides (like kanamycin) tetracycline or chloramphenicol.
#Pathogenic E coli binds to fresh vegetablesfood-poisoning outbreaks linked to disease-causing strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli are associated normally with tainted meat products.
Research presented today at the Society for General Microbiology's Annual Meeting in Liverpool shows that the disease-causing E coli O157:
Researchers from the James Hutton Institute in Scotland have identified that E coli O157: H7 uses whip-link structures on its surface known as flagella--typically used for bacterial motility--to penetrate the plant cell walls.
E coli bacteria lacking flagella were unable to bind to the plant cells. Once attached the E coli are able to grow on and colonise the surface of the plant.
At this point they can be removed by washing although the researchers showed that a small number of bacteria are able to invade inside the plant where they become protected from washing.
The group have shown that E coli O157: H7 is able to colonise the roots of both spinach and lettuce.
The researchers believe that the E coli O157: H7 bacteria use the same method of colonising the surface of plants as they do when colonising the intestines of animals.
While outbreaks of vegetable-associated E coli outbreaks are rare in the UK as a result of strict control measures at all stages of the food chain from plough to plate they do still occur as was seen in 2013
and cutting boards remain a source of transmission for multi-drug resistant bacteria such as E coli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLS).
but these findings suggest that transmission of drug-resistant E coli occurs both in the hospital
These samples were tested for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae a family of gram-negative bacteria that includes Salmonella E coli and Klebsiella.
In testing the cutting boards researchers found that 6. 5 percent of hospital cutting boards used in preparation of poultry were contaminated with ESBL-producing E coli.
For boards used in households researchers found ESBL-producing E coli on 3. 5 percent of these surfaces.
They also found that 50 percent of the hospital kitchen gloves were contaminated with this drug-resistant E coli.
#Reducing E coli in cows, improving food safetya new biological treatment could help dairy cattle stave off uterine diseases
Jeong said it may someday be possible for chitosan microparticles to be used to help humans who have become ill from consuming E coli-contaminated food
E coli are everywhere including the human gut but can contaminate beef unpasteurized milk soft cheeses made from raw milk
and raw fruits and vegetables that haven't been washed properly The most recent outbreak of meat-traced E coli was in 2010 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
These include some Clostridia and some E coli. When these compounds are absorbed by the body they lessen the inflammation of cardiovascular tissue reducing the long-term risk of stroke said John Finley Ph d. who led the work.
and tested the tags using E coli (food-spoiling bacteria that cause gastrointestinal problems) in milk as a reference model.
In our antibacterial studies we have been testing honey's activity against E coli Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among others.*
Without these trash bins the Escherichia coli bacteria they serve would die. And thanks to Rice the how is becoming clearer.
One such biomachine is Ftsh a membrane-bound molecule in E coli made of six protein copies that form two connected hexagonal rings.
Probably the best example of this interaction is the discovery that IBS symptoms develop in up to 10 percent of previously healthy subjects after a single episode of gastroenteritis caused by an infection through bacterial pathogens like Salmonella Shighella or Campylobacter
and regulations for the reuse of wastewater they present only threshold concentrations for bacteria such as E coli not viruses.
E coli has also been a problem historically and continues to be on an industry-wide basis said James Pettigrew.
The researchers conducted two experiments to test the beneficial effects of adding plant extracts to pig diets to combat PRRS and E coli.
In both experiments half of the pigs in each dietary treatment were challenged with either E coli
E coli a bacterial illness of the gut is marked by diarrhea decrease in appetite decrease in body weight and in some cases a higher mortality rate.
E coli is especially dangerous post-weaning as pigs adapt to new feed and new environments Pettigrew said.
The pigs in the study challenged with E coli that had been fed any of the three plant extracts had a lower frequency of diarrhea (20 percent) than the pigs fed the control diet (40 percent.
The pigs fed plant extracts were more efficient (40 percent) in feed use than the pigs fed the control diet in the E coli-challenged group
because feeding plant extracts reduced the inflammation caused by E coli and the PRRS virus. In production animals inflammation is costly.
In a paper published this week in the journal PLOS ONE the researchers demonstrate that a small piece of sapwood can filter out more than 99 percent of the bacteria E coli from water.
Picking the right plantfinally the team flowed inactivated E coli-contaminated water through the wood filter.
Counting the bacterial cells in the filtered water the researchers found that the sapwood was able to filter out more than 99 percent of E coli from water.
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