See go. nature. com/byj4u8 for more. MIT hacked again The website of the Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT) in Cambridge was hacked on 22 Â January for the second time in a week.
See go. nature. com/gciolp for more. Stem-cell reforms California s US$3-billion stem-cell agency the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in San francisco is to reform its governance structure to minimize conflicts of interest,
See go. nature. com/ztij7r for more. Emissions profits Airlines that fly to and from Europe may have profited by up to  1. 36  billion (US$1. 83  billion) last year by raising air fares to cover costs
See go. nature. com/epwshp and page 587 for more. Biodiversity panel The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity
See go. nature. com/5phncw for more. Genomicist dies David Cox, a pioneering genomicist and senior vice-president at the UK-based drug firm Pfizer, died on 22 Â January.
and indexing massive amounts of research data. go. nature. com/e2cn8o7-8 february In Brussels, European union states meet again to negotiate the region s budget for 2014-20,
Talks broke down last year. go. nature. com/2kq2ua
Coffee rust regains footholdwhere there is coffee, there is coffee rust. But the long stalemate between growers and the fungus behind the devastating disease has broken with the fungus taking the advantage.
and its results are published in Nature this week1. Extracting a record of the Eemian was a challenge:
according to the authors of a study reporting the findings in the January 17 issue of Nature.
Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group. But quantifying the properties of superhard materials is a tricky business,
A number of scientific studies have linked neonicotinoids to adverse effects on bee colonies (see Nature video)
EFSA did not respond to Nature's enquiries concerning these allegations. The European commission welcomed the EFSA's assessments.
Santa cruz Biotechnology declined Nature s request for an interview, but stated by e-mail that"all animals maintained at the ranch are reported annually to the  USDA,
See go. nature. com/ouwpo2 for more. Poland GM ban The Polish government on 2 Â January imposed a ban on the cultivation of two genetically modified GM CROPS:
See go. nature. com/8te55t for more. US food safety On 4 january, the US Food and Drug Administration released the first of its long-awaited proposals for protecting food safety.
The company is embroiled in intellectual-property disputes with two other firms in a prenatal genetic testing market potentially worth billions (see Nature 486
-and-gas giant BP (see Nature 491,501; 2012). ) It includes $150 Â million each for the National Academy of Sciences and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation,
which this year is held jointly with the inaugural International Water Summit. go. nature. com/1b68r116-18 january Experts on gravitational waves discuss frontiers in the field at a meeting in Seoul. go. nature. com/jugqyh
The study is published in Nature today1. The researchers went on to assess how this had affected ecosystems.
since 1972 (see Nature 494,13-14; 2013), nor Japan s Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 Â to be launched later this year have sensors that can measure forest biomass with the precision of Biomass, for example.
and the solar monitoring and aerosol mission Glory (see Nature http://doi. org/bqjhn7; 2011).
and his co-authors supplied to Nature, they seem to fall within the highest risk areas for H5n1.
An international team of researchers compiled maps for Nature showing the population densities of chickens, pigs, ducks and humans in many parts of China and throughout Asia.
One map supplied to Nature by the researchers shows, they note, that eastern China the epicentre of the current H7n9 outbreaks is one of the world's busiest hubs for airline traffic.
and colleagues point out in a World view in Nature this week, The first human case of H7n9 outside Mainland china is perhaps only a matter of time.
has backed the use of a mixture of conventional and renewable energy sources to meet demand (see Nature 494,409-410;
See go. nature. com/xgnin4 for more. Rocket launch The Antares rocket built by Orbital Sciences of Dulles, Virginia,
See go. nature. com/b6oeoz for more. Lawsuit settlement Cancer researcher Philippe Bois has settled a lawsuit against the US Department of health and human services (DHHS) over scientific misconduct, according to an announcement on 18 Â April.
See go. nature. com/yxeciw for more. Natasha Gilbertafrican agriculture African farmers must use sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies to reverse rising hunger levels across the continent,
See go. nature. com/czdx9k for more. US$674 billion The amount spent last year finding
Maryland. go. nature. com/wfnyw227-30 april Flu pandemics, the resurgence of measles and antimicrobial resistance are discussed all at the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
and Infectious diseases meeting in Berlin. go. nature. com/jyfhwf
Europe debates risk to beesdebate over neonicotinoids has become fierce. Conservation groups and politicians in the United kingdom and Europe have called for a ban on their use,
No one from DEFRA was available to talk to Nature. Goulson and others say that intensive environ  mental monitoring of neonicotinoids
and Policy in Minneapolis. As Nature went to press, 24 human cases, including 8 Â deaths,
Researchers working on the molecular biology of the virus say that it seems to derive from a reassortment of genetic material from at least three known bird-flu groups (see Nature http//doi. org/k4j;
See nature. com/scipublishing for Nature s special on open access and the future of publishing.
See go. nature. com/z23dot for more. Aurora Photos/Alamyus waterways in bad shape More than half of US rivers and streams are in a poor environmental condition,
See go. nature. com/ymiwgi for more. Deep-sea dive The film-maker James cameron is donating his deep-sea submersible to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts,
See go. nature. com/hhsks8 for more. NICE head departs The head of the National Institute for Health
See go. nature. com/37lsu2 for more. Yasuyoshi Chiba/FAOLOCUST plague The worst locust plague to hit Madagascar in decades prompted the United nations on 26 Â March to call for US$41 Â million in funding from donors to implement immediate emergency and longer
was in a critical condition as Nature went to press. See go. nature. com/cpusui for more.
Patent blocked India s Supreme court ruled on 1 Â April against an attempt by Swiss drug company Novartis to patent the anticancer drug Gleevec (imatinib mesylate.
See go. nature. com/csqesi for more. GM crop deal Two agricultural biotechnology giants agreed on 26 Â March to settle a lengthy legal battle over patent rights to next-generation genetically modified (GM) soya beans.
and"the increasing dominance of first-year ice in the Arctic. 6-10 april Discussions on mapping the epigenomes of cancer take place at the American Association for Cancer Research s annual meeting in WASHINGTON DC. go. nature. com
Louisiana. go. nature. com/xgylsf8-19 april The United nations Forum on Forests meets in Istanbul, Turkey;
it will discuss progress on a 2007 commitment to manage forests sustainably. go. nature. com/potx5i
Laura Leon/Polaris/eyevineendangered ecosystems get listed The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on 8 may updated the criteria for its Red List of Ecosystems (D. Â A. Â Keith et
As Nature went to press, genetic testing was under way to determine the virus s origin. The only other countries that have recorded wild poliovirus cases in 2013 are Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria,
See go. nature. com/x43baq for more. Neuroscience goal Researchers met for the first time to begin planning the US National Science Foundation s part in the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies initiative an ambitious bid to understand the brain s signals
See go. nature. com/xgsrwa for more. Campus upset University college London (UCL) announced on 7  May that it has abandoned plans to build a £1-billion (US$1. 54-billion) campus on a site in east London that is currently a residential estate.
See go. nature. com/uil764 for more. Source: HEIDI LARSON/LANCET INFECT. DIS. An online media surveillance tool can track concerns
See go. nature. com/zsavjr for more. Satellite launch China has launched the first in its series of next-generation civilian Earth-observing satellites.
and death of stars (see Nature 495, 151-152; 2013). ) Helium sales US legislators voted on 26 Â April to continue selling federal helium gas reserves.
See go. nature. com/12bxfm and page 6 or more. HCFC deal China will receive up to US$385 million over the next 17 Â years from the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol to stop industrial production of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCS.
See go. nature. com/5rzlbk for more. Pesticide ban In an effort to protect bees,
See Nature 496 408 (2013) and go. nature. com/apvdlf for more. Hannah Hoagfreshwater lifeline Ontario s government threw a lifeline to Canada s Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) on 24 Â April.
Funding shortages led the Canadian government to close the freshwater research facility (pictured) in March.
See go. nature. com/q39xpw for more. Hepatitis drug A new hepatitis-C drug sofosbuvir, has been found to be highly effective in clinical trials.
See go. nature. com/fpasug and page  18 for more. GM salmon Genetically modified (GM) salmon have moved one step closer to US grocery stores.
The case is touted as the first time that a scientist has gone to trial over an accident in a US academic lab. See go. nature. com/738hpf for more.
See go. nature. com/4mught for more. Source: ORITHE office that oversees misconduct investigations involving US-government-funded biomedical researchers has seen the number of allegations it has received since 2001 rise by 216%.
Canada. go. nature. com/enai636-8 may Darmstadt, Germany, hosts the first international meeting on research into ocean colour science:
and other activity from colour. go. nature. com/ubntid
Transgenic salmon nears approvalin the remote highlands of Panama, in tanks protected by netting, barbed wire and guard dogs, swim the world s most expensive
but it will be close. nature. com/gmcropsfor the firm that developed the fish, Aquabounty Technologies of Maynard, Massachusetts,
Ian Boyd, talked to Nature about why he thinks the cull is scientifically sound, what else will be needed to control this disease and
"This paper would be in Nature or Science if it were about people, says Richard Prum, an evolutionary ornithologist at Yale university in New haven, Connecticut."
the agency told Nature. David Whytetar drip drops After 69 years of waiting, scientists in Ireland captured the first video footage of a tar-pitch droplet s plop earlier this month.
demonstrates the fluid nature of tar, or asphalt, which appears to be solid at room temperature.
See go. nature. com/wbngvw for more. China tremors Two earthquakes rocked an area near the city of Dingxi in Gansu province, northwest China, on 21 Â July.
with some exceptions for work promising"major therapeutic progress for serious diseases (see Nature 469,277;
to reduce costs for consumers (see go. nature. com/9afdee). The move is expected to lower the price of carbon from about US$23 a tonne to around $6 a tonne beginning in July 2014,
See go. nature. com/f7nt6k for more. EPA delay ends The US Senate voted on 18 Â July, after a 133-day delay,
The wait is faced the longest by any chief in the EPA s 43-year history (see Nature 497,418-419;
See go. nature. com/usayrh for more. EU pesticide ban The European union (EU) is set to ban the insecticide fipronil from use in agricultural fields,
who in 1952 was convicted of gross indecency under anti-homosexuality legislation (see Nature 482,441; 2012).
and go. nature. com/vkaxty for more. Source: UK Home Officethe number of research procedures involving animals in the United kingdom has continued to rise,
See go. nature. com/t9z6uk for more. 28 july-1 august Scientists discuss conflicts between humans and wildlife at the 50th annual conference of the Animal Behavior Society in Boulder,
Colorado. go. nature. com/qjdgeh29 July-6 August The American Physical Society will discuss plans for high-energy physics at a meeting in Minneapolis,
go. nature. com/7yiv5p29 July-2 August The meteor that exploded over Russia in February is on the agenda at the Meteoritical Society s annual meeting in Edmonton,
Canada. go. nature. com/gtbpqv
Deadly pig virus slips through US bordersthe pathogen, a type of coronavirus called porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV),
home on its eastern end to the 24,000-hectare Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve declared a region of international ecological importance by the Ramsar Convention, a global wetland-conservation treaty.
because officials did not want to compromise the city s image with a building project inside a nature reserve.
after scientists warned that production of some biofuels drives land clearance that can lead to greater greenhouse-gas emissions than from fossil fuel (see Nature 499,13-14;
despite public opposition following the Fukushima nuclear accident (see Nature http://doi. org/ckcr86; 2011).
See go. nature. com/qkxiar for more. Myriad back in court One month after the US Supreme court invalidated gene patents held by Myriad Genetics of Salt lake city, Utah,
Texas. Both firms had announced that they would provide BRCA testing in the wake of the Supreme court ruling (see Nature 498,281-282;
See go. nature. com/pyze44 for more. Red rover NASA s next Mars explorer will be a leaner
See go. nature. com/au5ewk for more. Research restart Research on the rinderpest virus is set to resume after being off limits since 2011,
and Chemistry of the Earth s Interior. go. nature. com/9cbgun  21-25 july Current research in viral ecology,
Germany. go. nature. com/h7nzes
Hunt for mystery GM wheat hots upit has been nearly three months since an Oregon farmer discovered unapproved transgenic wheat in a commercial wheat field,
In its heyday, the disease the only one other than smallpox to be eradicated from nature killed hundreds of millions of cattle, mainly in Europe, Asia and Africa
In the latest study, published in Nature, Johnston s team related the RXFP2 genes of 1, 750 sheep to three factors:
Nature http://dx. doi. org/10.1038/nature12489; 2013). ) Males with one or two copies of the Ho+allele had the biggest horns.
See go. nature. com/jqccur and page 253 for more. Space fence down Citing the US federal budget cuts known as sequestration,
NASA launched the US$855-million Landsat  8 probe in February (see Nature 494,13-14;
Ambry replied that Myriad s patent claims were invalid in light of a June ruling by the US Supreme court that human genes cannot be patented (see Nature 498,281-282;
In May, atmospheric concentrations of the gas surpassed 400 Â parts per million at NOAA s Mauna loa Observatory in Hawaii (see Nature 497,13-14;
go. nature. com/zrthim22 August US federal agencies reach the deadline to file their proposals for increasing public access to federally funded research,
set by the Office of Science and Technology Policy in WASHINGTON DC (see Nature 494,414-415;
A computer calendar glitch probably caused the craft to fail (see go. nature. com/yupxju.
which is designed to show the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a power source (see Nature http://doi. org/nwq;
See go. nature. com/jnkee3 for more. Election results Angela Merkel triumphed in Germany s parliamentary elections on 22 Â September to secure a third term as the country s chancellor.
See page  461 and Nature 501,289-290 (2013) for more. Climate closures Australia s new government is shutting the Climate Commission,
See go. nature. com/c2m4tn for more. Russian vote On 18 september, Russia s lower house of parliament approved controversial reforms to the Russian Academy of Sciences.
See go. nature. com/8zqqme for more. Ira Wyman/Sygma/Corbisnobel laureate dies David Hubel, a Nobel-prizewinning neuroscientist who mapped the brain s visual system,
Tang tested the health benefits of Golden Rice genetically modified to produce a Vitamin a precursor on children in China s Hunan province (see Nature http://doi. org/nv9;
Tufts also said that the participants were informed not adequately about the genetically modified nature of the rice.
See go. nature. com/ic77ff for more. US research boost The US government has allocated US$53 million to create 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science in the next year,
Among the selected projects is a $33-million trial to test preventive treatments in at-risk adults (see Nature 489
See go. nature. com/htxqji for more. Source: UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 2013in 2012, some 6. 6 million children died before reaching their fifth birthday.
But nature s plants are not blameless: agricultural land is responsible for about 14%of the world s greenhouse-gas emissions, slightly more than the global contribution from planes, trains and automobiles.
many of the avian exterminators were living in small scraps of unprotected woodland, rather than in big nature reserves.
Nature has learned about some of the options in the running, out of the dozens of proposals expected.
and in July 2012 one failed followed by another in May (see go. nature. com/4w1ufr).
"The whole culture in wildlife biology and conservation circles has been that you can t approximate Mother Nature,
Her team's study is published today in Nature Climate Change6. Chris Thomas, a biologist at the University of York, UK, notes that the overall rate of movement is quite similar to that found in a meta-analysis he led on the movement of wild species1."
"But we should be more careful in the way we use them in nature
Gallery: Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2013essence of elephants'by Greg du Toit depicts the animals at night.
and in the past few years Peru has mapped the carbon in its part of the Amazon (see Nature 461,1048-1052;
Nature interviewed behavioural ecologist Peter Wrege of the The Cornell Lab of Ornithology at Cornell University in Ithaca, New york,
but researchers told Nature that it is likely to be a near-record year. Across the world
add up to a similar number (see go. nature. com/4xyeln). Both numbers, however, should be regarded with caution
chair of the elephant specialist group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
See go. nature. com/apxlsn for more. Asian unicorn A rare antelope-like animal called the saola has been caught on film for the first time in 15 years.
See Nature 484,424-425 (2012) and go. nature. com/yerkoh for more. Philippe MASCLET/Masterfilms/Airbusgiant ash cloud tests sensor for aircraft Sensors to detect volcanic ash have moved closer to widespread use on commercial airlines following flight tests involving the world s
biggest artificial ash cloud (pictured. The Airborne Volcanic Object Imaging Detector (AVOID), developed by Nicarnica Aviation in Kjeller, Norway,
The test cloud was created on 30 Â October by spraying particles collected from Iceland s Eyjafjallajã kull volcano into the air off the west coast of France (see Nature 502,422-423;
once there, it will carry out a one-year nominal mission (see Nature 503,178; 2013). ) Japan emissions Japan has scaled back its commitment to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, according to news reports on 15 Â November.
See Nature 503,174-175 (2013) and page 311 for more. Brain implant Patients with epilepsy who fail to respond to medications could benefit from a newly approved brain implant.
and death a target that seems unlikely to be met (see Nature 502, 271-272; 2013).
See Nature 494,410-411 (2013) and go. nature. com/zxikwx for more. Biofuel rules The US Environmental protection agency proposed reducing requirements for the use of biofuels on 15 Â November
citing technical difficulties in meeting the current standards. The proposal would require that biofuels make up 9. 2%of the US transportation fuel supply in 2014, down from 9. 74%in 2013.
See go. nature. com/geeup9 for more. Science educator Microbiologist Ann Reid will be the new head of the US National Center for Science Education (NCSE) in Oakland, California.
who has led the organization for 27 years (see Nature 497,287-288; 2013). ) Broad investment American philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad announced on 14 november a US$100-million investment to continue funding biomedical research at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
and have contributed already a further $500 Â million (see Nature 455,149; 2008). ) Breakthrough drug The US Food
See go. nature. com/w5xfjo for more. Source: C.  Southan et  al. PLOS ONE 8, e77142 (2013) The number of potential drug leads disclosed in patents each year has plummeted over the past seven years.
a constellation of satellites that will study Earth s magnetic field for four years. go. nature. com/rxaaur24-27 november Science for global sustainable development is the theme of the sixth World Science Forum,
water security and bioenergy. go. nature. com/cxmbqf
Departing head of biotech institute defends GM field trialsmaurice Moloney has led Rothamsted Research in Harpenden, UK,
Moloney spoke to Nature about his time in the United kingdom. I was over in Canada and
I would defend very strongly the idea that we should invest in research that is motivated entirely by curiosity around nature.
Hawaii (see Nature 497,13-14; 2013). ) Biology preprints Life scientists have a new website for sharing research papers before journal publication.
See go. nature. com/u5kntz for more. Fat ban On 7 november the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed eliminating most artificial trans-fats forms of fat associated with increased heart risk from processed foods.
was released for public comment last week (see go. nature. com/3rqcn4). Major research funders and institutions, coordinated by the London-based group Understanding Animal Research, say that they want to be more open about how animals are used in research.
nuclear physicists told Nature. Separately, a forensic analysis of exhumed Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, released on 8 Â November,
See go. nature. com/mpdrjd and go. nature. com/5jqggr for more. Climate politics Republican Kenneth Cuccinelli lost his bid on 5 Â November to become the next governor of Virginia,
in an election that highlighted scientific issues. As the state s attorney-general, in 2010 Cuccinelli launched an investigation of climate scientist Michael Mann.
013 (see Nature 498,15-16; 2013) and an asteroid-hunting telescope called Arkyd that raised $1. 5 Â million.
California (see go. nature. com/3fembu). 18 november NASA s MAVEN mission to Mars is scheduled to launch.
the International Energy Agency holds its biennial meeting to set new strategic priorities. go. nature. com/qrjmcg
which the planet warmed, says research published today in Nature Geoscience1. Francisco Estrada, an ecological economist at the Free University in Amsterdam,
The wild Asian banana Musa acuminata malaccensis the genome of which was published last year (A. Â D Hont Nature 488,213-217;
in line with moves in India and Brazil in recent years (see Nature 500, 266; 2013.
See go. nature. com/wmeet2 for more. Massive ivory burn Hong kong is set to incinerate a huge stockpile of about 30 tonnes of seized ivory, following a unanimous decision by the Endangered Species Advisory Committee on 23 Â January.
See go. nature. com/ib2fpa and Nature http://doi. org/q8g (2014) for more. Rabbit rescue China s moon rover has run into major trouble, according to a report on 25 january from state-run news agency Xinhua.
since landing on the Moon last month (see Nature 504, 336; 2013. Scientists are working to resolve the problem,
Last spring, the United states reported its first case (see Nature 499,388; 2013), and the virus has
Nature Commun. 5 3089; 2014. The researchers hope that by isolating the antiatoms from the strong magnetic fields used to create
grant applications, patents and other activities (see Nature 485,564; 2012). ) Biotech blues Biotechnology company Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) has lost its chief executive, Gary Rabin,
See Nature http://doi. org/q8f (2014) for more. Google thinks deep Google has purchased the London-based artificial-intelligence company Deepmind,
and computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton (see Nature 505,146-148; 2014). ) The company may use artificial intelligence to improve picture tagging, voice recognition and search engines.
and go. nature. com/4ts2qb). The group will advise the agency on sustainable development, including issues of food and water security,
prevalence and mortality. go. nature. com/x39hvk
Plant killers protect rainforest diversityvoracious pests may be foes of individual plants, but they can benefit forests.
which harnesses the phenomenon of gravitational lensing (see Nature 497,554-556; 2013). ) The tremendous gravity of large foreground clusters in this case,
a class of pesticide linked to declines in bee populations (see Nature 496,408; 2013). ) At Louisiana State university in Baton rouge, researchers will assess the long-term risks to bees from chemicals used in large-scale mosquito-abatement programmes.
and analysis (see go. nature. com/hdfzbi for more). Novartis s Japan unit has acknowledged the complaint on its website.
the computer that famously won against human competitors in a quiz show in 2011 (see go. nature. com/u783dz).
and medical care in countries affected by AIDS (see Nature 457,254-256; 2009), received a five-year reauthorization in December 2013.
when previous head Marcia Mcnutt resigned (see go. nature. com/eyn4uu). Kimball has worked also as an assistant professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville,
less than four months after Wayne Clough announced plans to retire as the institution s leader (see Nature 501,467;
See page 269 for more. go. nature. com/ivxmmo22 January The European union is set to unveil a package of long-term climate and energy goals and proposals
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011