Many observers had expected the conference to continue down the path towards voluntary climate commitments that was paved at the climate summit in Copenhagen two years ago (see Nature 479,291-292;
And in answer to growing demands to consider agriculture as a separate sector within the UN climate framework (see Nature 479
Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues have submitted similar work to Nature,
and Nature to publish only the broad conclusions of the two studies, and not to reveal the scientific details,
in a statement jointly published in Nature and Science3, 39 flu researchers declared a 60-day pause in the creation of lab mutant strains of the H5n1 avian flu virus. The hiatus,
such measures could boost global crop production by 1-4%.The United nations Environment Programme explored the potential gains in a detailed assessmentlast June (see go. nature. com/4wcwxf).
South africa, delayed setting new targets for emissions reductions (see Nature 480,299-300; 2011). ) Bilateral or multilateral agreements can help to pay for cleaner fuels
or operate such an instrument until at least 2020 (see Nature 479, 18-19; 2011). ) Two rival US projects, the Thirty Meter Telescope and the Giant Magellan Telescope, hope to earn some backing from the government agency,
See go. nature. com/cksmj6 for more. Beijing smog Residents of China's capital can expect to get more realistic assessments of the city's air quality.
See go. nature. com/ubvjvq for more. People MMR lawsuit Disgraced medical researcher Andrew Wakefield is suing The british Medical Journal (BMJ), its editor Fiona Godlee,
the latest version of the Ion Personal Genome Machine that it launched late in 2010 (see Nature 475,278;
See go. nature. com/qjoqfn for more on hepatitis C drugs. Teva rethink Israeli pharmaceutical firm Teva, the world's largest maker of generic drugs, may shift its focus towards branded medicines after it announced a new chief executive.
and report cases of resistance (see Nature http://doi. org/cshmhv; 2011). ) Although it is accepted widely that overusing antibiotics can be a major driver of resistance in microbes,
Vallat told Nature.""There is no control and this is a major risk to animal and human health
Weaver and Swart tried to answer this question in a recent commentary in Nature Climate Change1.
See go. nature. com/uzkmay for more. Nuclear cleanup The Japanese government has threatened to withhold about ¥1 trillion (US$12. 8 billion) in rescue funds for the private company that runs the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,
See go. nature. com/tws1oz for more. BUSINESS Biosimilars rules Drug-makers keen to sell generic forms of branded biological drugs such as enzymes and antibodies were excited to finally see draft guidance on the matter emerge from the US Food and Drug
so it is much harder to copy drugs based on them than small-molecule drugs (see Nature 449,274-276;
instead saying that it would judge on a case-by-case basis. See go. nature. com/nhbvik for more.
See go. nature. com/srl2fb for more. LHC schedule On 13 february, operators of the world's most powerful particle accelerator announced their plan for its 2012 run,
See go. nature. com/xivplh for more. Denisovan genome The complete genetic sequence of an extinct relative of humans the Denisovan was posted online (see go. nature. com/vvtcfi) on 6 february,
allowing others to download the data while the work awaits formal journal publication. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, mapped every position in the genome an average of 30 times, improving on the 1. 9-fold coverage in their 2010
Nature 468 1053-1060; 2010). ) A 30,000-50,000-year-old finger bone found in the Denisova Cave, southern Siberia,
See go. nature. com/w3evow for more. PEOPLE China science prize Chinese physicist Xie Jialin, who pioneered the building of China's first high-energy linear particle accelerator in 1964,
See page 289 for more on the flu-virus debate. go. nature. com/pf7bwv20-24 february Marine scientists'responses to the Gulf of mexico oil spill in 2010 are discussed among topics at the Ocean Sciences Meeting in Salt lake city, Utah
The Nature analysis"highlights a global problem: lack of data, says Ian Brown, head of avian virology and mammalian influenza at the Animal health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency lab in Weybridge, UK.
Nature analysed the records of nonidentical sequences from all subtypes of avian and pig flu deposited in the US National Center for Biotechnology Information s Influenza Virus Sequence Database between 2003 and 2011.
Nature also looked at where the sequences come from (see The geography of sampling. The picture that emerges is worse than some experts had thought.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists both species as data deficient because scientists know so little about their populations or habitat.
Prosser told  Nature that he hoped the report s findings would balance the public debate over the plan,
Laurance told Nature. These forests were left out of the moratorium because they had previously been logged
A study published today in Nature Communications suggests that the latter is more likely, and that the effect is significant.
The authors of the Nature Communications study hypothesize that cows display fewer symptoms because the fluke alters their immune response.
Researchers are also wary of engaging in a continuing arms race with nature.""A number of analysts feel that such an approach is sighted short
and Shell did not respond to Nature's questions. In the past decade growing concerns about climate change, rising energy consumption and dependence on foreign oil  have prompted countries
The link is suggested today in a Nature Correspondence by a US undergraduate student with a broad interdisciplinary background and a curious mind1.
Santa cruz, was listening to the Nature podcast when he heard about a team of researchers in Japan who had found an odd spike in carbon-14 levels in tree rings.
or heard of were religious texts and'chronicles'that listed kings and queens, wars and things of that nature.
Jonathon Allen discusses his discovery with the Nature podcast team. Scientists in the field are impressed.
John Jeremiah published an article in Nature that referred to the same wording from the Anglo-saxon Chronicle.
The Nature podacst team talks to Richard Evershed about finding 7, 000 year old milk in clay jars."
which will examine high-energy X-rays produced at the thresholds of black holes (see Nature 483,255;
See go. nature. com/dcye8k for more. Chinafotopress/Gettychina celebrates space-station success In a milestone for China s space programme,
by 2020 (see Nature 473,14-15; 2011). ) The mission carried China s first female astronaut, Liu Yang.
See go. nature. com/f5qkka for more. Marine reserves Australia s government has unveiled its final plans to create
Researchers were worried by draft proposals last year (see Nature 480,14-15; 2011), but the plans released on 14 Â June addressed their concerns by including small but significant extensions to the reserve boundaries,
See go. nature. com/vnq8fw for more. US research thrift Research universities in the United states need to become more efficient and more productive, a 14 Â June report from the US National Academies urges.
See go. nature. com/6ppdtj for more. Fisheries reform Europe s attempts to overhaul its much-criticized fisheries policy took a step forward at a meeting in Luxembourg on 12 Â June.
See go. nature. com/tn8oea for more. Ocean acidity The International atomic energy agency (IAEA), based in Vienna,
Unethical research A US court has dismissed a lawsuit by Guatemalan citizens against US officials over American researchers who intentionally infected Guatemalans with sexually transmitted diseases in the 1940s (see Nature 482
See go. nature. com/1ffh6l for more. W. Greenblatt/Sygma/Corbisnobel chemist dies Organic chemist William Knowles (pictured), who shared the 2001 Nobel prize in Chemistry,
See go. nature. com/ukgegy for more. GM soya levy The biotechnology giant Monsanto is one step closer to losing billions of dollars in revenues from its genetically modified (GM) Roundup Ready soya beans in Brazil.
See go. nature. com/mowmyh for more. Fossil smuggling A nearly complete tyrannosaurid fossil that sold for US$1 million was smuggled illegally out of Mongolia
marine scientists plan out an international network to monitor the acidification of the oceans. go. nature. com/lopgt6
China's emissions estimates don't add upthis week in Nature Climate Change, Guan, an expert in sustainability science at the University of Leeds, UK,
which is published today in Nature Communications1.""One-size-fits-all policies, like bed nets, are great,
President Dilma Rousseff vetoed a dozen sections of the revamped forest code passed a month earlier by the lower house of Brazil s National Congress (see Nature http://dx. doi. org/10.1038
/nature. 2011.9584; 2011). ) Although Rousseff denied environmentalists push for a full veto, she removed many of the bill s contentious provisions,
The two sides are bracing for another battle as the reviews move forward. nature. com/rio20the politicized dispute is precisely
See go. nature. com/rzkbwg for more. Romania plagiarism Two investigations into the case of alleged plagiarism by Romania s prime minister, Victor Ponta, have reached opposite conclusions,
Ponta is accused of copying large sections of his 2003 Phd thesis on the International Criminal court (see Nature 486
and paste large sections of his thesis. See go. nature. com/mfm8x8 for more. Science education US President Barack Obama announced a plan on 17 july to create a corps of exceptional,
See go. nature. com/fhslei for more. Child study revamp  Leaders of the US National Children s Study have released a revised design for the ambitious effort to track influences on the health of 100,000 American children from before birth to age 21.
See go. nature. com/immsvq for more. Gene therapy Europe s drugs regulator has recommended for the first time a gene therapy for approval.
See go. nature. com/ieekkp for more. Sequencing prize A US$10-million contest to sequence the genomes of 100 Â centenarians in 30 Â days has its first entrant:
See go. nature. com/vtcifa for more. Gene patents redux A court ruling that allows companies to patent DNA was challenged again in a WASHINGTON DC appeals court hearing on 20 Â July.
because they were based on laws of nature (which cannot be patented in the United states). See go. nature. com/8pklwr for more.
Journalism award Freelance journalist Stephen S. Hall last week won the American Geophysical Union s Walter Sullivan award for Excellence in Science Journalism-Features
Nature 477,264-269; 2011), which examined why seismologists were placed on trial after an earthquake devastated L aquila, Italy, in 2009.
See go. nature. com/ouxnfg for more. 29 july-3 august Europe s largest congress on plant science takes place in Freiburg, Germany;
and genetically modifying plants to feed the world s population. go. nature. com/m128l22 August The governing board of the Cancer Prevention
that were sidelined in March amid controversy over the institute s review process (see Nature 486,169-171;
) go. nature. com/qzpdov
The legacy of Lonesome Georgeeven in death, Lonesome George s star power burns brightly. After the iconic giant tortoise died last month,
Last week, Nature joined experts in Puerto Ayora on the island of Santa cruz for an international workshop dedicated to the memory of Lonesome George. The meeting aimed to galvanize efforts to prevent the loss of other Galapagos tortoise
In 2008, Ecuador was the first country in the world to amend its constitution explicitly to grant basic rights to nature and its inhabitants.
will be a single set of recommendations that can be delivered to the Galapagos National park. The meeting also began work to review the status of the Galapagos tortoises on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of threatened species
His research has focused on the fundamental nature of the relationships between plants and insects and the development of tools for managing insect pests.
Two months into his new role Ramaswamy chatted with Nature about NIFA research, working with a tight budget,
See go. nature. com/beu3ww for more. NIH funding The US National institutes of health (NIH) will fund an initiative to help extramural researchers to diagnose mysterious maladies
See go. nature. com/7cspmy for more. Obesity pill The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new weight-loss drug on 27 june
See go. nature. com/vajfqe for more. Pharma closure About 1, 000 Â jobs are to be lost with the closure of pharmaceutical company Roche s research site in Nutley
See go. nature. com/yuiw8v for more. Health act upheld The US Supreme court on 28 Â June voted narrowly in favour of upholding the Patient Protection
See go. nature. com/nrdjp2 for more. Nuclear restart Japan restarted its first nuclear reactor at the Ohi plant in Fukui prefecture, on 1 july despite last-ditch protests against its reopening (see go. nature. com/tjylu4.
Another Ohi reactor unit should also start this month. All of Japan s 48 other working reactors remain shuttered after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011.
See go. nature. com/5iizko for more. Journalism awards Helen Pearson Nature s chief features editor, last week won the Association of British Science Writers best feature award for her article Study of a lifetime (Nature 471,20-24;
2011). ) And in Britain s Online Media Awards (for all forms of journalism), Nature s website and Twitter feed both won commendations.
Source: Belfer Centerseveral years of high prices are driving what could be the largest surge in global oil production
five of the world s largest societies for studying evolution and ecology team up for their first joint congress on evolutionary biology. go. nature. com/hwsqna11-15 july Europe s largest
In a statement, the RSPO told Nature that it was prepared to act in serious cases of environmental negligence,
See go. nature. com/gc9i9v for more. www. climatewatch. noaa. gov/imagesus swelters in hottest month ever July was the hottest month ever recorded in the United states
See go. nature. com/g94jrm for more. Agent orange The United states launched an effort on 9 august to clean up dioxin-contaminated soil left over from the Vietnam war at a former American airbase near Da Nang city, Vietnam.
and resulting in a death toll reported at more than 300 people as Nature went to press.
See go. nature. com/r6zcy8 for more. Development work The United nations said on 9 Â August that it is to set up a global network of research centres,
See go. nature. com/z75z8k for more. Russia s space woes Failures in Russia s space launches have drawn the ire of the country s prime minister.
See go. nature. com/adhb1u for more. Battery rescue A123 Systems a leading US manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, may have found a solution to its financial woes.
See go. nature. com/lyzvfe for more. Drug-discovery split Irish pharmaceutical company Elan is to split into two,
go. nature. com/wchcxn; go. nature. com/hyzgdfthe US Department of agriculture predicted on 10 Â August that the nation s maize (corn) yields would drop to a 17-year low in 2012-13 (see chart),
after a catastrophic drought that has scorched fields and sent food prices soaring. The Food and agriculture organization of the united nations has suggested that the United states suspend biofuel production from maize,
although no firm date had been set as Nature went to press. www. nasa. gov/msl19-23 august The American Chemical Society holds its autumn meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
focusing on materials for health and medicine. go. nature. com/tej8lw23-25 august The brain s connectome
saying in a statement to Nature:""Different studies can come to different results, depending on the assumptions used.
See go. nature. com/3zwwq5 for more. India s Mars hopes The Indian cabinet has approved a small,
which has led to many major air carriers refusing to fly primates bound for research centres (see Nature 483,381-382;
) PETA says that China Eastern is the only major airline now known to be flying primates out of China the country that last year transported more than 70%of the primates bound for US labs. See go. nature. com/ckhq93
See go. nature. com/t7am4p for more. Mars landing NASA announced on 6 Â August that its Mars rover,
See page 137 and nature. com/curiosity for more. Higgs papers Researchers at ATLAS and the CMS, the two main physics experiments at the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, Switzerland, posted their papers describing a new Higgs-boson-like
See go. nature. com/ivkhou for more. Olympic biology The UK government plans to transform the London Olympics drug-testing laboratory in Harlow into a national bioanalytics centre,
See go. nature. com/bzrzkc for more. D. PARKER/SPLBERNARD Lovell dies Physicist and radio astronomer Bernard Lovell
See go. nature. com/2dn9hu for more. Cold fusion death Electrochemist Martin Fleischmann who claimed to have discovered cold fusion,
See go. nature. com/cinowb for more. GM patent win One of the largest ever US patent settlements saw biotechnology giant Monsanto awarded $1 Â billion on 1 Â August in a dispute with chemical company Dupont
000) treatment (see Nature 476, 376-377; 2011). ) Dendreon hopes to market the vaccine in Europe by 2013.
See go. nature. com/jj2sky for more. Dark Energy Survey Collaboration/FERMILABFIRST light for dark-energy lens A camera designed to hunt for signs of dark energy
The images from the Dark Energy Survey camera (Nature 489,190-191; 2012), which is mounted on the 4-metre Blanco telescope in Chile,
See go. nature. com/ya5y2p for more. Arctic drilling stops Plans to drill for oil
See go. nature. com/zynxtq for more. Stem-cell funds The European parliament s legal committee has recommended that research involving human embryonic stem cells should not be funded in the European union s upcoming Horizon 2020 research programme.
which ruled on ethical grounds last October that treatments based on such cells were not patentable (see Nature 480,310-312;
See go. nature. com/m38bnp for more. Rainforest threat Deforestation is on the rise again in the Brazilian Amazon.
See go. nature. com/b7ej2p for more. Immigration bill The US House of representatives rejected a bill on 20 september that would have granted permanent residency commonly referred to as green card status to 55
See go. nature. com/hatvjq for more. Arsenic in rice Two US reports have reignited worries about arsenic poisoning from rice
See go. nature. com/puezou for more. Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State Univ. AZT-maker dies Jerome Horwitz, the chemist who inadvertently created the first antiretroviral drug for AIDS,
See go. nature. com/8mkgnf for more. Cancer ambitions A leading US cancer centre said last week that it will spend up to US$3 Â billion over the next ten years on a programme to significantly increase the odds of surviving eight cancers.
See go. nature. com/lrevbl for more. XMRV ruled out The retrovirus XMRV is linked not to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS
See go. nature. com/vadrb7 for more. Source: nsidcarctic sea-ice coverage reached the lowest point of this year s summer melt on 16 Â September, the US National Snow and Ice Data center in Boulder,
In a written response to Nature s questions, Sà ralini and Jo  l Spiroux de Vend Â'mois,
But today in Nature Communications1, Kermode and her colleagues describe how they avoided these modifications.
but research published today in Nature Neuroscience1 reveals the first example of reversible changes to DNA associated with behaviour.
But these mutations cannot fully account for the deadly nature of the transmitted Sw/1204 viruses.
and showed to Nature, found illegal saw mills operating in the area, as well as freshly felled logs.
P. B o. Warjri, chief secretary of the government of Meghalaya, told Nature that Gill s claims are"not true.
and go. nature. com/5orvaa for more. Phones and tumours Italy s highest civil court has stated that mobile phones can cause brain tumours to the dismay of medical experts who say no study has proven a clear causal link between health risks
See go. nature. com/bg6zly for more. Biodiversity cash Wealthy nations have agreed to double their support to developing countries for protecting biodiversity
See go. nature. com/ugsflc for more. Biofuels rethink The European commission launched an overhaul of its biofuels policies on 17 Â October,
and concerns that biofuels may produce greater greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels (see Nature http://doi. org/bmssn7;
See go. nature. com/xhgytb for more. Forest-code veto President Dilma Rousseff once more exercised her veto before finally signing off the long-delayed revision of Brazil s forest code into law on 17 october.
which badgers can transmit to cattle (see Nature 490,317-318; 2012) but it will now take place no sooner than next summer.
See go. nature. com/aizbax for more. India GM concerns Prospects for growing genetically modified (GM) food crops in India receded further
See go. nature. com/kovfrc for more. Stem-cell bid Tom Okarma and Michael West
See go. nature. com/tihbe6 for more. Diet-pill concern Europe s drug regulators have recommended against approving a diet pill recently cleared for sale in the United states. The European Medicines Agency s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
See go. nature. com/mkqsbc for more. Waldrappteamiconic ibis shot A bird that had been reared hand by researchers as part of a project to save a rare species of ibis was killed by poachers in Italy on 13 october.
See go. nature. com/4buekb for more. Vostok lifeless? No native microbes were found by an early analysis of the ice on the drill used by a Russian team to penetrate Lake Vostok, a body of water buried deep under Antarctica s ice, in February.
See go. nature. com/cpe12m for more. UK animal research A poll released on 19 Â October by Ipsos Mori suggests that 63%of people in the United kingdom support animal experimentation where there is no alternative a drop
See go. nature. com/lspaam for more. Chimp haven The US National institutes of health (NIH) said on 17 Â October that it will send 20 Â chimpanzees to permanent retirement in a federally funded sanctuary by August 2013 double the number it announced last month.
See go. nature. com/pytbbu for more
Primates were always tree-dwellersprimates love to climb and most make their homes high up in the branches of trees,
and human consumption (see Nature 467,259; 2010), yet the agency has announced still not a final decision.
including chickens engineered to be resistant to the bird-flu virus. A BBSRC spokesperson told Nature:"
probably making it useless for cloning (see Nature 456,310-314; 2008). ) GM study slammed A study claiming that rats fed Monsanto's genetically modified NK603 maize (corn) or its companion glyphosate-based herbicide,
See go. nature. com/cbbiah for more. Fracking furore The US Environmental protection agency (EPA) said last week that data provided by the US Geological Survey were consistent with its December 2011 finding that the use of hydraulic fracturing
but industry officials continue to question the source of the contamination. see go. nature. com/xzorhp for more. UK funding boost The UK government will add £200 million (US$321 million to a fund to promote research partnerships between universities and industry,
Stapel resigned from his post last year after he was found to have fabricated data in some 30 published papers (see Nature 479
Nature went to press before the chemistry prize was awarded, but full details will be available at go. nature. com/5yjkul.
Genius grants The Macarthur Foundation headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, selected its fellows for 2012 on 1 october.
The awards, popularly known as genius grants, come with no strings attached as to how the money is spent. see go. nature. com/ru2vgy for more.
The Ohio Supreme court had found on 18 september that the society's 2002 lawsuit against Leadscope was"objectively baseless (see Nature 489,482-483;
As Nature went to press, the Dragon craft was due to dock with the space station on 10 october.
its Falcon 9 rocket was designed to handle such a problem. see go. nature. com/rvdn4f for more.
but in April ESA lost contact with Envisat, the one satellite providing such data (see Nature 484,423-424;
Nature takes a closer look. Customs officials announced on Tuesday that they had confiscated 1, 500 pieces of tusk at Port Klang, on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia.
The red list of threatened species, drawn up by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, lists African elephants as vulnerable."
She suggests that Neolithic people might have curdled their milk with bacteria that are found in nature, resulting in a clumpy version of modern mozzarella.
Tang did not respond to Nature s request for comments. Tufts University spokeswoman Andrea Grossman said in an official statement that"it would be premature for Tufts University to reach any conclusions before investigations currently underway in the United states are completed.
See go. nature. com/mhxel5 for more. GM study rebutted A final review by the European Food safety Authority (EFSA
has rejected the findings of a controversial paper published in September (see go. nature. com/3slkys) claiming that rats fed genetically modified maize (corn) showed adverse health effects,
and"does not meet acceptable scientific standards is in line with both the EFSA s initial review published in October (see go. nature. com/rypoy5) and assessments by six European union member states.
and major depression (see Nature 482,14-15; 2012). ) The manual is slated to be published by May 2013.
or scientific review (see go. nature. com/ctjei4). The finding comes on the heels of months of controversy about an $18-million unreviewed CPRIT grant to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston (see Nature 486,169-171;
2012). ) Two strikes rule The US National institutes of health has said that it will continue an unpopular policy that prevents grant applicants from resubmitting rejected proposals more than once.
and go. nature. com/pkskun for more. Gene-patent justice The US Supreme court said on 30 Â November that it would reexamine the question of
See go. nature. com/jbqdxl for more. Stem-cell ruling In a landmark decision, the German Federal court of Justice ruled on 27 Â November that patents may be granted on human embryonic stem cells
See go. nature. com/ttnvqa for more. Funder concessions The Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Britain s biggest public funder of physics
The announcement follows protests by scientists in May (see Nature 488,20-22; 2012). ) Science down under The Australian government published its National Research Investment Plan on 28 Â November.
says a 28 Â November report issued by the committees investigating him (see Nature 479,15;
and go. nature. com/6z6u1a for more. Neurologist leaves Sidney Gilman, a neurologist at the University of Michigan in Ann arbor implicated in insider trading,
See go. nature. com/n8tnbi for more. Source: Policy Curesglobal funding for work on neglected diseases totalled US$3. 32 billion in 2011,
7 december Climate negotiators end a fortnight of debate at the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Doha. go. nature. com/wnhovv12 December British scientists start 100
buried under more than 3 Â kilometres of ice (see Nature 491,506-507; 2012). ) www. ellsworth. org. uk
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