Synopsis: Physics & astronomy:


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or $20 said Manfred Milinski an evolutionary biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany who was involved not in the study.


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#Cold war Nuclear Radiation Creates Anti-Poaching Tool (ISNS)--Radioactive carbon atoms created during 20th-century nuclear bomb tests could help save elephants

and other endangered species. A new study published in this week's issue of the journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that carbon-14 a radioactive version of the common carbon atom can be used to determine

Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics. Ker Than is a freelance writer based in Southern California i


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But according to Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity which explains how gravity operates in the universe real-life time travel isn't just a vague fantasy.</

</p><p>Traveling forward in time is an uncontroversial possibility according to Einstein's theory. In fact physicists have been able to send tiny particles called muons which are similar to electrons forward in time by manipulating the gravity around them.

That's not to say the technology for sending humans 100 years into the future will be available anytime soon though.</

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/39159-time-travel-with-wormhole. html target=blank>Wormhole Is Best Bet for Time machine Astrophysicist Says</a p></p><p>Crocodiles


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In a new study physicists weighed antimatter in an effort to determine how this strange cousin of matter interacts with gravity.</


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></p><p>A century-old physics question had scientists and mathematicians in knots until two researchers at the University of Chicago annihilated them.</

</p><p>Dustin Kleckner a postdoctoral scientist and William Irvine an assistant professor of physics used a tank of fluid to generate a vortex loop a structure similar to a smoke ring.

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27657-knotted-vortices-unravel-truths-for-physicists. html target=blank>Physicists Undo Century-Old Gordian knot</a p><p></p


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</p><p>Physicists announced on July 4 2012 that with more than 99 percent certainty they had found a new elementary particle weighing about 126 times the mass of the proton that was likely the long-sought Higgs boson.

</p><p>If physicists do succeed in creating black holes with such energies On earth the achievement could prove the existence of extra dimensions in the universe physicists noted.</


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This damage changes how the plant appears in infrared and near-infrared images which could be captured in drone airplane imagery.

More precise imagery could also allow farmers to target pesticides just to the plants that need them reducing how much ends up in the food supply Anderson said.


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Cretaceous period plants One of the hallmarks of the Cretaceous period was the development and radiation of the flowering plants.


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience i


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#Do'Smarter'Dogs Really Suffer More than'Dumber'Mice?(Op-Ed) Marc Bekoff emeritus professor at the University of Colorado Boulder is one of the pioneering cognitive ethologists in the United states a Guggenheim Fellow and cofounder with Jane Goodall of Ethologists for the Ethical


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The combination of physics archaeological evidence satellite imagery of the roads and human feasibility makes their story compelling Terrell told Livescience.


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The footage comes from more than 100 automated infrared camera traps set up in nature reserves in the Sichuan region.


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 Based on levels of radioactive isotopes or atoms of the same elements with different molecular weights the team estimated that the site was occupied almost continuously between 9800 and 12000 years ago.


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One 40â°K (0. 0118 percent) is radioactive with a half-life of 1. 28 x 109â years.

Despite its radioactivity potassium presents no significant hazard when handled. Sources of Potassium Potassium is the seventh most abundant metal in the world.


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Understanding population dynamics is very important to understanding the health longevity and resilience of a seagrass meadow to stresses especially since recent estimates suggest that seagrass loss globally is around 7 percent per year.


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Everything that has a temperature--trees soil people the sun--emits radiation. Trees like other objects on the earth mainly emit long-wave infrared radiation

while sunlight contains a lot of shorter-wave radiation. In places where temperatures are already close to water's melting point the infrared energy can accelerate the melting of snow.

Several other factors such as wind or the incline and steepness of a mountainside can change how long snow cover lasts as well.

This work challenges conventional wisdom because most folks out there think of snowmelt as being dominated by short-wave radiation

which it is with deeper snow and colder environments said Link. But this paper shows that in warmer environments it really can be long-wave-radiation-dominated.

Though this study only compared areas with forest cover to those without it many other subtle effects can influence how long snow cover lasts.

Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics. Jyoti Madhusoodanan is a science writer based in San jose Calif. She tweets at@smjyoti f


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Each X-ray allows doctors to track the barium as the person digests the drink. By using a catheter running from the nose down to the throat doctors may also use a probe to monitor the amount of stomach acid in the esophagus in a technique called esophageal ph monitoring.


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They have their very own flow dynamics. Their ice is exposed to permanent tensions and the calving of icebergs is still largely unresearched.


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Geneticists have bred GMO pigs that glow in the dark by inserting into their DNA a gene for bioluminescence from a jellyfish.


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and water pollution solid waste radiation pesticides and toxic substances to name a few its authority on those matters is not exclusive.


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The researchers also are using plasmonic behavior said Peter Vukusic a physicist at the University of Exeter in England who was not involved with Guo's research.

The potential polarization means it could also be used in cryptography or security where images can be produced invisible

and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics i


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which protects the planet from ultraviolet radiation) have GWPS in the thousands. That means that even miniscule CFC emissions can severely impact the atmosphere.


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Cosmic radiation constantly bombards the Earth's surface changing the form of some of the elements like beryllium in rocks.


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which changes as the radioactive carbon-14 isotope breaks down over time while the stable carbon-12 does not.


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astronomy. A laser isotope ratio-meter was developed to search for methane gas on Mars according to Wired UK.


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#Honeycombs'Surprising Secret Revealed The perfect hexagonal shape of honeycomb cells once thought to be an incredible feat of math-savvy insects has now been explained by simple mechanics.

and co-author of the study citing Galileo galilei and Johannes Kepler as two of the luminaries mystified by the problem.

There have been some incredible esoteric even bizarre explanations; some people believed the bees had an uncanny ability to measure angles.

and explored the mechanics of two plausible scenarios: One in which the bees focus their heat only at points where neighboring cells touch (a total of six points per cell) and another in


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and thus widespread outcome of the laws of physics Goldenfeld said. A time before Darwinism It might sound strange that an organism's genetic code could be the result of crowdsourcing.

Being a physicist Goldenfeld gives the example of thermodynamics. Life must obey conservation of energy and the law of increasing entropy

which will certainly influence how organisms optimize their use of resources. Other rules involve how to control the amount of variation in the genome from one generation to the next.


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and'60s spread a radioactive variety of carbon worldwide which was picked up by plants during photosynthesis


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience n


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#How Deadly H7n9 Flu Could Jump from Birds to Mammals Chinese researchers have found new clues to the origins of the deadly H7n9 flu virus


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience e


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#How Science Can Help You Cook a Better Thanksgiving Feast Preparing a Thanksgiving feast can seem like a daunting task


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Teams must address aerodynamics to score well in the design event but may use whatever type


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These acoustic emissions are very faint only exerting 10 to 1000 pascal in pressure in comparison atmospheric pressure is about 100000 pascals explained physicist Alexandre Ponomarenko at Grenoble University in France.

Physicists may look at trees as a gigantic microfluidic system transmitting sap. Past research suggested the sounds from trees might be due to bubbles that form in their sap.

Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics t


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#Imported Tortoises Could Replace Madagascar's Extinct Ones Two millennia ago millions of giant tortoises roamed Madagascar an island nation off the southeastern coast of Africa that is rich in species found nowhere else On earth.


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#Japan Scales Back Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals Japan is slashing its greenhouse gas reduction goals in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident which has caused the country to replace its nuclear power with coal natural gas

All of the country's nuclear power plants are currently idle for scheduled maintenance checks and the new estimates rely on no nuclear power in the future.

Before the accident caused by the massive tsunami that inundated the coast in 2011 the country's sole plan for achieving greenhouse gas reductions focused on nuclear power.

Our government has been saying...that the 25 percent reduction target was unfounded totally and wasn't feasible government spokesman Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said according to the BBC.


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Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics


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#Male Birds Like Nice Nests (ISNS)--One bird species may have advice on how to get its dads to take a more active role in parenting:

Ryder Diaz is a science writer based in Santa cruz Calif. Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics S


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></p><p>Just two decades after first spotting planets orbiting a star other than our own sun astronomers have notched a big milestone the 1000th alien planet.</


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n Burbano a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Germany said in a statement.

What is for certain is that these findings will greatly help us to understand the dynamics of emerging pathogens.


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He also approached the practice of hitting a baseball as a science even attending physics lectures at MIT to better understand the dynamics of swinging a bat.


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High above Earth's surface extreme ultraviolet radiation from the sun reacts with air molecules to produce gigantic jets of lightning up to 56 miles (90 kilometers) tall that shoot up to the edge of space.


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and generates a four-dimensional mathematical model derived from the physics of the atmosphere. With high accuracy Deep Thunder can deliver hyper-localized weather conditions up to three days in advance with calculations as fine as a single mile and as granular as every 10 minutes.


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when a massive star runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion and collapses in on itself in a giant explosion.

Scientists think a shock wave from a supernova might have been the event that caused a rotating cloud of gas


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience


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#Real-life Smoking Caterpillar Uses Nicotine as Defense Ripped from the pages of Lewis carroll's Alice in wonderland scientists have discovered a smoking caterpillar of sorts.

Video See the Smoking Caterpillars in Action It's really a story about how an insect that eats a plant co-opts the plant for its own defense said study researcher Ian Baldwin a professor at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical


Livescience_2013 05688.txt

Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience i


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#Reviving the Woolly mammoth: Will De-Extinction Become Reality? Biologists briefly brought the extinct Pyrenean ibex back to life in 2003 by creating a clone from a frozen tissue sample harvested before the goat's entire population vanished in 2000.


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Rosalind Franklin used the process of X-ray crystallography to make an image of the DNA molecule that was used by Watson

but X-ray crystallography is a bit complex for most students to do at home. Still some of you might want to do something a bit more dramatic than building a DNA model out of toothpicks and gumdrops.


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience. Followâ Livescience@livescience Facebookâ & Google+.+Original article onâ Livescience. com Ã


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The team then dated the structure using levels of radioactivity in minerals and the ratio of carbon isotopes or molecules of carbon with different numbers of neutrons from charcoal and grains of sand.


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But researchers who eavesdrop on plant hydraulics are discovering that certain species like pine trees and Douglas firs can repair the damage on a daily

I think plant hydraulics will be the piece of the puzzle that tells us which species are going to live

Plant hydraulics will tell us what our future forests will look like in 50 years. Two geologists in Arizona are also building a low-cost acoustic detector crowd-funded at about $1000 drawn by the age-old allure of communicating with plants.


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along with observations of dust grains change our understanding of planet formation astronomers said. Observations of the system revealed a dust trap of millimeter-size grains on one side of the star with smaller micrometer-size particles spread evenly throughout the disc.

The particles astronomers said could eventually clump into a comet factory producing kilometer-size rocks such as those found in the Kuiper Belt outside Neptune's orbit.

So far however astronomers can see only the object's effects on the system; there's no direct evidence that it physically exists.

however that has persisted among astronomers for a generation. Within the disc surrounding the star there is higher pressure closer to the star

In the case of Oph IRS 48 the astronomers think that an object with a mass 10 times that of Jupiter is forming vortices at the edge of the system creating an area of high pressure that balances out the high pressure near the star.

-and-egg problem that is bothering some astronomers: How did that massive mysterious object in Oph IRS 48 form?

and could potentially have created the massive planet that is partially responsible now for creating this other trap said Phil Armitage a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Colorado in Boulder who wrote an analysis of the paper in the journal Science.

but few astronomers suspected it would be so obvious in an image. To be so large that you can directly observe that is quite a surprise Armitage said.


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</p><p>As far back as Archimedes philosophers have wondered how many tiny particles could fit in<a href=http://www. space. com/52-the-expanding-universe-from-the-big-bang-to-today. html>the universe</a>.Archimedes

</p><p>When Einstein conceived of his equations of relativity he included a small constant called the<a href=http://www. space. com/19282-einstein-cosmological-constant-dark-energy. html>cosmological

because they are so huge that a stray gamma ray could disrupt the bits in these numbers


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Our modeling efforts offer insight into the nature of the dynamics of an overdose and hopefully will be able to better guide physicians in determining


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 Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics. Benjamin Plackett is a science journalist based in New york city s


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and was essential for agriculture astronomy and prophecy. oeby keeping records of the rainy and dry seasons the Maya could determine the best times to plant


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X-ray analysis revealed gold particles up to about 8 microns wide in cells from the trees or about 10 times thinner than the average human hair.


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Alone his research team a group of physicists does not have a lot of biology experience. They are however talking with other departments to learn what the requirements would be for the listening device.


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It had never been shown that the circadian rhythm of the leaf affected the whole tree said study researcher Rubã n DÃ az Sierra a physicist at the National University of Distance Education in Spain.


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The ultraviolet light in sunlight actually converts cholesterol in your skin into Vitamin d. The vitamin is also found in foods like fatty fish and fortified cereals milk and orange juice.

But now food scientists are giving mushrooms a Vitamin d boost with ultraviolet light. oethe exciting thing

Quick pulses of ultraviolet light flash over the mushroom s surface going through it and setting off a chemical process that converts a compound  similar to cholesterol inside the mushrooms into Vitamin d. oeit s already happening in a number of facilities where they re actually doing this on conveyor belts said Robert Beelman a food scientist at Penn State.

Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics. Karin Heineman is the executive producer of Inside Science TV.

Ultraviolet Flashes Can Create Vitamin d-enriched mushrooms Penn State Food Science Robert Beelman Penn Stat n


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Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience L


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#Warm Water Under Antarctic Glacier Spurs Rapid Melting A two-month-long expedition to one of the most remote sites on the planet the sprawling Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica


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A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere.

The sun bombards Earth with enormous amounts of radiation which strike Earth's atmosphere in the form of visible light plus ultraviolet (UV) infrared (IR)

and other types of radiation that are invisible to the human eye. About 30 percent of the radiation striking the Earth is reflected back out to space by clouds ice and other reflective surfaces.

The remaining 70 percent is absorbed by the oceans the land and the atmosphere according to NASA.

As they absorb radiation and heat up the oceans land and atmosphere release heat in the form of IR thermal radiation

which passes out of the atmosphere into space. The balance between incoming and outgoing radiation keeps Earth's overall average temperature at about 59 F 15 C). This exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms Earth is referred often to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much

the same way. Incoming UV radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse

and is absorbed by the plants and hard surfaces inside. Weaker IR radiation however has difficulty passing out through the glass walls

and is trapped inside warming the greenhouse. The gases in the atmosphere that absorb radiation are known as greenhouse gases (sometimes abbreviated as GHG)

because they are largely responsible for the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect in turn is one of the leading causes of global warming.

The most significant greenhouse gases are water vapor (H2o) carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2o) according to the Environmental protection agency (EPA.

However methane is about 21 times more efficient at absorbing radiation than CO2 giving it a high GWP rating


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and incoming radiation from the sun. Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed partially on the surface of Earth.

Some of the incoming radiation however is reflected back out toward space. Gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb some of that reflected radiation;

as a result the atmosphere heats up. This atmospheric warming is known as the greenhouse effect because the same process keeps a greenhouse warm during cold weather:

Solar radiation is trapped by the glass walls of a greenhouse heating the greenhouse and keeping its plants warm throughout the winter.


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'The phrase the birds and the bees is a metaphor for explaining the mechanics of reproduction to younger children relying on imagery of bees pollinating


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There's a delicate balancing act occurring every day all across the Earth involving the radiation the planet receives from space

and the radiation that's reflected back out to space. Earth is bombarded constantly with enormous amounts of radiation primarily from the sun. This solar radiation strikes the Earth's atmosphere in the form of visible light plus ultraviolet (UV) infrared (IR)

and other types of radiation that are invisible to the human eye. UV radiation has a shorter wavelength

and a higher energy level than visible light while IR radiation has a longer wavelength and a weaker energy level.

About 30 percent of the radiation striking Earth's atmosphere is reflected immediately back out to space by clouds ice snow sand and other reflective surfaces according to NASA.

The remaining 70 percent of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans the land and the atmosphere.

As they heat up the oceans land and atmosphere release heat in the form of IR thermal radiation

which passes out of the atmosphere and into space. It's this equilibrium of incoming and outgoing radiation that makes the Earth habitable with an average temperature of about 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) according to NASA.

Without this atmospheric equilibrium Earth would be as cold and lifeless as its moon or as blazing hot as Venus. The moon

which has almost no atmosphere is about minus 243 degrees F (minus 153 degrees C) on its dark side.

Venus on the other hand has a very dense atmosphere that traps solar radiation; the average temperature on Venus is about 864 degrees F (462 degrees C). The exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the Earth is referred often to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much the same way.

Incoming UV radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is absorbed by the plants

and hard surfaces inside. Weaker IR radiation however has difficulty passing through the glass walls and is trapped inside thus warming the greenhouse.

This effect lets tropical plants thrive inside a greenhouse even during a cold winter. A similar phenomenon takes place in a car parked outside on a cold sunny day.

Incoming solar radiation warms the car's interior but outgoing thermal radiation is trapped inside the car's closed windows.

The gases in the atmosphere that absorb radiation are known as greenhouse gases because they're largely responsible for the greenhouse effect.

These greenhouse gases include water vapor carbon dioxide (CO2) methane nitrous oxide (N2o) and other gases according to the Environmental protection agency (EPA.

CO2 and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space.


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 Inside Science News Service is supported by the American Institute of Physics. Cassy Krueger is a science writer in Madison Wisconsin M


Livescience_2013 07699.txt

Christopher Wanjek is the author of a new novel Hey Einstein! a comical nature-versus-nurture tale about raising clones of Albert Einstein in less than-ideal settings.

His column Bad Medicine appears regularly on Livescience r


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#Why a Cold Spring Delays Cherry Blossom Blooming It's been a dull spring for cherry blossom watchers so far.


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A light-year is the distance light will travel in a year or about 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers.

During that time a space capsule wouldn't completely insulate life from bombardment with cosmic radiation zero air pressure and cold temperatures.

Earth-based experiments can't simulate all of those conditions particularly the heavy particle radiation he said.

and go into an extreme hibernation with zero metabolism he said thereby withstanding the punishing radiation desiccation and frigid temperatures of space.


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It's a constant struggle to keep our remote infrared cameras running in that cold and power cables snap like twigs.


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Then she pointed to an infrared thermometer which measures temperature based on thermal radiation at the tree trunks the koalas were hugging.

The trunks were considerably cooler than the ambient air temperature sometimes by as much as 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) Kearney said.


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Fruits and vegetables are good sources of potassium study co-author Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller a researcher at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New york said in a statement.


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We won't be able to fully understand the extinction dynamics until we understand what normal ecological processes were going on in the background study researcher Hans Larsson of Mcgill University said in a statement.


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But besides the plane's engine and weight the pilots and the engineers and mechanics who work for them are free to experiment with their planes'designs Mangold said.


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