The satellite data were collected by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer instrument on NASA's Aura spacecraft. When it comes to reducing ozone levels emission reductions in one part of the world may drive greenhouse warming more than a similar level of emission reductions elsewhere said Bowman lead author of the study published recently in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The model simulations are based upon actual observations of ozone warming effects measured by NASA's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer satellite instrument.
The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Physics. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Extreme weather potent force for Arctic overwintering populationsclimate change is known to affect the population dynamics of single species such as reindeer
and strong climate signals in the population dynamics of herbivores are the likely explanations for how such clear climate effects can be observed at the ecosystem level.
and the role wolves may play on population dynamics. The team's next steps will be to process data to understand more about climate change impacts on this high elevation ecosystem
and you actually see a standing wave pattern he said. It's a barrier so they have to go up and over that hill.
or when the skin is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays. Lighter skin produces more Vitamin d than darker skin colours.
For a 2012 study in the Journal of Proteome Research the scientists used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the amino acid composition of juice from oranges grown on HLB-positive or HLB-negative trees.
Our results indicate a rapidly retreating coastline that cannot be accounted for by the regular dynamics of the Sundarbans.
#Smaller radiation fields can spare brain when treating tumors, research findsnew research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center shows that patients suffering from aggressive brain tumors can be treated effectively with smaller radiation fields to spare the rest of the brain and preserve cognition.
For patients with glioblastoma we now know we can safely and effectively treat them with smaller radiation fields to spare the rest of their normal brain said lead investigator Michael D. Chan M d. assistant professor of radiation oncology at Wake Forest Baptist.
That's important because it lessens the symptoms from radiation toxicity like tiredness and nausea.
Chan said that a patient's cognition is related to how much normal brain is irradiated so focusing radiation on smaller areas of the brain may help preserve cognition
and does not seem to lead to an increase in the likelihood of the tumor recurring.
Overall while long-term survival rates for glioblastoma multiforme patients have not improved by much with treatment advances the ability to treat with smaller radiation fields preserves cognition
While there have been other similar studies this one is the largest to compare smaller radiation margins to larger ones to document differences in patterns of failure for patients Chan said.
whether using these tighter margins would affect the tumors coming back outside of the radiation field
Chan said that in the 1990s Wake Forest Baptist's Edward G. Shaw M d. professor of radiation oncology was part of a group that pioneered using smaller margins
Smaller radiation margins around the tumor do not seem to lead to an increase in the tumor returning just outside of the radiation field Chan said.
A smaller radiation field combined with modern treatment techniques like newer chemotherapy agents and radiation technologies provides physicians with more options.
Treatments have gotten better over time and people with GBM may live longer than they had in the past.
#Graphene oxide soaks up radioactive waste: U s.,Russian researchers collaborate on solution to toxic groundwater woesgraphene oxide has a remarkable ability to quickly remove radioactive material from contaminated water researchers at Rice university
and Lomonosov Moscow State university have found. A collaborative effort by the Rice lab of chemist James Tour and the Moscow lab of chemist Stepan Kalmykov determined that microscopic atom-thick flakes of graphene oxide bind quickly to natural and human-made radionuclides
The experimental results were reported in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Physical chemistry Chemical Physics. The discovery Tour said could be a boon in the cleanup of contaminated sites like the Fukushima nuclear plants damaged by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
What is astonishing is the very fast kinetics of sorption which is key. In the probabilistic world of chemical reactions where scarce stuff (low concentrations) infrequently bumps into something with
and Parsons Engineering and an expert in nuclear power and remediation who is working with the researchers.
The researchers focused on removing radioactive isotopes of the actinides and lanthanides--the 30 rare earth elements in the periodic table--from liquids rather than solids or gases.
and it's radioactive above a certain level they can't put it back into the ground he said.
Tour said that capturing radionuclides does not make them less radioactive just easier to handle.
Where you have huge pools of radioactive material like at Fukushima you add graphene oxide
Graphene oxide burns very rapidly and leaves a cake of radioactive material you can then reuse.
#Physics students disprove childrens author Roald Dahls peach calculationfour students from the University of Leicester Department of physics
and Astronomy have calculated that it would take 2425907 seagulls rather than the 501 described in Roald Dahl's James
The physics of aircraft was applied later to calculate the number of seagulls it would have taken for the giant peach to be lifted.
The research was conducted by Emily Jane Watkinson Maria-Theresia Walach Daniel Staab and Zach Rogerson and published in the Journal of Physics Special Topics.
The project allowed the students to apply real principles of Physics to an imaginative topic
Course leader Dr Mervyn Roy a lecturer at the University's Department of physics and Astronomy said:
But to be a research physicist--in industry or academia--you need to show some imagination to think outside the box
Because Physics Special Topics is run exactly like a professional journal the students get the chance to develop all the skills they will need
Schools have physics chemistry and biology laboratories to teach these subjects. The combination of Raspberry Pi and Piface creates a cheap personal laboratory for computer science that every child can own.
The discovery by astronomers at the University of California Berkeley and Clarion University in Pennsylvania of six likely comets around distant stars suggests that comets--dubbed exocomets--are just as common in other stellar systems with planets.
and dust#a signature of exoplanets--makes it highly likely they all do said Barry Welsh a research astronomer at UC Berkeley's Space sciences Laboratory.
In 2009 astronomers found a large planet around Î-Pic about 10 times larger than Jupiter.
Overall he concluded the results of the study suggest that altered disturbance regimes rather than climate had the greatest influence on vegetation composition and dynamics in the eastern United states over multiple centuries.
Rebirth of the Elwha Riverfor rivers with fewer economic and social demands restoration guided by historical records of the natural dynamics of the river can be an effective restoration strategy say Acreman and colleagues.
In the lab you are just seeing part of the process of root growth said Bucksch who works in the group of Associate professor Joshua Weitz in the School of Biology and School of Physics at Georgia Tech.
However some of their most widespread threats involve warming ocean temperatures solar radiation and increased ocean acidification.
No coral reefs have been identified to date that protect from rising ocean temperatures acidification and increased solar radiation like these mangrove habitats in St john. Story Source:
Charge transport anisotropy is a phenomenon where electrons flow faster along a particular crystallographic direction due to close molecule-molecule interactions.
whereas an infrared camera was able to detect inflammatory alterations in the udder four hours after the inflammation had set in says Jutta Kauppi.
But sugars may also be part of a deadly game of tag between plant and insect according to scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.
The Max Planck scientists have discovered now why this defensive strategy fails to work against Spodoptera larvae.
and Jonathan Gershenzon from the Department of Biochemistry at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany have discovered recently a previously unknown detoxification strategy in these pest insects.
Modern and highly sensitive mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods showed that the benzoxazinoid identified in the larval frass was no longer identical to the substance in the plant leaves.
The Max Planck scientists now want to identify the enzymes and the encoding genes that are responsible for the detoxification process in the fall armyworm.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
He and researchers at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)--which is operated by the National Oceanic
This understanding will help us make better forecasts for climate as well as for the basic dynamics of forests.
This helped us understand how the dynamics of individual trees influence the stand as a whole. The growth trends at stand level are relevant for the forestry industry in terms of productivity carbon sequestration
Specifically we coated a dead female beetle with a vapor of nickel and used the'nickelized'shell to fabricate two matching molds in the shape of a resting beetle said Akhlesh Lakhtakia Charles Godfrey Binder professor of engineering science and mechanics
and understand the dynamics in your system of interest which also means understanding other systems.
Giving scientists a framework to compare similar dynamics makes for more meaningful information for those developing
#Manuka honey does not decrease pain of radiation-induced esophagitis for lung cancer patientspatient-reported data indicates that
when Manuka honey is prescribed for esophagitis pain during radiation therapy (RT) it is not more effective than standard medical care according to research presented today at the American Society for Radiation Oncology's (ASTRO's) 56th Annual Meeting.
so that patients can continue eating their normal diet said lead study author Lawrence Berk MD chief of radiation oncology Morsani School of medicine at the University of South Florida Tampa.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length l
Is the methane contamination observed in drinking water a precursor to other toxins--arsenic various salts radioactive radium
from now on we will have a much more detailed view of the dynamics of this ecosystem says Dusko Ehrlich.
The laws of physics are said non-negotiable Mr Jarraud. The Greenhouse Gas Bulletin provides a scientific base for decision-making.
which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. Ocean Acidificationfor the first time this Bulletin contains a section on ocean acidification prepared in collaboration with the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC
and humans and is essential for the protective pathway against UV radiation it also simultaneously provides the elucidation and potential means with
Physicists find 2-D form pays no heed to defectsdefects damage the ideal properties of many two-dimensional materials like carbon-based graphene.
That makes it a promising candidate for nanoelectronic applications that require stable properties according to new research by Rice university theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his colleagues.
Andreas Huth have spent the last five years using computer models to analyse ecosystems to explore the composition and dynamics of species-rich communities in tropical rainforests.
The albedo effect refers to the amount of radiation reflected by the surface of the planet.
since they generally reflect solar radiation back into space. Therefore a 50 percent reduction in forest aerosols has spurred actually greater warming since the pre-industrial era.
Called the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar the instrument will be the first to systematically probe the depths of the forests from space.
or death wasn't clear said Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Ph d. study senior author and distinguished university professor emerita department of epidemiology and population health at Albert Einstein College of Medicine
and models used here can be applied elsewhere to explore similar plant bed dynamics around the world.
They looked to a technique called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy which has been used to authenticate foods including honey and olive oil.
Astronomers using the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Green Bank Telescope (GBT) have discovered that filaments of star-forming gas near the Orion Nebula may be brimming with pebble-size particles--planetary building blocks 100
The large dust grains seen by the GBT would suggest that at least some protostars may arise in a more nurturing environment for planets said Scott Schnee an astronomer with the National Radio astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville Virginia.
Astronomers speculate that in the next 100000 to 1 million years this area will likely evolve into a new star cluster.
Based on earlier maps of this region made with the IRAM 30 meter radio telescope in Spain the astronomers expected to find a certain brightness to the dust emission
Rather than typical interstellar dust these researchers appear to have detected vast streamers of gravel--essentially a long and winding road in space said NRAO astronomer Jay Lockman who was involved not in these observations.
and there could be other explanations for the bright signature we detected in the emission from the Orion Molecular Cloud concluded Brian Mason an astronomer at the NRAO
Since it contains one of the highest concentrations of protostars of any nearby molecular cloud it will continue to excite the curiosity of astronomers.
which plant canopies convert solar radiation to biomass to estimate the theoretical limit of net primary production (NPP) on a global scale This newly calculated limit was roughly two orders of magnitude higher than the productivity of most current managed
Wildland fires involve complex interactions that include fuel distribution terrain topography chemical reactions energy transfer and the associated fluid dynamics that transport moisture gas-phase hydrocarbons air
burns to help develop models describing the chemistry and fluid dynamics of fires. His interest was sparked.
what is going to dictate the fluid dynamics in the vicinity. In turn the fluid dynamics of the air and combustible hydrocarbons as fire progresses could point the way to where the fire will spread.
The process begins with pyrolysis the thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperature Dr. Mahalingam says.
and the resulting fluid dynamics will in turn drive the fire. Continual warming of the leading edge of the fire is a necessary precondition to releasing the chemicals in the fuels that are needed to sustain it.
Called the Hypatia Catalog after one of the first female astronomers who lived 350 AD in Alexandria the work is critical to understanding the properties of stars how they form
Since it is not possible to physically sample a star to determine its composition astronomers study of the light from the object.
and it is one of the most important tools that an astronomer has for studying the universe.
--or F-G-or K-type (the Sun is A g-type star)--that are relatively near to the Sun. This catalog can hopefully be used to guide a better understanding of how the local neighborhood has evolved explains Natalie Hinkel who graduated from ASU in 2012 with her doctorate in astrophysics
The most obvious one for astronomers is looking at stars who host extrasolar planets or exoplanets.
Since Galileo's time Givnish says people have wondered what determines maximum tree height:''Where are the tallest trees
and hydraulics should both increase in drier areas. But Givnish and his team wanted to know the importance of each constraint.
which hydraulics retards photosynthesis. The isotopic composition should also remain stable if resource allocation alone sets maximum height because resource allocation does not directly affect the stomata.
Because it's so easy to accidently introduce impurities into graphene labs led by physicists Junichiro Kono of Rice
Hitting the combined material with femtosecond pulses from a near-infrared laser prompted the indium phosphide to emit terahertz back through the graphene.
Imperfections as small as a stray oxygen molecule on the graphene were picked up by a spectrometer.
Not just the intensity but also the waveform of emitted terahertz radiation totally and dynamically changes in response to molecular adsorption and desorption.
Laser pulses generated coherent bursts of terahertz radiation through a built-in surface electric field of the indium phosphide substrate that changed due to charge transfer between the graphene and the contaminating molecules.
Using this method means that the males do not have to be sterilized by radiation before release
and eggs and hawks are predominantly predators of adults these landscape changes could shift ecosystem dynamics.
Disturbances like windthrow and forest fires are part of the natural dynamics of forest ecosystems and are not therefore a catastrophe for the ecosystem as such.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell biology and Genetics show that supplying D-lactate
Teymuras Kurzchalia and Tony Hyman both have labs at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell biology
The above story is provided based on materials by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and they are the prime focus of study for Onuchic and his colleagues at Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP).
Researchers have observed long hemagglutinin's initial and final structures through X-ray crystallography. But because the change happens so quickly it has been impossible to capture an image of the glycoprotein in transit.
By using the experimental structural information from X-ray crystallography to approximate the full energy landscape of hemagglutinin the researchers can now capture a rough picture of the steps involved in its reconfiguration including the point at
. and Olga K. Wiess Professor of Physics and Astronomy and co-director of the CTBP based at Rice's Bioscience Research Collaborative.
A Rice university-led team of U s. German and Chinese physicists has published the first evidence based on sophisticated neutron measurements of a link between magnetic properties
The new findings are sophisticated based on inelastic neutron-scattering experiments performed on several samples of barium iron nickel arsenide at the PUMA triple axis spectrometer at TUM's Heinz Maier
The research team said they hope the findings will prove useful in explaining the underlying physics of directionally dependent electronic phenomena that have been observed in several different types of superconducting materials.
Most high-temperature superconductors and many closely related compounds exhibit a number of exotic electronic phases particularly as they approach the critical temperature where superconductivity arises said Pengcheng Dai professor of physics and astronomy at Rice and the study
Explaining high-temperature superconductivity remains the foremost challenge in condensed matter physics. First documented in 1986 the phenomenon is marked by zero electrical resistance in some crystalline ceramic materials below a critical temperature.
Physicists call directionally dependent behavior anisotropic resistance. In the new study Dai and colleagues bombarded crystals of barium iron nickel arsenide with neutrons.
and inelastic neutron-scattering tests allow physicists to see among others the vibrational properties of materials.
Rice theoretical physicist and study co-author Andriy Nevidomskyy assistant professor of physics and astronomy used the analogy of a crowd gathered at a stadium to watch a sporting event.
During the game all eyes are on the field and this is an ordered state that describes all the individuals in the crowd in relation to one another he said.
Rice theoretical physicist Qimiao Si another study co-author said the magnetic behavior observed by the inelastic neutron-scattering measurements reflects the way the spins of the electrons are organized dynamically in the material.
Professor of Physics and Astronomy. It may help explain the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity and more generally the mechanism for superconductivity in the iron pnictide superconductors.
The system comes equipped to control heat emission from the crown of the plants through infrared heaters that enable the temperature of the growing environment to remain at a steady 2â°C over ambient temperature.
Vikyath Rao a graduate student in the laboratory of U. of I. physics professor Nigel Goldenfeld analyzed the data using a computer model Rao and Goldenfeld developed.
and functions of nanomaterialsby â#drawingâ##micropatterns on nanomaterials using a focused laser beam scientists could modify properties of nanomaterials for effective applications in photonic and optoelectric applications.
Through the use of a simple efficient and low cost technique involving a focused laser beam two NUS research teams led by Professor Sow Chorng Haur from the Department of physics at the NUS Faculty of science demonstrated that the properties of two
Instead of focusing sunlight we can focus laser beam onto a wide variety of nanomaterials and study effects of the focused laser beam has on these materials. â#Micropatterns â#drawnâ##on Mos2 films could enhance electrical conductivity
and photoconductivitymolybdenum disulfide (Mos2) a class of transition metal dichalcogenide compound has attracted great attention as an emerging two-dimensional (2d) material due to wide recognition of its potential in and optoelectronics.
and their team members utilised an optical microscope-focused laser beam setup to â#drawâ##micropatterns directly onto large area Mos2 films as well as to thin the films.
With this simple and low cost approach the scientists were able to use the focused laser beam to selectively â#drawâ##patterns onto any region of the film to modify properties of the desired area unlike other current methods where the entire film is modified.
and photoconductivity of the modified material had increased by more than 10 times and about five times respectively.
Hidden images â#drawnâ##by focused laser beam on silicon nanowires could improve optical functionalitiesin a related study published in the journal Scientific Reports on 13 may 2014 Prof Sow led
The team scanned a focused laser beam rapidly onto an array of mesoporous silicon nanowires which are packed closely like the tightly woven threads of a carpet.
They found that the focused laser beam could modify the optical properties of the nanowires causing them to emit greenish-blue fluorescence light.
Their understanding enabled them to â#drawâ##a wide variety of micropatterns with different optical functionalities using the focused laser beam.
To develop materials with properties that can cater to the industryâ##s demands Prof Sow together with his team of researchers will extend the versatile focused laser beam technique to more nanomaterials.
and net radiation--defined as the amount of energy from the sun that is absorbed by the land minus the amount reflected back into the atmosphere by Earth's surface.
and found that a downward trend in net radiation was largely responsible for the change. This was a surprising result according to Estes who said he expected to see decreases in evaporative demand
but thought lower wind speeds would have a greater impact than drops in net radiation.
and Wildlife Acoustics Inc. The European nightjar for example is only active at night and is camouflaged very well making it difficult to detect using traditional survey methods.
Aura's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument built and managed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena California delivers global maps showing annual averages of the heat absorbed by ozone in particular in the mid troposphere.
Aura's High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument provided global maps showing cirrus clouds in the upper altitudes in the tropics.
Aerosols reflect radiation from the sun back into space; this tends to cool Earth's surface. Aerosols such as dust and smoke also absorb radiation
and heat the atmosphere where they are concentrated. Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is especially good at observing these absorbing aerosols above clouds and bright deserts.
It can be used anywhere where the dynamics of ecosystem services are linked closely to people's livelihoods.
In addition the X-ray images show that both creatures died from suffocation after inhaling mud. Lyuba and Khroma who died at ages 1 and 2 months respectively are the most complete and best-preserved baby mammoth specimens ever found.
PET scans require the use of radioactive tracers and cerebrospinal fluid analysis requires that patients undergo invasive
And because our devices use silicon oxide--the most studied material On earth--the underlying physics are understood both well
New research from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen and Aarhus University shows that not only can grains of dust form in gigantic supernova explosions they can also survive the subsequent shockwaves they are exposed to.
How the cosmic dust is formed has long been a mystery to astronomers. The elements themselves are formed out of the glowing hydrogen gas in stars.
and in the fusion process the star emits radiation in the form of light that is energy.
and how it survives the shockwaves explains Professor Hjorth head of the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
and built by Danish researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute and what is special about the instrument is both that it is extremely sensitive
and the three spectrographs observe all light at once--from ultraviolet to visible light to infrared light. This is extremely important when observing phenomena in the distant universe.
The exploding star itself had been very massive more than 40 times the mass of the Sun. Researchers from the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute Aarhus University
This showed something very exciting explains Christa Gall a postdoc at Aarhus University and affiliated with the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Copenhagen-Niels Bohr Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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