The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Physics (IOP. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Exotic atoms hold clues to unsolved physics puzzle at the dawn of the universean international team of physicists has found the first direct evidence of pear shaped nuclei in exotic atoms.
The findings could advance the search for a new fundamental force in nature that could explain why the Big bang created more matter than antimatter--a pivotal imbalance in the history of everything.
If equal amounts of matter and antimatter were created at the Big bang everything would have annihilated and there would be no galaxies stars planets
or people said Tim Chupp a University of Michigan professor of physics and biomedical engineering and co-author of a paper on the work published in the May 9 issue of Nature.
What caused the matter/antimatter imbalance is one of physics'great mysteries. It's not predicted by the Standard model--the overarching theory that describes the laws of nature and the nature of matter.
The electromagnetic interaction gives rise to forces on electrically charged bodies. And the strong and weak forces operate in the cores of atoms binding together neutrons and protons or causing those particles to decay.
Physicists have been searching for signs of a new force or interaction that might explain the matter-antimatter discrepancy.
The evidence of its existence would be revealed by measuring how the axis of nuclei of the radioactive elements radon
and tin but due to the repulsive force between the positively charged nuclei nuclear reactions were not possible. Instead the nuclei were excited to higher energy levels producing gamma rays that flew out in a specific pattern that revealed the pear shape of the nucleus. In the very biggest picture we're trying to understand everything we've observed directly
and also indirectly and how it is that we happen to be said here Chupp. The research was led by University of Liverpool Physics Professor Peter Butler.
Our findings contradict some nuclear theories and will help refine others he said. The measurements also will help direct the searches for atomic EDMS (electric dipole moments) currently being carried out in North america
Our expectation is that the data from our nuclear physics experiments can be combined with the results from atomic trapping experiments measuring EDMS to make the most stringent tests of the Standard model the best theory we have for understanding the nature of the building blocks of the universe Butler said.
The paper is titled Studies of nuclear pear-shapes using accelerated radioactive beams. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Michigan.
and these men often choose watchful waiting over radiation and surgical treatments that have said unwelcome side effects Krystle Zuniga co-author of the paper.
The studies demonstrate how the high-density prevalence of this nonnative plant is shifting population dynamics
This means that even decades after the pastoralists move on they leave fertile footprints across the landscape that significantly alter the dynamics of the entire ecosystem.
While they couldn't see the rods X-ray diffraction images showed that the side groups --and thus the rods--had aligned under compression.
and conventionally tilled were somewhat surprising to lead author Humberto Blanco a University of Nebraska-Lincoln soil physicist.
The new technology has been shown to nearly eliminate the reflection losses of solar radiation. Cost-effective solar photovoltaic materials are being developed within the Academy of Finland's research programme Photonics and Modern Imaging Techniques.
The nanostructured black silicon coating features very low reflectivity meaning that a larger portion of the Sun's radiation can be exploited.
and social-ecological dynamics in the Amazon says Marty Downs associate director of Brown University's Environmental Change Initiative.
Using a high-resolution transmission microscope in Brookhven's Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department the scientists were able to observe the anchored Mosoy nanocrystals on 2d graphene sheets.
article April 5 for the Metallomics journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry on how to use X-ray analysis to map a path to increasing the amount of nitrogen that legumes deposit into the soil Cultivation of legumes the plant family that includes peas beans alfalfa soybeans
This is the first high-energy X-ray analysis of plant-microbe interactions. X-rays such as those from the APS provided a high sensitivity to elements and a high spatial resolution not attainable by other means.
Mapping these kind of dynamics provides vital information about the diseases and how they are transmitted said Abdou Razac Boukary about his doctoral research at ITM and the University of Liã ge (Ulg).
which have been exposed to ultraviolet light and contain vitamin D2 are a good source of Vitamin d that can improve the Vitamin d status of healthy adults.
This technique for studying the stars--sometimes called astronomy in the lab--gives scientists information that cannot be obtained by the traditional techniques of astronomy such as telescope observations or computer modeling.
Now scientists working at Washington University in St louis with support from the Mcdonnell Center for the Space sciences have discovered two tiny grains of silica (Sio2;
Many of these discoveries were made at Washington University home to Ernst Zinner Phd research professor in Physics at Washington University in St louis who helped develop the instruments
The first silica grains are discovered In 2009 Christine Floss Phd research professor of physics at Washington University in St louis
All of the rats were fed berries 2 months prior to radiation and then divided into two groups-one was evaluated after 36 hours of radiation and the other after 30 days.
After 30 days on the same berry diet the rats experienced significant protection against radiation compared to control said investigator Shibu Poulose Phd.
We saw significant benefits to diets with both of the berries and speculate it is due to the phytonutrients present.
A University of Leeds-led team of virologists and structural biologists used X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy to decipher the three-dimensional shape of the nucleocapsid protein
Crop yields nearly doubled said Peter Ward Dooley's doctoral adviser a UW professor of biology and of Earth and space sciences and an authority On earth's mass extinctions.
A paper on the subject was published today in the new online science and biomedical journal elife a joint initiative of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust fund.
Instead they use the kinetic energy of flowing stream water to power the lifting of a fraction of this water to a higher elevation.
and natural habitats as well as a team of park rangers enforcing conservation laws that --although they had been in place
Researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany have investigated now which strategies chimpanzees in the Taã National park in CÃ'te d'Ivoire West Africa use
and abstract thinking in humans says Christophe Boesch director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology's Department of Primatology.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
but do not yet stop them as effectively as real leaves Loudon said suggesting that crucial mechanics of the trichomes still need to be determined.
when activated by weak ultraviolet light. By keeping the intensity of the UV light sufficiently low researchers can photoactivate individual proteins to image them
They do however receive a great deal of infrared light which is harmful to some crops and yellow light
In the development of the method a spectrometer is used to measure which wavelengths are sent back by the plants.
and other advantages has fostered interest in using it in everything from lightweight armor and ballistic glass to wound dressings and scaffolds for growing replacement organs for transplantation.
Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen have examined whether the presence of an audience influences the behaviour and the testosterone changes of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after a fight.
With support of the Alexander-Von-humboldt Society scientists working with Katharina Hirschenhauser from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen have been studying the influence of mixed-sex audiences on future social status after a fight.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The campaign is addressing a broad range of science questions from the dynamics of Earth's crust and glaciers to the carbon cycle and the lives of ancient Peruvian civilizations.
#Green pea galaxies could help astronomers understand early universethe rare Green pea galaxies discovered by the general public in 2007 could help confirm astronomers'understanding of reionization a pivotal stage in the evolution of the early universe
Reionization occurred a few hundred million years after the Big bang as the first stars were turning on
As for how this happened the prevailing theory holds that massive stars in the early galaxies produced an abundance of high-energy ultraviolet light that escaped into intergalactic space.
when we looked at galaxies nearby the high-energy radiation doesn't appear to make it out.
There's been a push to find some galaxies that show signs of radiation escaping said Anne Jaskot a doctoral student in astronomy.
Jaskot and Sally Oey an associate professor of astronomy in the College of Literature Science and the Arts have found that the Green peas could hold that evidence.
Our analysis shows they may be leaking ionizing radiation. The researchers focused on six of the most intensely star-forming Green pea galaxies
which are between one billion and five billion light years away. They studied their emission lines as observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
and in this case they helped the astronomers understand the relationship between the stars and gas in these galaxies.
The galaxies the researchers determined produced more radiation than the researchers detected so they infer that some of it must have escaped.
Jaskot says the Green peas are exciting candidates to help astronomers understand a major milestone in the development of the cosmos 13 billion years ago.
and Optical Depth of Ionizing Radiation in the'Green pea'Galaxies. The research is funded by the National Science Foundation.
It's critical to understand the population dynamics in a given area in order to make informed decisions regarding management said WCS Conservation Scientist Jon Beckmann.
Calculations by the Rice team of theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his colleagues in China were reported this month in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
They determined through molecular dynamics simulation and good old mathematical analysis that in a graphene quilt the grain boundaries act like levers that amplify the tension (through a dislocation pileup) and concentrate it at the defect either where the three domains meet or where a grain boundary between two domains ends.
It's one of the pillars of large-scale material mechanics he said. For graphene we call this a pseudo Hall-Petch
Co-authors of the paper are graduate student Zhigong Song and his adviser Zhiping Xu an associate professor of engineering mechanics at Tsinghua.
and radiation treatments for certain types of cancer and menopause. The effects of hormone loss can range from hot flashes and vaginal dryness to infertility and increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease.
#Toxicity map of brain may help protect cognition for cancer patientsnew research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center is giving radiation oncologists who treat brain tumors a better understanding of how to preserve the brain's functions while still killing cancer.
Ann M. Peiffer Ph d. assistant professor of radiation oncology at Wake Forest Baptist and colleagues looked at how radiation treatment to different brain areas impacts function to help protect cognition
Radiation treatment of organs with cancer is designed to give enough of a dose to be toxic to the cancer tumor with minimal impact to the surrounding tissue
For treatment of organs like the lung kidney or liver doctors know exactly how much radiation to give before organ function is affected.
and these functions are affected at a much lower dose of radiation than what causes tissue death Peiffer said.
or more after their radiation treatment to determine whether Donepezil a drug normally used to improve mental function for those with early Alzheimer's disease was effective at improving their cognition.
The researchers then went back into the medical records to match participants to their individual radiation dose levels
This gave us a preliminary look at what areas are important to consider for protecting cognition during our planning for radiation treatment.
Individuals were supported also by Wake Forest School of medicine Medical student Research Program Louis Argenta Physician-Scientist Scholarship Fund NIH T32 CA113267 and the Department of Radiation Oncology.
PIC simulations are used extensively in plasma physics to model the motion of the charged particles and the electromagnetic interactions between them that make up ionized matter.
High performance computers such as Sequoia enable these codes to follow the simultaneous evolution of tens of billions to trillions of individual particles in highly complex systems.
Frederico Fiuza a physicist and Lawrence Fellow at LLNL performed the simulations in order to study the interaction of ultra-powerful lasers with dense plasmas in a proposed method to produce fusion energy the energy
Each simulation evolves the dynamics of more than 100 billion particles for more than 100000 computational time steps.
If kinship-based social dynamics were playing a critical role in these pilot whale strandings first we would expect to find that the individuals in a stranding event are in fact all related to each other.
Bucinell's particular expertise is in experimental mechanics and the mechanics of reinforced materials and is tasked with seeing how strong sample material is under different parameters.
This includes determining whether mycelia bind better to one plant material or another; and does the way it's treated--with heat
and molecular dynamics looking back to when proteins first appeared approximately 3. 8 billion years ago to determine changes in folding speed over time.
what he calls the Big bang in protein evolution. Approximately 1. 5 billion years ago more complex domain structures and multi-domain proteins emerged with the appearance of multicellular organisms.
If we mix the world of molecular dynamics with the world of molecular evolution we can then determine what aspects of sequences are important for molecular dynamics
which govern the multiphase gas-liquid-ice environment the model incorporates the dynamics and effects of thawing sap dissolving gas bubbles and an osmotic pressure gradient between two components (vessels and fibers) in the tree's nonliving vascular tissue.
A team led by Rice physicist Ching-Hwa Kiang found that shear forces like those found in small arteries of patients with atherosclerosis cause snippets of nonclotting VWF to change into a clot-forming shape for hours at a time.
Kiang associate professor of physics and astronomy and of bioengineering studies the forces involved in protein folding.
In this way we were able to study the dynamics of the molecule to see how it changed over a period of time.
Heating it up in the absence of oxygen--pyrolysis--breaks it down into smaller fragments that can be read by a molecular beam mass spectrometer.
HTAP integrates a molecular beam mass spectrometer with the pyrolysis unit to quickly determine chemical signatures (phenotypes) on small amounts of biomass samples that can be used for among other things identifying the genes controlling the chemical makeup.
Samples drop into the oven where the pyrolysis creates a vapor that is read by the mass spectrometer--a chemical fingerprint.
We put the samples in our mass spectrometer which looked at their genetic transformations and the associated cell-wall chemistry changes Davis said.
NREL's pyrolysis combined with a mass spectrometer was a big improvement over the old method of using wet chemistry to analyze
and fabricate the molecular beam mass spectrometer and Frontier Laboratories which provided the pyrolysis instrument. NREL scientists integrated the autosampler pyrolyzer
and molecular beam mass spectrometer to make HTAP. Other partners using NREL's rapid analytical tool for fuel research besides Arborgen are the University of Florida the University of Georgia Greenwood Resources the Bioenergy Science Center
and Oak ridge National Laboratory Spectrometer Reads the Chemical Fingerprints of the Samplesthe spectrometer's readings are translated into graphs that show single peaks that are easily identifiable phenotypes from
Dr. Stephen Blake of the Max Planck Institute says: Forest elephants need two things: they need adequate space in
) Dian Fossey Gorilla Foundation International the Jane Goodall Institute Lukuru Foundation Zoological Society of London Fauna and Flora International Max Planck Institute San diego
Operation Loango Prince Bernhard Wildlife Fund RAPAC The Arcus Foundation The Aspinall Foundation The Born Free Foundation The Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics at The University of Amsterdam
and composition increased human wildlife conflicts new predator-prey dynamics and decreased biotic integrity (a measure of how pristine a wildlife community is).
Post said that the next step in his research will be to study the contribution of plant diversity to long-term stability of carbon dynamics in the atmosphere and in the soil.
#Hunt for distant planets intensifieswhen astronomers discovered planet GJ 1214b circling a star more than 47 light-years from Earth in 2009 their data presented two possibilities.
Along came Jacob Bean now an assistant professor in astronomy & astrophysics at the University of Chicago who used a new method called multi-object spectroscopy to analyze the planet s atmosphere from large ground-based telescopes.
Aided by technology Bean and his colleagues are surmounting the challenge of inferring the atmospheric composition of planets that were invisible to humans just a few years ago.#
and is now a growing component of UCHICAGO s research agenda in astronomy. One estimate published in January calculated that our Milky way galaxy alone contains at least 17 billion Earth-sized planets with a vast potential for life-sustaining worlds.
Pursuing the exoplanet search via complementary methods are Bean and Daniel Fabrycky another assistant professor in astronomy & astrophysics.
Bean has received a 60-orbit allocation on the Hubble Space Telescope to continue his observations on GJ 1214b a sign of the work s importance.
#oeit s interesting to note that all the instruments astronomers have used to study exoplanet atmospheres so far were designed never for that#Bean said.#
#If GJ 1214b is a water world#oeit would be very different than anything in our own solar system#said Harvard university astronomy Professor David Charbonneau whose team discovered the planet.
One major push along that front was the $600-million Kepler mission launched in 2009.
#A Kepler research veteran Fabrycky began his UCHICAGO faculty appointment last October. Fabrycky precisely measures the timing of transits the mini eclipses that planets cause as they pass in front of their stars.
So far Kepler has confirmed 105 planet discoveries to its credit and has identified 2740 planet candidates.
As a postdoctoral scientist at the University of California Santa cruz two years ago Fabrycky was a member of a team that discovered six planets orbiting a single star called Kepler-11.#
Bean and his colleagues have made the best observations of planetary atmospheres so far using the Hubble Telescope the Spitzer Space Telescope and in Chile the Very Large Telescope array and the twin Magellan Telescopes.
Within 25 years practically no ash trees may remain on either side of the St lawrence Seaway said Akhlesh Lakhtakia Charles Godfrey Binder Professor of Engineering science and Mechanics at Penn State.
Spectral analysis a method of analyzing the electromagnetic radiation coming from plants and other objects is being used in the K-State Agronomy Department to determine the level of photosynthetic activity of vegetation in many different situations.
and Nathan Keep used a ground-based spectroradiometer to gather spectral data in the visible and infrared spectra at various stages of growth
SIT involves mass release of radiation-sterilized insects which mate but produce no offspring thus reducing the population of pests.
They include difficulty in producing male-only sterile insects without the use of radiation which reduces their ability to compete with wild males for mates.
The team looked at the dynamics of water availability to the trees by examining the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the sap contained in the tree veins that transport water.
Grants from the Biocomplexity and Human-Social Dynamics programs at the National Science Foundation supported the research.
and also comprised scientists from the University of California in Santa barbara the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Stanford (California) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble (France).
The use of microscopic synchrotron X-ray beams at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) and at the ESRF enabled scientists to determine the chemical form of these metals
We used X-ray beams 1000 times thinner than a human hair and the way in
A detailed spectral analysis of the X-ray signals showed that the cerium in the nodules
The above story is provided based on materials by European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
These newly formed pickup ions begin to gyrate around the local interstellar magnetic field just outside the solar system.
In the regions where the magnetic field is perpendicular to their initial motion they scatter rapidly
The syrup you pour on a pancake piles up before slowly oozing out to the sides says Dr. David Mccomas IBEX principal investigator and assistant vice president of the Swri Space science and Engineering Division.
Using information provided by this new model future studies of the ribbon could help determine the properties of the nearby galactic magnetic field opening a window into the physics of the nearby galactic medium.
In addition the IBEX ribbon could provide researchers with a means for measuring the strength of the interstellar magnetic field as well as its direction.
In 1873 German physicist Ernst Abbe worked out the mathematics to improve resolution in light microscopes.
But Abbe's calculations also established the optical version of the sound barrier: the diffraction limit an unavoidable spreading of light.
Using REMO the regional climate model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology researchers tested
so you could do some real work said Rice university theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson chuckling at the absurd image.
which might bring in lots of new physics and chemistry especially on the nanoscale. For example 2-D boron is more conductive than graphene because of its unique electronic structure and atomic arrangement.
but when it is increased due to solar radiation the gradient increases. For the same average global surface temperature increase the weaker SST gradient produces less rainfall especially over tropical land says co-author Bin Wang professor of meteorology.
thus reducing the usual SST gradient--a situation similar to El Niã o. Solar radiation on the other hand heats Earth's surface increasing the usual temperature difference between the surface
) This research was supported by the U s. Air force Office of Scientific research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative by the UK Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council and through a postdoctoral research fellowship from the Alexander Von humboldt Foundation.
and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Germany. This study was funded by the U s. Department of energy's Office of Science and the National aeronautics and space administration.
Famiglietti an Earth system science professor in the School of Physical sciences and colleague Min-Hui Lo a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California Center for Hydrologic Modeling who is now at National Taiwan
dynamics problem--the prediction of noise generated by a supersonic jet engine. Joseph Nichols a research associate in the center worked on the newly installed Sequoia IBM Bluegene/Q system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL) funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program of the National
Because of Sequoia's impressive numbers of cores Nichols was able to show for the first time that million-core fluid dynamics simulations are possible
The physics of noisethe exhausts of high-performance aircraft at takeoff and landing are among the most powerful human-made sources of noise.
The data gleaned from these simulations are based driving computation scientific discovery as researchers uncover the physics of noise.
More cores more challengescomputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations like the one Nichols solved are incredibly complex.
A focused ion beam system was used later to create even finer patterns down to 100-nanometer resolution without masks.
Though intensively studied for decades until now an understanding of bark beetle population dynamics--extreme ups and downs--has remained elusive.
and for predators that eat both beetle species. The authors suggest that other pest species with catastrophic impacts may also have natural dynamics that include a tipping point between the bipolar population states.
and department chair of physics and astronomy at Rice. This is the first time anyone has arranged these four cell types in the same way that they are found in lung tissue.
The international research project is led by researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute and the very important results are published in the scientific journal Nature.
The new results from the NEEM ice core drilling project in northwest Greenland led by the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen show that the climate in Greenland was around 8 degrees C warmer than today during the last interglacial
which indicates that the contribution from the Greenland ice sheet was less than half the total sea-level rise during that period says Dorthe Dahl-Jensen Professor at the Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen and leader of the NEEM-project.
or NEEM led by the Niels Bohr Institute is an international project with participants from 14 countries.
The new findings show higher temperatures in northern Greenland during the Eemian than current climate models have estimated says Professor Dorthe Dahl-Jensen Niels Bohr Institute.
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