but Ian Boyd, chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra) Â says that it is more likely that the spores arrived naturally.
the spores were blown probably on the wind from continental Europe, where the fungus has ravaged ash trees from Poland to France for more than a decade.
 When the spores reached European ashes in Poland, the trees had little ability to cope with the pathogen,
Maurice Leponce, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciencesa"blushing phantom butterfly, Cithaerias pireta, rests briefly on a palm leaf in San Lorenzo forest.
Stem-cell ruling In a landmark decision, the German Federal court of Justice ruled on 27 Â November that patents may be granted on human embryonic stem cells
A European Court of Justice ruling had said last year that research patents depending even indirectly on human embryonic stem cells should be outlawed on moral grounds.
The European court also equated human embryonic stem-cell lines with embryos, but the German court explicitly stated that they are not equivalent.
Stem-cell reforms California s US$3-billion stem-cell agency the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in San francisco is to reform its governance structure to minimize conflicts of interest,
"Scientists need to continuously develop resistant varieties in order to keep coffee leaf rust disease at bay, Phiri says."
Stem-cell finale The US Supreme court has guaranteed that government-funded researchers will continue to be able to work with human embryonic stem cells.
which two researchers working with adult stem cells challenged the legality of the National institutes of health (NIH) funding the work,
Stem-cell transfer  Pioneering biotechnology company Geron is shedding its assets in human embryonic stem cells.
Geron funded initial academic work to isolate human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s, but current management said that the technology is a poor investment.
causing soil acidification, fertilizing harmful algal blooms and threatening biodiversity, says Zhang. But until his study"
who used the progeny of Monsanto seeds to sow his land for eight seasons. The company says that by not buying seeds for each generation,
from seeds to microbes, prompting them to revisit terminator-like technology.""If I were at Monsanto and
but bypassed the company by purchasing seed for a late-season crop from a grain elevator known to contain Monsanto s transgenic seed.
they have little recourse to prevent someone from buying seed or a cell culture or a transgenic animal and using it to generate thousands more to sell again at a fraction of the original price."
"Once you have sold the first seed, you are done, says Hans Sauer, deputy general counsel for intellectual property at the Biotechnology industry Organization, a lobby group in WASHINGTON DC.
a seed that could be harvested for food but would not produce offspring. The controversial proposal raised concerns that it would make farmers dependent on industry for their livelihood.
There are alternatives to making sterile seeds (see Terminator, the sequel. One tactic would be to switch off the transgene of interest in seeds,
so that they could grow into new plants but would not pass on the benefits of the engineered trait.
But around the city of Gumi, about 280 kilometres south of Seoul, blighted branches still bore a shroud of brown, withered leaves reminders of the chemical accident that shook the region some three months earlier.
Fungi and roots store a surprisingly large share of the world's carbonthe largest fraction of carbon held in the soils of northern forests may derive from the living
and the decomposing roots of trees and shrubs and the fungi that live on them. By some estimates, the planet's soils contain more than twice the carbon in the atmosphere.
twigs and branches, says Bjã rn Lindahl, a fungal ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala.
The difference in carbon-sequestration rates, the researchers report in Science1, can be explained entirely by carbon derived from the roots of trees and shrubs and their symbiotic fungi.
Whereas about 47%of the soil carbon on the large islands came from roots and ectomycorrhizal fungi
It is unclear why the small islands built up a larger fraction of root-and fungi-derived carbon in the past century,
as well as their roots and fungi, causing an ovrall increase in carbon sequestration
Will we kill off today's animals if we revive extinct ones? An article by Scientific American.
Going from DNA to a stem cell of some kind that is then coaxed into becoming a sperm or egg cell,
"It adds to a growing body of information demonstrating the complexity of humpback-whale behaviour and its apparent roots in social learning,
imidacloprid and thiamethoxam should not be used where they might end up in crops that attract bees, such as oilseed rape and maize.
clothianidin-treated or imidacloprid-treated seeds. It found"no clear consistent relationships between pesticide levels
wood and roots. The sink varies from year to year, but on average it soaks up one-quarter of the annual CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.
which stores carbon in leaves, roots and soil. It had a smaller effect on soil respiration,
and 40%have high levels of phosphorus. This nutrient pollution causes algal blooms (pictured; near the Iron Gate dam on the Klamath River in northern California), the breakdown of which saps water of the oxygen that aquatic life needs to survive."
where they survived by sucking fluids from tree roots. With the warm weather this month, the nymphs have been crawling out of the ground before moulting for one last time and taking wing.
After mating, the females cut slits into tree branches and lay their eggs there. By the time the eggs hatch
it destroyed the tubers, and there was nothing for this very poor part of the population to eat
Indiana farmer Vernon Bowman argued that Monsanto s patents did not apply to seeds he purchased from a grain elevator (storage tower) that contained a mixture of surplus crops,
saying that US patent law"provides no haven for propagating crops from such seeds. See go. nature. com/uil764 for more.
Its plump, green seed pods resembled those of a family of plants known in Peru as sacha inchi,
But the pods of the new plant, later dubbed Plukenetia carolis-vegae, were bigger than those sprouted by the known sacha inchi species Plukenetia volubilis and Plukenetia huayllabambana.
Familiar with sacha inchi and impressed with his find s large seeds, he transplanted it to his garden.
he and his family had developed a taste for the roasted seeds and had sold some of their harvest.
producing bigger seeds and more leathery leaves. But he would rather focus on the two plants potential similarities.
the seeds of P. carolis-vegae will be full of an essential omega-3 fatty acid that the body cannot make itself, Ã Â-linolenic acid (ALA).
On his desk, Bussmann keeps a single dried seed from the plant in a plastic bag.
Grape seeds and skins were also found scattered nearby.""The combination of botanical and chemical evidence makes a pretty tight argument that wine was being produced at Lattara,
The french National assembly approved legislation to permit research on human embryonic stem cells and embryos. The decision,
The European Food safety Authority in Parma, Italy, concluded in May that maize (corn) seeds treated with fipronil pose a high acute risk to honeybees. ips trial approved On 19 july, Japan s health minister,
Norihisa Tamura, approved the world s first trial in humans of induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells.
Masayo Takahashi, a stem-cell biologist at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, plans to use sheets of retinal cells derived from ips cells to repair retinal epithelium in patients
because its roots can trap sediment, making it ideal for erosion control and land reclamation.
It colonizes an area by forming dense bundles with deeply penetrating roots squeezing out native plants
For example, without the ebb and flow of tides, the sea bulrush (Scirpus mariqueter), a native intertidal grass bearing fruit and stalks that are key food sources for many birds
based in Bonn, Germany, in partnership with the Millennium Seed Bank at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew,
As a result, each flower produced one-third fewer seeds on average.""This is a spectacularly interesting study,
Brosi's study measured seed production only in larkspur a plant that is pollinated by several species of bumblebee.
This economy was noted in the fourth century ad by the mathematician Pappus of Alexandria, who contended that the bees had"a certain geometrical forethought.
No GM wheat has yet been approved to be grown commercially in the United states. The company says that all seed from the field trials conducted on more than 400 hectares in 16 states (see Sifting for GM wheat) was accounted for and either secured or destroyed.
USDA, MONSANTOMONSANTO had shipped MON71800 seed to breeders around the country for crossing with commercial varieties optimized for each region s climate, day length and disease profile.
seeds from farther afield could mean that someone had saved intentionally seed and released it. But pinning down the variety is difficult,
but Fraley argues that those who illegally enter fields to demolish crops could also break into experimental plots to collect seed.
They were found in localized patches in only one of two wheat fields that had been planted with the same non-GM seed.
and drop most of its seeds before the rest of the crop was harvested. Those seeds would fall straight down,
generating a clump of herbicide-resistant offspring. No explanation is completely satisfying, acknowledges Rene Van Acker, a weed scientist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.
"We had to account for pretty much every seed in and every seed out, down to the gram, recalls Van Acker.
removing seeds with tweezers when necessary. But Carol Mallory-Smith, the OSU weed scientist who first tested the Oregon plants three months ago,
if one of the field-test seeds had escaped. She has found transgenic crops in stranger places.
and sugar cane in the hope of cutting greenhouse-gas emissions. Yet for more than half a decade, scientists have warned that many food-based fuels might actually be boosting emissions relative to fossil fuels.
Europe is even importing rapeseed and vegetable oil to meet demand. But the original accounting for biofuel emissions was all wrong,
The root of the different immune responses lies with the mushroom-shaped haemagglutinin protein found on the outside of influenza-virus particles
but the make-up of its cap and stem vary between strains. In the study, a vaccine for H1n2 spurred pigs to produce antibodies that bound the cap and the stem of that virus s haemagglutinin.
But some of those antibodies also targeted the stem of H1n1 s haemagglutinin protein, helping that virus fuse to cell membranes.
That made H1n1 more efficient at infecting pigs and causing disease. The finding may give some vaccine developers pause.
Much of the work to develop a universal flu vaccine has targeted the stems of haemagglutinin proteins
including those that target haemagglutinin stems, he adds.""We should be very careful. Gary Nabel, a flu-vaccine researcher and chief scientific officer at the biotechnology firm Sanofi in Cambridge, Massachusetts, agrees."
Instead, those early farmers used deep plowing, a practice that enabled grain roots to tap the moisture in the soil,
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the branch of the agriculture department responsible for overseeing GM CROPS,
grew more shoots and flowers and produced 48-125%more seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids in the absence of glyphosate.
and were heavily dependent on rye and barley crops in an unfavourable growing climate. The researchers analysed data on crop yields over a 50-year period that culminated in a severe famine in the 1860s
which had expressed previously support for easing Germany s tough restrictions on stem-cell research, lost its representation in parliament.
to get seeds onto the market in the next 3-5 Â years. Agriculture s climate problem is a nitrogen-fertilizer problem.
which washes into ponds and causes ecologically harmful algae blooms. Nitrate can also be converted to nitrous oxide (N2o) gas,
After years of hunting, they identified a nitrification inhibitor secreted by the grass s roots.
Arcadia expects commercial partners to bring seeds to market by 2017, and in December 2012, the United nations Clean Development Mechanism approved a plan for farmers to earn sellable emissions reduction credits by using the company s technology.
The project will start with the laser data collected by planes flying out of Kinshasa (see Leaf by leaf.
A case in point is the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, an insect that feeds on plant vascular tissue called phloem.
One of the key outcomes has been to develop terrestrial oilseeds that produce fish oils. We ve mobilized the genes from algae that make some of these oils and put them into oilseed crops.
And sure enough we ve been able to make oils that are as good as in some cases even better than fish oils.
a branch of the Department of energy that funds high-risk, high-payoff research. Currently on leave from the University of Maryland in College Park, Williams has been chief scientist for oil-and-gas giant BP since 2010.
In Asia, pine-wood nematodes spread with the help of Japanese pine sawyer beetles (in the Monochamus genus). The worms enter the respiratory system of hatching beetle pupae in the trunks of diseased trees
and their hollow trunks provide an ideal place for mature beetles to mate and lay eggs in.
The plant s reproductive structures are encased in tepals a hybrid between petals and leaflike support structures called sepals.
Amborella is the only species in its genus, family and order.""Phylogenetically, it s really the equivalent of the duck-billed platypus and monotremes, says Claude depamphilis, a plant evolutionary biologist at Pennsylvania State university in University Park, who co-led researchers on the Amborella Genome Project.
His team s analysis also provides insight into the evolution of complex seeds, floral scents and other features of flowering plants.
Another possibility is the import of infected rhizomes the stems from which banana plants propagate.
The company plans to sell a mixture of fungi for coating rice and maize (corn) seeds,
Although symbiotic plant-microbe relationships such as those of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the roots of legumes have been known for many decades,
compared to untreated seeds, the product increased maize yields by 85%in Michigan during a 2012 drought, increased seed germination rates by two to five times during 5 °C cold snaps,
including soya beans, wheat, barley and sugar cane. But the question of whether Bioensure will work in commercial conditions is hard to answer:
sit at trophic level 3. Cod, a fish that eats other fish, claims level 4. Polar bears and orcas,
and Drug Administration to test therapies involving embryonic stem cells. See Nature http://doi. org/q8f (2014) for more.
including sugar cane and maize (corn). But most of the biomass produced in agriculture and forestry lies unused in more-complex chains of sugars, for example lignin and cellulose.
branches and limbs throughout the canopy to calculate overall tree growth. Stephen Sillett, a botanist at Humboldt State university in Arcata
The results are consistent with the known reduction in growth at the leaf level as trees age.
More widespread use of the genetically modified seeds, which are made by Dow Agrosciences in Indianapolis, Indiana,
Physician Michele Bloch, chief of the Tobacco Control Research Branch at the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Maryland, calls the study by Levy and colleagues"powerful
Stem-cell patent Woo Suk Hwang the  disgraced Korean stem-cell scientist, was granted a patent from the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for human embryonic stem cell technology on 11  February.
Hwang was found guilty of embezzlement and bioethics violations in 2009 (see Nature 505,468-471;
and that the terms of the patent state that his stem-cell lines must be made available on request.
Stem-cell ruling Certain types of stem-cell treatment should be regulated as drugs, a US appeals court decided on 4 Â February.
The ruling rejects claims by Regenerative Sciences of Broomfield, Colorado, that its stem-cell therapy, used in orthopaedic applications,
Research apology The Japanese research institute that is home to several authors of two controversial stem-cell papers has apologized for errors in the research.
He says that timing is critical for getting seeds distributed to sites where they can take root
if their seeds do not spread properly. And many saplings could perish if the summer is particularly brutal.
Thousands of tonnes of corn stover the leaves, stalks and husks left over after the maize harvest are stacked already waiting
The trunk and branches would be made of steel pipes and outfitted with motion sensors. Dancing around the tree device trigger unique beats and melodies that would emanate from a speaker nested in a birdhouse.
âÂ# 1. Proximitythree ultrasonic sensors at the top of the trunk emit inaudible high-frequency sounds
whose little roots would never touch Earth. And which could actually be tastier than those weird dry ice cream blocks.
and you can feed them the plant parts that we just don't eat. -Just trying to keep my girlish asymptote e
The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.
Thaumetopoea pityocampa larvae feast on the foliage of trees throughout southern Europe and the Mediterranean though the species seems to be expanding its territory north and to higher altitudes recently.
New American oak barrels are used by distilleries in the U s. to age bourbon and rye.
Wheat stem rust has the ability to turn a healthy-looking crop only one week away from harvest into a tangle of black stems Liang Qu the director of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme
From Kenya other countries may get the seeds through trade. But researchers aren't resting yet nor can they ever.
That's because they expect that wheat stem rust will eventually evolve resistance to these new wheats at
International atomic energy agency nuclear radiated biological mutant seed enhancement amplified evolutionary adapation production against wheat rust desease for Kenyan farmers.
On their own these look yellow or orange carotenoids give color to corn and carrots for example but they re invisible beneath the chlorophyllic green of a leaf for most of the year.
âÂ#Âoethe color of a leaf is subtractive like crayons on a piece of paperã¢Â# says David Lee formerly of Florida International University who has studied leaf color since 1973.
Where chlorophyll and anthocyanins coexist the color of a leaf may run to bronze as in ash trees.
At high enough concentrations anthocyanins will make a leaf look almost purple as in Japanese maples.
Its spores lie dormant and harmless in the large intestine of certain individuals and are kept normally this way by the bacteria which colonise the intestine.
</i>spores are more likely to germinate into the'adult'bacteria which cause the nasty symptoms.
Brown is the CEO of Beyond Meat a four-year-old company that manufactures a meat substitute made mainly from soy and pea proteins and amaranth.
Using animals as a method of seed dispersal is actually a useful form of mutualism âÂ#Âthe plants get to spread their genes
and having ingested seeds is solid evidence for this. It shows that sometimes stepping back and taking a broad look at evidence can reveal some interesting things.
Vodka gin tequila brandy/cognac rum pisco bourbon rye scotch cachaca etc. Sour elements: Lemon juice lime juice grapefruit juice yuzu juice (make sure it s unsalted.
It's about the size of a big housecat and lives in the dense foliage of trees from rainforests to hardwood forests to eucalyptus forests.
milligrams per 8 ounces about the same as two cans of soda plus various energy boosters like caffeine ginseng and taurine.
and has no beard. 4. Sustainable Dietscolobus monkeys are almost exclusively leaf-eaters filling an important niche in the tops of the African forest.
The colobus uses its fingers like a hook to grab onto and swing from branches.
or cures are as good as Stem Cell Therapies which replace the bodies dwindling source pluro stem cells for various cell types.
Activated stem cells not plasma activated but real trophin and peptide based activation are the bees knees
when it comes to health. They can fix any damage of any cell and become the damaged or missing cells themselves.
There is nothing that Stem Cells can't fix...including HIV. Nothing. Enjoy!!!Do not try
Much of the wood used to make the pulp that's turned into paper is actually byproducts of wood used to make other items--a cobbled-together mush of regular wood woodchips sawdust and other wood detritus.
Normally coffee farmers and processors pick the berries from their coffee trees remove the fruits'flesh from their seeds ferment the seeds
and roast the seeds. For civet coffee a cute Southeast Asian forest creature called the Asian palm civet helps out with some of these steps.
when the first new cloud species at that time was observed the cirrus intortus. Many if not most who oppose chemtrails believe they began around 1997
and not that she no longer (because of DE) wants her brace for her back anymore (she always clung to for dear life for a decade+)nor her cane
It had sustained some damage to its left forward wing root but the wing flaps were down
and Colombia--delightfully called cloud forests--and rarely comes down from the trees adept as it is at leaping around the branches.
#Coconut Husks Make for A Stronger, Lighter Paddleboardwhile biking near his home in Thailand Paolo Cechetti noticed a man weaving raw coconut-husk fibers into bags.
and cleaning the coconut-husk fibers by hand. Next they lay them out randomly sandwich the layer of strands in fiberglass and insert a polystyrene core.
or damaged styro blocks the seedlings are grown in) and coconut husk. The coco is the magic ingredient.
One of the farmers'worries is the cost of GMO seeds and the privatization of the nation's staple crop spokesman Bert Autor told Remate.
in order to avoid being sued by corporations like Monsanto in case of accidental seed distribution. They made the law
The Philippine Rice Research Institute is a branch of the International Rice Research Institute which studies golden rice.
Having to buy new seed from the manufacturer every year? No thanks...Monsanto does exactly that and it is a huge cause of farmer bancruptcy in the third world
and can print with many more cell types including stem cells muscle cells and vascular cells. They also designed one printer to create both the synthetic scaffold and tissue in one fell swoop;
Science however has realized that Stem Cells from our babies work better and wonã¢Â#Â#t realize why until they read my paper.
Plants sequester some of the carbon dioxide they breathe in storing it in their branches and trunk and roots as well as depositing some in the soil they live in offsetting somewhat the carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere.
To turn deserts into a viable spot for carbon sequestration the researchers assembled a diverse team of specialists with knowledge ranging from irrigation and carbon sequestration to desalination and economics.
It also produces a seed rich in an oil suitable for use as sustainable and environmentally-friendly biodiesel fuel.
One day he happened across a story about a little chicken who got hit on the head by an acorn falling from a tree
would be to store the seeds of healthy oranges in a controlled sealed environment. Yes store the seeds
and take it a step further. And that is destroy all the orange trees and the disease will will die with them.
and then plant the seeds. But this is so obvious that it must not be a viable solution
Would you like that 3-D printed tree to be made of say the pulp of one tree and some cellulose from a few more?
just as the organic grocery stores and adventurous Japanese fusion tapas restaurants come to gentrifying neighborhoods. A smartphone ecosystem is not unlike a neighborhood:
Some trees that were right below the blast were still there looking like telephone poles with no bark
or branches left on them. This Asteroid did not even hit the Ground and this is known by most as the TUNGUSKA EVENT.
Plants incorporate carbon into their roots stems and leaves as they grow. Animals then get that carbon from eating plants
The president's 21-page climate change initiative has been a long time coming for many who felt that Obama's rhetoric on climate change has been more bark than bite.
It um didn't. A few weeks later Yin leapt onto a branch that overhung the electric fence
Pichu was discovered about two miles away from the zoo up on a tree branch by a very surprised farmer.
It made its way over to the nearby and leafy Regents Park where it was spotted by park security at 3 a m. just hanging out on a tree branch.
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