#Weeds grow bigger among corn; Weeds influence gene expression, growth in cornthe axiom growing like a weed takes on new meaning in light of changes in gene expression that occur
when weeds interact with the crops they infest according to plant scientist Sharon Clay. Using sophisticated genetic-mapping techniques the South dakota State university professor
and her research team are documenting how corn and weeds influence one another. Weeds grow like weeds
when they grow with corn says Clay. They grow bigger and taller in corn than by themselves.
And inversely corn grows less among weeds. Over the last 20 years Clay has been studying weed management in range
and cropping systems weed physiology and interactions among herbicides soil and crops. The weed scientist was the first woman to serve as president of the American Society of Agronomy.
She has received two awards from the Weed Science Society of America for outstanding papers published in Weed Science--one in 2007 and another in 2012.
Both articles were written in collaboration with David Horvath a research plant physiologist for the Agricultural research service at the U s. Department of agriculture in Fargo N d. Growing better among cornto figure out how corn
and weeds affect each other's gene response Clay and a team of two research associates and a soils expert planted plots of velvetleaf alone corn with velvetleaf and corn kept weed-free.
The researchers saw an entirely different response when velvetleaf was grown by itself versus among corn plants.
The velvetleaf alone was shorter and stouter Clay explains. In addition specific genes that influenced photosynthesis
and other important plant responses differed in expression. Another study compared the corn's growth and yield in response to weeds lack of nitrogen or shade.
In all cases Clay and Horvath found that genes were expressed differentially compared with nonstressed plants.
Traditionally weeds have been thought to reduce crop growth and yield due to competition for water nutrients and light.
This study however indicates that weed-crop interactions are much more complex than researchers have thought.
When grown with weeds genes that control the major facets of the corn plant's metabolism were decreased
Having long-term impactwhen the researchers started taking weeds out of the corn at early points such as
when compared to corn without weeds. However Clay points out the amount of biomass--the stem
The genes never recovered says Clay even after the weeds were removed. The impact is long term she adds
which further builds the case for controlling weeds early. These changes in gene expression can help explain instances in which the yield is unaffected
and grow like weeds. These will cover an area fast so be aware of that.
Each subject performed 10 common gardening tasks in a high tunnel and in a nearby grassy area with a vegetable garden and weeds.
Although their research has been performed in a weed called'Arabidopsis thaliana'the work horse of plant geneticists the team is confident that their discovery can be used for the protection of crops from their enemies.
#Impact of pelargonic acid for weed control in yellow squashgrowers who produce squash for market are interested increasingly in using more natural herbicides that are also effective in providing season-long weed control
but the options for controlling annual broadleaf weeds in summer squash are limited currently. The authors of a new study say that both organic
and conventional producers will benefit from the identification of natural herbicides that effectively provide postemergent weed control.
and animals and is found in many foods--on weed control efficacy crop injury and squash yields of yellow squash.
The experiments included an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free control. Pelargonic acid was applied in Mid-july
Results of the experiments revealed that maximum smooth crabgrass control broadleaf weed control and yellow nutsedge control occurred with the 15-lb/acre PA treatment at 9 days after initial spray treatment and 1 day after the sequential treatment.
Pelargonic acid was less effective at controlling yellow nutsedge than smooth crabgrass and broadleaf weeds. Analyses showed that increasing the PA application rate increased the crop injury rating at 1 and 3 days after each application;
-or 15-lb/acre rates and yields and fruit number equivalent to the hand-weeded weed-free treatment.
This research determined that a sequential postdirected application of pelargonic acid at 10-lb/acre in 40-gal/acre can consistently produce satisfactory weed control with low crop injury to produce weed-free
Olsen studies rice and cassava and is interested currently in rice mimics weeds that look enough like rice that they fly under the radar even
And ragweed allergies are linked also to allergies to bananas cantaloupe cucumber zucchini and chamomile tea.
It's an additional treatment option for those who are allergic to some types of grasses but not those allergic to other varieties of grass trees and weeds.
According to ACAAI those with seasonal allergies can be affected by the pollen of 11 different types of weeds and trees and eight varieties of grass.
Although the approved tablets are beneficial only for those suffering from some forms of grass allergy the FDA's approval will help open the door for others getting approved such as tablets for ragweed and dust mite allergy.
The scientists looked at the genes'response to five abiotic stresses--drought heavy metal contamination salt cold and nutrient deprivation--and five biotic stresses--bacteria fungus insect predation weed
. However it seems that in most years autumn weather plays a bigger role perhaps acting as a filter that weeds out weaker birds before the real winter hits.
Benefits included increased carbon and nitrogen in soils erosion prevention more mycorrhizal colonization--beneficial soil fungus that helps plants absorb nutrients--and weed suppression.
For example nutrient-retention benefits occur primarily during cover crop growth weed-suppression benefits occur during cash-crop growth through a cover crop legacy effect
The research funded by the U s. Department of agriculture used simulated management practices including tillage synthetic fertilizer use and mechanical weed control.
In addition to growing truly native plants like foxgloves where possible gardeners can help native pollinators by setting aside a small area to allow native brambles vetches dead nettles
and weeds cause hay fever from the summer through the fall. Ragweed is often one of the biggest offenders in most regions as it can grow in nearly every environment.
There's no reason for people with allergies to suffer Dr. Rosenstreich said. As long as you take the proper precautions you should be able to enjoy the outdoors
Co-author Antonio Ditommaso Cornell associate professor of weed ecology and management and research technician Scott Morris gathered soil cores--from both within and outside of fenced deer exclosures
pesticidesresistance to pesticides has now been recorded in nearly a thousand pest species including more than 500 insects 218 weeds and 190 fungi that attack plants.
and fastest-growing flowering plants that often becomes a hard-to-control weed in ponds and small lakes.
There are many good reasons to reduce agriculture's reliance on chemical weed control. But for the objective of plant species conservation other strategies like preserving farmland habitats including woodlots pastures
Egan worked with David Mortensen professor of weed and applied plant ecology and Ian Graham an undergraduate student in plant science.
and nettle leaves (Urtica dioica). Managers in the Philly II study also describe talking with foragers of Italian Hispanic
and itch it may be a symptom of ragweed allergy. But more help might be on the way for some of the 23 million hay fever sufferers.
and efficacy of oral tablets used to treat ragweed allergy symptoms. The committee is likely to approve these tablets which will mark great improvement in the fight against allergy said allergist Michael Foggs MD president of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
Assuming the committee also approves the ragweed allergy tablets the FDA will then have to approve both the grass
and ragweed tablets before they can be made available to allergy sufferers. Currently the best treatment for those with moderate-to-severe allergy symptoms is allergy shots also known as immunotherapy.
Allergy shots can be customized to provide relief to multiple allergens including tree grass weed mold house dust dander and mold while offering the assurance of more than 100 years of experience in causing remission not just symptom
whether the new allergy tablets will allow sufferers to eat ragweed relatives like avocado melons and some fruits like allergy shots permit.
or accidental fires would usually be followed by specific weeds and trees that flourish in charred ground we found evidence that this particular fire was followed by the growth of fruit trees.
One of the major indicators of human action in the rainforest is the sheer prevalence of fast-growing'weed'trees such as Macaranga Celtis and Trema.
Any plywood manufacturer could pick up some weeds and do this. I don â¢t look at this as my innovation.
Urban farming, the wildly popular green trend that is spreading like weeds in New york city and other metropolises, is an environmental sham.
At airports such as Atlanta â¢s Hartsfield-Jackson International, officials have added the animals to their grounds crew as a low-cost way to cut down on weeds
After just two days of testing the sheep â¢s weed-whacking abilities in a test acre lot near Atlanta's airport,
the animals had eaten through nearly half of the high-flying weeds in the area. Since the airport has about 3
and officials at Chicago O â¢Hare are currently contemplating the use of goats to cut down on weeds.
The Chicago Department of Aviation recently put out a bid calling for someone to supply goats to eat up some weeds surrounding O â¢Hare
The aptly-named Big Bud is a fully functional weed farm that features programmable lights,
What's kind of reactions do you get from people regarding the idea of allowing customers to wheel around their weed supply?
We're pleased with our organic process for weed abatement airport spokesman Doug Yakel said. The airport paid $14, 900 for the service this year.
pathogens or weeds that could harm local crops. Led by USDA plant geneticist Stephanie Greene and St petersburg State university scientist Alexandr Afonin,
But critics say it speeds the growth of super weeds. And still others say it raises health concerns like infertility and cancer.
and new herbicide-tolerant crops that they hope will halt the advance of weed resistance and silence critics.
weed by tobym via Flickr
Weighing what trash is worth at Mexico city'Bartering Market'MEXICO CITY oe Sunday morning brings swarms of people to Chapultepec Park to walk, run, bike or just meander among the trees and the vendors of snacks
Cicero has all the signs of a post-industrial area, such as railroad tracks overgrown with weeds. Studio Gang designed a new concept for home sales:
We re developing a bio-herbicide to kill weeds that would replace the chemical herbicides.
it becomes a weed. The researchers took a road trip in a red Ford explorer to scale most of the state,
The researchers found the weed growing in gas stations, cemeteries, ball parks, and along roads. It is unclear of
In fact, canola can mate'with 40 different weed species around the world. However, United states regulatory agencies have said previously that volunteer populations of GM,
Try to figure out ways by maybe using weed sprays instead of cultivation farmer Greg Markarian told KFSN in Fresno.
if the farmers who grow that food are committed to using permaculture practices like cultivation instead of spraying herbicides to control weeds.
Monsanto engineered the alfalfa seeds to be resistant to the weed killing herbicide Roundup Ready,
That allows farmers to spray their fields to kill weeds while leaving the crop intact, making weed control easy.
Yet a number of so-called superweeds â weeds that have developed an immunity to Roundup, including pigweed and horseweed â are growing on millions of acres of farmland in 22 states,
including California. That, in turn, has farmers using far more potent herbicides on their land and chemical companies starting to sell old chemical compounds that posed more environmental risks than Roundup
to encourage natural legumes and weeds; and to discourage certain woody growths that are competing with the forest and not very helpful to wildlife.
Superweedsfarmers Cope with Roundup-Resistant Weeds For 15 years, Eddie Anderson, a farmer, has been a strict adherent of no-till agriculture,
and mixing herbicides into the soil to kill weeds where soybeans will soon be planted. Just as the heavy use of antibiotics contributed to the rise of drug-resistant supergerms,
pull weeds by hand and return to more labor-intensive methods like regular plowing. oewe re back to where we were 20 years ago,
However, if Roundup doesn t kill the weeds, farmers have little incentive to spend the extra money for the special seeds.
It kills a broad spectrum of weeds, is easy and safe to work with, and breaks down quickly, reducing its environmental impact.
allowing farmers to spray their fields to kill the weeds while leaving the crop unharmed.
But farmers sprayed so much Roundup that weeds quickly evolved to survive it. oewhat we re talking about here is Darwinian evolution in fast-forward,
Mike Owen, a weed scientist at Iowa State university, said. Now, Roundup-resistant weeds like horseweed and giant ragweed are forcing farmers to go back to more expensive techniques that they had abandoned long ago.
Mr. Anderson, the farmer, is wrestling with a particularly tenacious species of glyphosate-resistant pest called Palmer amaranth,
By combining Roundup and Roundup Ready crops, farmers did not have to plow under the weeds to control them.
a weed scientist at the University of Arkansas, said. In addition, some critics of genetically engineered crops say that the use of extra herbicides,
So far, weed scientists estimate that the total amount of United states farmland afflicted by Roundup-resistant weeds is relatively small seven million to 10 million acres, according to Ian Heap, director of the International
Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, which is financed by the agricultural chemical industry. There are roughly 170 million acres planted with corn, soybeans and cotton, the crops most affected.
Roundup-resistant weeds are also found in several other countries including Australia, China and Brazil, according to the survey.
and Roundup Ready seeds. oeyou re having to add another product with the Roundup to kill your weeds,
Monsanto argues that Roundup still controls hundreds of weeds. But the company is concerned enough about the problem that it is taking the extraordinary step of subsidizing cotton farmers purchases of competing herbicides to supplement Roundup.
saying that the emergence of resistant weeds jeopardized the substantial benefits that genetically engineered crops were providing to farmers and the environment.
Weed scientists are urging farmers to alternate glyphosate with other herbicides. But the price of glyphosate has been falling as competition increases from generic versions,
From GPS-guided tractors to fleets of weed-clearing robots, technology continues to change the meaning of a day work on the farm.
Having different crops with different life cycles made it harder for weeds to grow. What might flourish among corn and soy,
weeds were chewed up before they flowered. As for insect problems, low pesticide use along with habitat provided by cover crops,
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