In dense eucalypt forests (such as wet sclerophyll forests) fuel-reduction burning is impractical because of the risk of uncontrollable fires sustained by heavy fuel loads that only become flammable in dry conditions.
which carries a risk of destroying houses and infrastructure if the fires escape control. Finally a serious side effect is smoke pollution
The difference between fuel-reduction burning and back burning is effectively the same as the difference between elective and emergency surgery.
or during weather conditions when the fire danger is low. A spectacular use of back burning which stemmed the threat of two large uncontrolled bushfires occurred at the height of the Blue Mountains bushfire disaster in Spring 2013.
But back burning is dangerous and carries substantial risks of exacerbating a bushfire event. The ecological impacts of back burning are discussed rarely
but may be quite substantial. Wildlife which can normally flee a fire front can become trapped between the bushfire and the back burn.
Such unburnt patches can be critical refuges for wildlife and a sort of seed for recovery of adjacent burnt areas.
if they present no threat to any valued economic or ecological assets. We are yet to achieve ecologically sustainable fire management of flammable landscapes.
This will need to involve targeted fuel treatments around areas vulnerable to bushfires as well as the development of buffer zones that can be used to contain wildfires using techniques like back burning and direct attack using water and fire retardants.
As nocturnal hunters both Phoneutria and Cupiennius sometimes seek out shelter during the day under the broad leaves of banana trees.
because only one of the two genera of wandering spiders Phoneutria contains species that could actually pose a threat to humans.
However few of these spiders pose a significant risk to humans he added. Still there is a type of Brazilian wandering spider called Phoneutria fera that is widely considered to be the most dangerous spider On earth.
when as many as 95 percent of extant marine genera were wiped out by high carbon dioxide levels.
Likewise their wary nature suggests that climbing leads to improved site surveillance of potential threats and prey.
and into the sun. However the existence of night-climbing suggests the behavior has another function perhaps the ability to see danger coming.
The 63-year-old Laysan albatross named Wisdom was spotted taking care of her newborn earlier this month on the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge according to the U s. Fish and Wildlife Service.
which claimed 2000 of her fellow adult albatrosses and about 110000 chicks in the Midway wildlife refuge an island habitat in the middle of the North Pacific.
despite the threats that albatross face at sea refuge biologist Pete Leary said in a statement.
or more horses kept by every Mongol warrior. It must have created the ideal conditions for a charismatic leader to emerge out of the chaos develop an army
and concentrate power study researcher Amy Hessl who studies tree rings at West virginia University said in a statement.
He then launched military expeditions outward from Mongolia having conquered a huge swath of Asia and the Near east by his death in 1227.
and warm probably allowing for Genghis'initial military forays. Modern warnings The tree rings are less auspicious for modern Mongolia.
An unrelated 2011 study found that the mass death caused by Genghis khan's conquering forces translated into a slight decrease in global atmospheric carbon dioxide.
or bombed since the onset of the Syrian Civil war this site is in a fairly peaceful area
Lung cancer respiratory illness and periodontal disease are some of the health risks associated with hookah smoking according to the CDC.
While not all hookah pens contain nicotine this new delivery method might normalize hookah use in everyday settings
Surprisingly students with more educated parents or higher personal income are at high risk for use Palamar said.
and equal status how could one individual force 30 others to do their bidding? This problem forces us to examine the benefits that would-be leaders could provide to their followers
and this is where agriculture comes in. While hunting wild game did not involve much co-ordination beyond placing traps
and risk of deformity or disability will be decreased greatly Edwards added. The painful symptoms of gout can be alleviated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
Once the flare-up subsides the doctor may prescribe low daily doses of colchicine to ward off future attacks.
and the nearest protected area was the Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary 11 miles (18 kilometers) to the west.
and use the unaffected parts without exposing yourself to a health risk. That s good if your moldy food is an expensive vintage cheddar cheese!
and immune system damage increased risk of a range of cancers and neurological symptoms; though these worst-case scenarios are rare.
Given the risk to your health its best to take a very cautious approach to visible mold growth on any food with some exceptions.
or two depth) and the remaining food consumed with little risk. The United states'Department of agriculture s website is a good source of advice for dealing with mold contamination on a wide variety of foods.
Are Older Adults At Greater Risk? The Healthy Geezer answers questions about health and aging in his weekly column.
Are older people at greater risk of getting food poisoning? Answer: The people at highest risk for suffering from food poisoning are seniors pregnant women young children and those with chronic diseases.
When you age your immune system may not respond as well to infectious organisms as it did when you were younger.
and circulation can increase food poisoning risk. The immune systems of infants and young children are developed not fully.
The onset of symptoms can occur hours after consumption of the tainted food. However symptoms can take days
#The Benefits of Digging in the Dirt (Op-Ed) Laura Wright Treadway is a regular contributor to Onearth magazine published by the Natural resources Defense Council.
walking through the woods poking sticks in the water (streams in my case a pond in my daughter's) and making imaginary forts out of hollow trees.
Learning to build shelter in the woods might be forgotten a kids'game but it's also a survival skill even today.
And although many of my peers grew up building forts in the woods fewer kids are doing that today.
and don't line up in an aggressive manner preparing to attack she says. One can approach the hives without alarming them she says.
If a student researcher is worried about stings we just have them work on aspects that have no risk.
But we do keep an epinephrine kit around for possible cases of a sting of someone allergic who might not realize the risk.
Music was correlated with reduced aggression in lab-dwelling chimpanzees decreased abnormal behaviors in rhesus macaques and a lower heart rate in baboons.
Some species of freshwater turtles such as snapping turtles also eat small mammals frogs snakes fish and even other smaller turtles according to Connecticut's Department of energy and Environmental Protection.
And I'm not aware of any evidence that delivery in a shampoo confers a health benefit.
Over the years yogurt manufacturers have experienced episodes of widespread lactic acid bacteria-culture death due to the activity of a virus that attacks the bacteria.
Stress from forest fires can leave behind bands of narrow tree rings in some modern trees a result of the struggle to recover
I think fire has been a selective force in forests since way way back he said.
#New york's Power to Fight Illegal Ivory (Op-Ed) John Calvelli is executive vice president of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and director of the society's 96 Elephants campaign.
Taking a Page from Eliot Ness to Fight Wildlife Trafficking (Op-Ed The New jersey Senate
The momentum is clearly building for this commonsense strategy in the fight against illegal trafficking and elephant poaching.
Cow urine offers a cure for around 70 to 80 incurable diseases like diabetes Om Prakash of the RSS Cow Protection Department told Reuters. All are curable by cow urine. 7
As a result bottom up studies struggle to attain large sample sizes that would give confidence that they are broadly representative of the whole industry.
and increase your risk of developing cavities. Carbonated soft drinks also contain phosphoric and citric acids that have been shown to erode tooth enamel.
#Equipment Megaloads"on Roads Add Twist to Tar Sands Debate (Op-Ed)" Bobby Mcenaney is senior lands analyst at the Natural resources Defense Council (NRDC) and deputy director
and Idaho two states with unparalleled beauty that lie in a region now under assault from gigantic truckloads of oversized oil-processing equipment heading to the tar-sands oil fields of Alberta Canada.
For several years now NRDC has helped local groups fight the transport of massive truckloads of tar sands mining equipment through one of the nation's most remote and scenic parts of the United states shipments
In 2012 NRDC challenged Exxonmobil's plan to truck megaloads of mining equipment up to Canada through one of the most scenic mountainous highways in the country U s. Route 12
These megaloads shipments are prefabricated mining components and they are preposterously large approaching 400 feet long 22 feet in width and over 20 feet high.
Thanks to local groups and activists who fought this scheme including All Against the Hall Fighting Goliath
Reports from the Edge a companion series to This American Land on PBS produced the video about the megaloads fight along a scenic road in Idaho.
#and even cannibal dads#in the animal kingdom why of all creatures are father owl monkeys so attentive and protective of their young?
So by time sharing#the canopy with larger monkeys in a day/night cycle owl monkeys increase their potential for collecting food while reducing their risk from predators.
Previous research has shown that sulforaphane may help improve the body's defense against oxidative stress.
while Homo sapiens continued to evolve technology culture and consciousness turning humans'ancestors into a near-geologic force on the Earth.
Archeologists have strong evidence from the long record of toolmaking that points to an astounding leap in human intelligence between about 100000 and 60000 years ago.
Most of the characteristics of today's world now appeared including centralized government and power military forces and warfare institutionalized religion patriarchy monetary systems poverty large-scale agriculture trade networks and empire.
It was found buried in tombs alongside warriors and priestesses and is now available at liquor stores across the United states thanks to a reconstruction effort by Patrick Mcgovern a biomolecular archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Delaware-based Dogfish Head Craft
The oldest sample came from a large jar buried with a male warrior in Denmark. The other three came from strainer cups used to serve wine found in Denmark and Sweden.
The oldest sample which was buried with a male warrior was an anomaly. The jug found in that grave contained only traces of honey suggesting that the occupant went to his grave with a jar of unadulterated mead.
Because the warrior had crafted well weapons in his tomb he was likely of high status. Pure mead was probably a drink for the elite
and they were the ones that would serve it to the warriors he said The imported wine strainer cups
and once it reaches FAS headquarters in Manaus Brazil can be grouped and analyzed using Google Fusion Tables Ribenboimsaid referring to Google's Web application for gathering visualizing and sharing data tables.
and the forests and take photos documenting the most important threats Pintea explained. The villagers also document the presence of more than 20 species with a focus on chimpanzees for instance
Through this data-collection process the JGI has identified previously unknown threats to chimpanzees. Even in the first few weeks of a forest villager getting his smartphone he reported this trap designed to capture a live primate we think either a baboon
To raise awareness of these threats WWF along with a coalition of nongovernmental organizations called Eyes on the Forest worked with Google to build a catalog of maps detailing the changes in the region over time including shifts in the forest cover;
Although the long time between satellite images makes it difficult to actively search for threats to tigers he said Google technology has been helpful in illustrating the pace of deforestation in the region and its effects on tiger and elephant habitat.
since the 1980s when an estimated 100000 African elephants were killed each year by poachers these massive mammals face additional threats posed by human activities such as commercial logging
and armed conflict WWF says. Save the Elephants a Kenya-based organization dedicated to elephant protection
and research is using Google technologies to help protect elephants from some of these dangers.
The group uses GPS collars to track elephants in Africa providing the organization with live detailed information about the animals'location and movements.
and other dangers and help take action if a threat is detected Douglas-Hamilton said. 12 Strangest Sights on Google earth
When an elephant stops moving we can then send a Google earth file indicating the place where the elephant is stopped he said.
Then the Kenyan Wildlife Service can send out a patrol to go out and investigate. We're at a crucial stage now where we can act
and her team found that drinking a a href=http://www. livescience. com/36512-experts-explain-milk-health-benefits-risks. html>glass of milk</a>after downing dry sugar-sweetened Fruit Loops
thus lowering the risk of cavities according to a study published in the journal Caries Research.
There is unlikely to be a more satisfying experiment than one that results in the explosion of tumour cells.
Of course real tattoos come with their own set of risks including contaminated ink that has caused infection outbreaks.
#Gluten-Free Diet Reduces Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice Exposure to a gluten-free diet prenatally
or very early in life in the womb or through a mother's milk may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes at least in mice a new study suggests.
it could just be that the onset of the disease was delayed the researchers said. But the findings are interesting
and depression are linked with higher risk for obesity and heart problems. In addition stress and depression have been linked to metabolic syndrome a condition that involves a number of risk factors for heart disease stroke and diabetes.
In the study the researchers also found that having had depression in the past worsened the effects of stress.
but high levels can raise the risk for developing heart disease. You don't want triglyceridesfloating around
Each of the mummies still had a distinctive neonatal line on their teeth a dark line that forms during birth because the stress of delivery temporary halts tooth development.
but elephant populations are still at risk as poachers continue to strip them of their ivory tusks to sell in domestic and lucrative black markets.
#EU States Urged to Destroy Their Illegal Ivory To help combat elephant poaching the United states crushed its stockpile of illegal ivory for the first time last year.
Hang around their dive headquarters at Mcmurdo Station and you ll see rows of oxygen tanks wetsuits and breathing apparatus;
Other difficulties include the enormous risk of diving beneath an unending ice ceiling the shocks suffered
The contrast between the desolate white continent above and the explosion of bizarre and beautiful marine life below is just extraordinary.
or orange to make them easier to find in a rescue) and headed out with the divers to collect more juvenile fish samples.
and is spitting out up to six firebombs each day. More than an hour later we arrived at our destination:
and jumped into the hole each making a cannonball splash. After all that commotion the water smoothed back over and it was eerily still and quiet.
The dragonfish mother stands guard for most of this time; an angry dragonfish once even bit through a diver s glove
Soon the hut became filled with shouts like We got some amphipods!##and It might just be a bork!#
(and all work on the continent) in peril science was able to move forward after all. I don t think people realize how much can be accomplished in a very short time by a team of dedicated people like you guys all working
but if you force your child to eat everything on the plate you run the risk of setting your child up for bad behavior with food.
If you're encountering struggles in getting your children to eat their greens you're not alone.
and subjected it to a process called shotgun metagenomics. Instead of searching for a particular DNA signature shotgun metagenomics takes the approach of simply sampling all the DNA present just to see what turns Up to the researchers'surprise the man did not have tuberculosis.
Instead the bony nodule held the DNA signature of the bacterium Brucella melitensis the microbe that causes brucellosis.
This is not to say that allowing knotweed to run rampant is the solution to kudzu s carbon-releasing menace.
Vitamin b12 supplements are purported to reduce the risk of breast cancer lung cancer and cervical cancer. Vitamin b12 supplements are said also to protect against the poisons in tobacco smoke.
For example one study of 5522 people with vascular disease showed a Vitamin b supplement did not reduce the risk of dying from heart attack.
but the placebo group and the group taking vitamins had a similar risk of dying from major cardiovascular events during the five-year study according to the paper published in August 2006 in the New england Journal of Medicine.
Vitamin b12 supplements most likely won't reduce your risk for heart disease according to the NIH's Office of Dietary Supplements.
and a reduced risk of osteoporosis. However more studies are needed to see if Vitamin b12 could help reduce osteoporosis risk according to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State university.
and blood samples (taken in 1990) showed that higher levels of Vitamin b12 were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer
Levels of folate and Vitamin b6 had a stronger link to breast cancer risk in the study according to the March 2003 paper published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
but recent research found that having abnormally high levels of Vitamin b12 in the blood may indicate a cancer risk.
and these people had a higher risk of being diagnosed with cancer within one year of their abnormal blood tests especially a cancer related to smoking (lung cancer)
whether Vitamin b12 can influence cognitive function and the risk of developing dementia. More studies are needed to determine
Vitamin b12 has a low risk of overdose in the body. Supplement makers put a lot of B vitamins into capsules sometimes as much as 200 percent of the recommended daily intake.
Vitamin b12 may increase the risk that an artery narrows around a stent a device that widens a blocked artery.
or black to warn potential predators of their odorous defences. The motivation for my research came partly from history
As a result of animal agriculture's impact on climate change organizations like the Natural resources Defense Council and the Sierra Club support eating more plant-based meals.
and so many others addressing the issue with the force of their forks. And our individual power is enormous.
Protecting endangered elephants Rampant ivory poaching is placing elephant populations at risk and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) estimates that 96 elephants are killed each day by poachers in Africa.
Manongi said elephants which are being driven to the brink of extinction have become the latest conflict resource
Gender Norms Affect Teen Cancer Risk Teenage girls who see themselves as the most feminine and teenage boys who perceive themselves as the most masculine may be more likely to behave in ways that increase their risk of cancer
of which are associated with cancer risk and other serious health issues such as indoor tanning cigar smoking tobacco-chewing cigarette smoking
#Does'Offsetting'Work to Make up for Habitat Lost to Mining?(Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.
#oebiodiversity offsetting#protecting animals and plants in one area to make up for negative impacts in another is used increasingly by companies such as mining firms as a way to boost their corporate responsibility
Mining opportunities are very difficult for host countries both rich and poor to pass up. If the damage is truly to be offset we need to make sure the process works properly.
#If the habitat at the offset site is under no threat of degradation then protecting it does not achieve any extra benefit.
when it comes to offsets aimed at avoiding a threat rather than restoring wildlife. For example how threatened is the forest
For example a local community that is excluded from a mining or offset site might then go on to exploit resources somewhere else.
After all the impacts of a mining project can be considered permanent so it s only fair to expect that the compensation should be permanent too.
or a conserved forest is cut down in the future then the mining impacts have not been properly offset.
Existing projects don t tend to consider these risks. Then there is the question of how to measure the impacts at a mine site and the gains at the offset site.
Should we look at mammals birds reptiles or plants? What if the two sites have different biodiversity?
as a result of mining our estimate of the damage done by the mining was twice as large as the company s estimate.
For example the total amount of habitat lost through mining could vary from 680 hectares using the vertical structure method compared with 1480 hectares using plant diversity as a measure.
Biodiversity offsetting should not just be about protecting ecosystems. The approach should also be fair to local communities not least
First we should acknowledge that efforts by many companies including first and foremost by Rio tinto in aiming to create a net positive biodiversity impact for all mining operations is a laudable one.
#Heart Cells Transformed Into'Biological Pacemaker'Electronic pacemakers can be lifesaving for people with abnormal
More than 300 tokens were found in two rooms near the back of the building which Macginnis said resembles a delivery area or ancient loading bay.
That stupendous blast charred vast woodlands that had grown from Canada to New mexico. In North america about 60 percent of plant species went extinct according to earlier studies After the blaze deciduous angiosperms
and Wildlife Service's (FWS) proposed plan to remove Endangered Species Act protections from gray wolves in most of the lower-48 United states. This was the largest number of comments ever submitted on a federal
because removing federal protections from wolves means handing their management over to state governments and their wildlife agencies.
Unfortunately many states have demonstrated hostility toward wolf conservation such as with overly aggressive hunting and trapping seasons the designation of predator zones where wolves may be killed year-round without a permit and large appropriations of taxpayer dollars doled out to anti-wolf lobbyists.
Continuing the disturbing pattern of state aggression toward wolves Montana's Fish Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Commission recently proposed several amendments to the state's wolf-management rules that would greatly expand the circumstances under
whenever the wolf constitutes a potential threat to humans or domestic animals. Yet the amendment does not define potential threat
or provide any clear examples of when a wolf is or is not acting potentially threatening.
me loudly announced during a recent public hearing) consider all wolves on their property potential threats
And even if potential threat was defined clearly such a rule would be unnecessary. Montana law already allows a person to kill a wolf
these traps would supposedly be protecting. The odds of incidental captures would be given particularly high that landowners would be allowed to leave these traps out a full month
and a half after the livestock attack had occurred. A third amendment would remove the requirement that FWP set quotas during the wolf hunting
and wolves that pose little or no threat to domestic animals (such as wolves that reside in wilderness areas
and sustaining healthy wolf populations have manufactured the species'newest threats. Both proposals should be dropped and conversations begun anew about new ways to conserve
Reviewing large previous studies the researchers found an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer particularly after smoking for two or more decades.
Looking over the past 50 years of the war on smoking the report authors warned that the disease risks from smoking by women have risen sharply
Most people don't really appreciate how big the risks of heart diseases are said Glantz. The anti-smoking movement has had achievements too the report authors noted.
and the location of the system in arid regions away from other agricultural activities also reduces the risk of invasion.
since the translation of the results of scientific studies into public health and policy actions and the salt debate#has become for some a salt war#.
#The progression of this debate into a war resembles past and present debates (let us think about John Snow
and the cholera epidemic in the 19th century the long-lasting denial of the harm of tobacco smoking in the 20th century global warming and climate change in the 21st century) when the translation of science into practice clashes with vested interests.
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