We chose April 17 as it had been designated as the International Day of Struggles in Defence of Peasants
and peasant farmers groups worldwide in response to the growing struggles they face with commercialised agriculture
This pledge is OSSI s equivalent of the idea that underpins the open source software movement in the form of the General Public Licence or GPL.
Getting too little iron during pregnancy can lead to anemia a condition resulting in fatigue and an increased risk of infections.
According to the USDA pregnant women are at high risk of getting sick from two different types of food poisoning:
Some foods may increase a pregnant woman's risk for other types of food poisoning including illness caused by salmonella and E coli bacteria.
Foodsafety. gov lists these foods to avoid during pregnancy and why they pose a threat.
During an attack the male tries to lure the predator away from the chicks while they run for cover with the female.
and attack each other in coordinated assaults. But until now scientists were unsure whether interactions with humans had brought on this violent behavior
A new 54-year study suggests this coordinated aggression is innate to chimpanzees and is linked not to human interference.
Violence is a natural part of life for chimpanzees Michael Wilson the study's lead researcher
Lethal Aggression in Wild Chimpanzees As one of humanity's closest living relatives chimps can shed light on the evolution of people such as
Studies of chimpanzee violence have been especially influential in how people think about the origins of human warfare Wilson explained.
Some people have argued that human warfare is a recent cultural invention the result of some other recent development such as the origin of agriculture.
But observations of chimpanzees by legendary primatologist Jane Goodall and other researchers challenged the idea that warfare is a modern human development.
After all humans and chimpanzees are the only two species in the world known to attack each other in organized onslaughts.
Yet other scientists counter that human intrusions are to blame for the chimps'coordinated lethal aggression.
People have argued that these increasing human impacts could also be putting more pressure on chimpanzee populations leading to more chimpanzee violence Wilson said.
The different acts of violence did not depend on human impacts Wilson said. Instead attacks were more common at sites with many males and high population densities.
Also chimpanzees in East Africa killed more frequently than did chimps in West Africa the study found.
Unsurprisingly the bonobos showed little violence. We didn't find any definite cases of killing by bonobos though there was one case of a male bonobo who was attacked severely by members of his own group
and shows that the occurrence of lethal aggression in chimpanzees is not related to the level of human disturbance Joan Silk a professor in the school of Human Evolution
Because chimps and bonobos do not have the same levels of coordinated lethal aggression it's impossible to say how the common ancestor acted Silk said.
But we can learn something about circumstances that may favor the evolution of this type of aggression such as opportunities to encounter members of neighboring groups
Overall aggression makes up a small percentage of their daily lives Wilson said adding that our behavior affects them
but it's not affecting them as people have suggested in the past resulting in aggression. The study was published today (Sept. 17) in the journal Nature.
Previous research has shown that people who persistently carry Staphylococcus aureus have increased an risk of infection in clinical settings.
or is it a threat to public health at large study leader Christopher Heaney an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health said in a statement.
but how the length of this time period relates to the risk of infection and other health outcomes in workers their families and communities Follow Megan Gannon on Twitter and Google+.
and less saturated fat may not be the best way to reduce the risk of heart disease a new review suggests.
and pork had reduced a risk of heart disease. The researchers concluded their analysis did not yield clearly supportive evidence for current cardiovascular guidelines
However the results did show a link between eating more trans fats which are hydrogenated the partially oils added to foods to keep them fresh longer and an increased risk of heart disease.
or were at risk for it. The findings will be detailedin today's (March 18) issue of the journal Annals of Internal medicine.
Reducing risk Chowdhury and colleagues carried out the study to shed light on the role of fat in coronary heart disease.
and sunflower seeds may lower the risk of heart disease. The researchers examined data from population studies of diets
which are both polyunsaturated fatty acids the effects of the fat on cardiovascular risk varied widely even
or omega-6 fatty acids could reduce heart disease risk Chowdhury said. But the researchers said that more research is needed especially to determine
(In fact a study out this week in JAMA Internal medicine suggested taking omega-3 supplements doesn't reduce risk of heart disease.
And when danger threatens some even leap to the forest floor fluttering to the ground like so many dead leaves.
and War and Peace) and Fyodor Dostoevsky (Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov) still being read around the world.
Anti-GMO activists also raise concerns about the potential health dangers of consuming genetically modified organisms. 5 Pot Facts for 4/20
'Scientific agencies including the American Association for the Advancement of Science have found no evidence of danger from consuming GMO foods
Claire Mccaskill D-Mo. chairwoman of the U s. Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation's Subcommittee on Consumer Protection Product Safety and Insurance led a panel on Tuesday (June 17
Your Chicken Might (Op-Ed) Paul Shapiro is the vice president of farm animal protection at The Humane Society of the United states (HSUS.
One thing that was exciting sort of midway through the project was started that I getting scientists contacting me saying things like Hey why isn't our tree in your project?
He made beautiful landscape photographs where WORLD WAR II ordnance had exploded but have since been reclaimed by nature. And I thought that was lovely
Then you learn OK this has to do with war and conflict. And then it has this third layer of ecology
and scientists share a lot of the same values in terms of the way they approach their work the things that are important to them the kind of risk that's involved.
After testing out 12 different banana skins under the force of a shoe sole moving across it in a forward motion the researchers found the slimy fruit skin reduced friction by one-fifth compared with a show sole by itself on a linoleum floor.
The purring beast that seems to rule the roost we call our homes may be causing ill health.
However ecologists and economists point out that the preventative methods of mitigating fire also equate to huge cost savings.
and butter contributes to higher cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease. But an editorial published in Open Heart suggests that saturated fats aren t as bad as we have been led to believe.
and an increased risk of degenerative heart disease was based on selective data from the 1950s that overstated the risk.
Overall he argued no large observational studies have shown that low fat diets cut heart disease risk.
and nearly 350000 subjects concluded there was no significant evidence#that dietary saturated fat was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease.
#He said the 2010 meta-analysis (supported by the National Dairy Council) also found that evidence from studies was consistent in finding that the risk of coronary heart disease was reduced
In other words saturated fat many not increase your risk (as the study found) but substituting with a better fat could lower it.
#oeit is beyond reasonable doubt that elevated LDL cholesterol is a major determinant of risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Thanks to Fungus The U s. government leading scientists from around the world and a multibillion-dollar industry are teaming up to fight one of the biggest threats modern civilization has faced ever.
In 2013 Guatemala declared a state of emergency over the devastation wrought by coffee rust.
And the fungus has mutated now to a form that can thrive at higher altitudes placing those coffee plantations at risk.
which might increase the risk of heart disease the Mediterranean diet seems to prevent heart disease the researchers said.
The new findings suggest that the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on the heart comes in part from the nitro fatty acids
The study researchers found snakes use a much greater force to grip tree trunks and other surfaces they're climbing than is necessary.
which contain tiny hairs that produce a short-range electrostatic force (called a Van der waals force) with a surface's molecules.
and can only hold on via friction generated by muscle forces. Snakes also use friction to climb steep surfaces;
Until now nobody knew just how much muscular force snakes use while climbing a surface with concertina locomotion Byrnes told Live Science.
Next they measured the forces that 10 snakes from five species boa constrictors brown tree snakes carpet pythons green tree pythons
and use as little force as possible to hold on to the cylinder. After all climbing is energetically costly
and some snakes can control their muscular forces at least while constricting prey. But this isn't what they found.
Sometimes the snakes'safety factor was close to 1 meaning the reptiles were using nearly the minimum force required to grip the cylinder and not slip.
which is about the same amount of force seen during prey constriction and 20 times the force needed to avoid slipping.
In Photos: How Snakes Climb up Trees The vast majority of time the safety factor was between 2. 5 and 5 Byrnes said.
They are using a force that's not at their maximum but not at their minimum either.
A common choice It's a bit unclear why the snakes on average use up to five times the force they actually need to climb.
Research shows that the large adhesive forces geckos and anoles use to climb is about 10 times greater than
And though the gripping forces people use while climbing ropes or rock walls hasn't been studied research suggests people use two to four times the necessary force to hold on to objects Byrnes said.
and don't pose any immediate health risks for most people. But these additives could be a serious problem for people with soy
and Wildlife Service (FWS) to determine in 2011 that the whitebark pine is in imminent risk of extinction due to among other things global warming the first time the federal government identified climate change as a contributing factor in a tree species
Montana scientists sound the alarm If anyone gets climate in Montana it's scientists. During my recent visit I picked up a copy of the Missoulian Missoula's daily newspaper
Their responses ranged from praising the EPA for a responsible flexible plan to condemning the agency for making war on coal and Montana jobs.
#Lava Bombs and Tsunamis! How Accurate Is'Pompeii'Movie? As flaming balls of lava and ash rain down on the streets of Pompeii the renegade gladiator Milo gallops on horseback after a chariot ridden by his beloved Cassia who has been kidnapped by an evil Roman senator.
Meanwhile a massive tsunami floods the harbor sending a ship careering through the city's streets.
Excepting the lava bombs and titanic tsunami raging in Pompeii's harbor the dramatic depiction of the historic and horrific disaster stays relatively true to reality scientists say.
See Clip from POMPEII Movie The film produced by Tristar Pictures tells the fictional story of a slave-turned-gladiator named Milo (played by Kit Harington) who falls in love with the daughter of a wealthy merchant
Cassia (Emily Browning) and their struggle to escape a villainous Roman senator (Kiefer Sutherland) amid the devastation of Pompeii.
Obviously it's a movie not a documentary said the movie's director Paul Anderson
The movie's depiction of the eruption loosely based on Pliny's description and artifacts collected from the site realistically captured the earthquakes that preceded the eruption the explosions
The filmmakers captured the sequence of events earthquakes followed by explosions and then ash flows quite well Lopes told Live Science.
and the character of an African gladiator was based on a cast of a large man who may have been from North africa.
The film depicts lava bombs raining down on the city but that type of eruption didn't have lava bombs Lopes said.
If it had the damage the bombs would have caused to the city would be evident.
The movie also depicts a giant tsunami surging into Pompeii's harbor carrying a ship through the streets on a torrent of water.
City of Pompeii The film's depiction of the city of Pompeii was fairly impressive according to Sarah Yeomans an archaeologist at USC who has spent much of her life studying the city
and gladiator games were a big part of life. See Images from Pompeii Movie The filmmakers used lidar a laser remote-sensing technique to re-create the city's topography on the set.
The aerial shots of Pompeii in the movie were real helicopter shots with computer graphics projected over them Anderson told Live Science.
what the city may have looked like Yeomans told Live Science praising the attention to details such as the raised paving stones in the streets and the political graffiti on the buildings.
The amphitheater where the film's gladiator scenes take place was also well done she said. The film departed from historical record in its depiction of women however.
and would certainly not have been involved in political activities Yeomans said nor would they have had bare arms and slits up their dresses.
Although the movie is fictional it humanizes the disaster in a way that historical accounts don't said Yeomans.
Cobras have several scary-looking behaviors designed to scare off potential threats. They spread their famous hoods which are made of flaps of skin attached to long ribs when feeling angry or threatened.
Cobras may hiss loudly at predators and other threats and some species also spit. Countdown:
and often defeat cobras in fights using their speed and agility. They can bite the cobra s back before the snake can defend itself.
Some cobras including all spitting cobras have cytotoxic venom that attacks body tissue and causes severe pain swelling and possible necrosis (death of cells and tissue).
which considers the dangers of unwarranted positive states and the benefits of negative emotions in certain situations.
and put himself at risk by violating the rules of the game say by biting too hard with an individual who can harm him?
Can a chimpanzee too full of himself put himself at risk by ignoring social cues from others who are not as taken with him?
in addition to the intensity of the unbounded exuberance there is a risk associated with the context of the excessive positive feelings in that they express themselves in the wrong time or in the wrong place.
For more on possible risks and costs to play see Robert Fagen's Animal Play Behavior (Oxford 1981) Animal Play:
Indeed play rarely escalates into full-blown aggression or harm because individuals play too hard with one another.
and becoming a card-carrying member of one's species involves taking risks but can being too happy
Causing 22%of all cancer deaths worldwide the good fight against tobacco tobacco advertising and the big corporations that make this carcinogen continues.
There must be particularly strong regulating forces at work. Image Gallery: Amazing'Fairy circles'of the Namib desert Fairy circles are barren patches typically surrounded by a ring of thriving vegetation.
This announcement from Cargill is the latest in a series of triumphs for animal protection advocates veterinarians food companies
They can continue to defend outdated practices and risk turning away even more customers or join the momentum and switch to group housing.
This increased the amount of force placed on those remaining grains from the sand above.
Experiments and numerical models revealed that once a critical weight from the higher parts of the sandstone was reached the downward force locked the lower grains of sand together more tightly increasing their resistance to erosion.
but the benefits of a richer diet appear to be worth the perils. Important interspecific interactions between sloths their moths and algae-#seem to be reinforcing
Of course subtle effects don't equate with no danger as is the case with smoking cigarettes
and balance there is the risk of hurting oneself particularly if someone drives or chooses to have unprotected sex
what are the triggers that allow that progression to happen he said noting that why some people have a higher risk than others of developing liver disease from drinking is understood not medically or biochemically.
but avoided red meat had a lower risk of being overweight or obese than their more carnivorous counterparts.
The take-home message lead study author P. K. Newby a scientist at Tufts University told the Washington post is that individuals who have the lowest risk of being overweight
That's an annual savings of $312. Resolution: Stay Fit and Healthy If you want to stay fit exercise regularly.
Sausage luncheon meats and other processed meats also increased the risk. Those who ate mostly poultry or fish had a lower risk of premature death.
A March 2012 Harvard School of Public health review meanwhile looked at studies that collectively followed 120000 Americans'eating habits over a 28-year period.
or lamb every day had a 13 percent increased risk of premature death compared with those who ate little or no red meat.
Daily helpings of processed meat such as two slices of bacon or one hot dog increased the risk of premature death 20 percent.
or grains was associated with a 7 percent to 19 percent lower mortality risk. The researchers estimated that 9. 3 percent of male deaths
The ruminants Americans eat mainly cows pose the biggest threat to the climate according to an article in this month's edition of the journal Nature Climate Change.
New research shows that forests throughout Europe vanished within two centuries of the onset of this frigid time.
Rapid change Prior studies found that 170 years after the onset of cooling North Atlantic winter sea ice reached southward enough to channel dry polar air into Western europe
#Elephant Mystery at Ancient Syrian Battle Solved Editor's Note: This story was updated at 11:40 a m. E t. on Jan 24.
The mystery of an ancient battle between two warring troops of elephants has been solved thanks to a modern genetic analysis of the lumbering beasts.
That in turn discounts an Ancient greek account of how a battle between two warring empires played out with one side's elephants refusing to fight
and running away the scientists report in the January issue of the journal of Heredity. 10 Epic Battles That Changed the Course of History Ancient battle In the third century B c. the Greek historian Polybius described the epic Battle
what is now the Gaza strip as part of the Syrian Wars. During these wars Seleucid ruler Antiochus III the Great fought against Ptolemy IV Philopator the fourth ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt
whose last leader was Cleopatra. The matchup included tens of thousands of troops thousands of cavalry and dozens of war elephants on each side.
The elephants were the ace in the hole able to trample the enemy and sow terror with their massive size.
Elephants were considered the tanks of the time until eventually the Romans figured out how to defeat war elephants in later times said study co-author Alfred Roca an animal scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
and eventually won the battle. African elephants In reality Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants so some historians speculated that perhaps the Ptolemies were using African forest elephants
So Roca and his colleagues conducted a thorough genetic analysis of the elephants found in Eritrea the descendants of the losers in the ancient battle.
Polybius who wasn't actually at the battle likely read those accounts and surmised the Asian elephants'bigger size caused their opponents to panic.
And even now games such as Age of empires that recreate the Battle of Raphia depict the Ptolemaic elephants as smaller.
#Taking a Page from Eliot Ness to Fight Wildlife Trafficking (Op-Ed) David Wilkie is director of conservation support at WCS.
and community ecoguards are out patrolling and risking their lives doing so elephants have a much greater chance of escaping the poacher's bullet axe and chainsaw.
It is capitalized now largely by criminal gangs the same gangs that traffic in drugs weapons and human slaves.
Several U s. government entities from the U s. Department of justice (Asset Forfeiture and Money laundering Section) and U s. Department of Treasury (Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence) to the U s. Department of Homeland
Security (Project STAMP-Smuggler and Trafficker Assets Monies and Proceeds) and their U s. Immigration and Customs Enforcement branch (Trade Transparency Unit) have the staff
According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) this will have reduced stroke and heart attack deaths by a minimum of 9000 per year with a saving in health care costs of at least £1. 5bn a year.
#New Action Plan to Save Madagascar's At-Risk Lemurs (Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.
To try to reverse the frightening fact that 94%of lemur species are under threat myself
Ecotourism can allow rural communities in Madagascar to earn revenue for protecting lemur habitats; create economic incentives and benefits for local residents;
and uploading it to computer networks security is definitely a concern experts say. Indeed even as engineers develop the technologies others are working to crack them.
This snake s potential danger has been the subject of many African myths and it has been blamed for thousands of human deaths.
However black mambas use their incredible speed to escape threats not to hunt. Black mambas hunt and are active during the day and return to the same place every night to sleep.
This is a defensive posture aiming to scare away the threat. If black mambas need to attack to defend themselves they will strike quickly several times then scurry away as fast as possible.
The black mamba has no specific predators. Its greatest threat is habitat destruction. Black mambas typically eat small mammals
and birds though there have been reports of mambas found with whole parrots or full-grown cobras in their stomachs.
#Can Backpacking Flies Rescue Queensland's Farmers?(Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.
Queensland s fruit and vegetable farmers are under pressure having lost their main weapon against their main enemy fruit flies.
and fenthion used by horticulturalists to keep Queensland fruit fly (also called Q-fly) at bay after finding that these chemicals pose an unacceptable risk to human health.
and productivity on farms as well as help us monitor for any biosecurity threats including Colony Collapse Disorder a global phenomenon where worker bees from a beehive
This will help us understand how to maximise their productivity as well as monitor for any biosecurity threats.
and vegetables to interstate or international markets they face increasing risk as Q-fly incursions are happening more frequently threatening the ability to maintain pest-free zones.
The risk of Lyme disease is greatest for people living in New england the Mid-atlantic states and the upper Midwest according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A sloth only has its claws for defense against predators. However its very low level of movement
The major threat facing gazelles is hunting. The Queen of Sheba's gazelle became extinct when it was hunted for food in 1951 by soldiers according to the IUCN.
The name gazelle comes from the Arabic gazal the term for love poems. A gazelle will flick its tails
Bark acts as the protective outer layer on trees that protects the plant from drought and shields against radiation.
Because livestock particularly horses have been identified as a significant threat to panda survival. The reason: Horses have been beating pandas to the bamboo buffet.
Michigan State university (MSU) panda habitat experts revealed the oft-hidden yet significant conservation conflict between pandas and horses in a recent article in the Journal for Nature Conservation.
For years timber harvesting has been the panda's biggest threat. But conservation programs limiting timber harvesting have chalked up wins in preserving panda habitat.
The U s army once encouraged its soldiers to perform three daily S's two of which are shower and shave.
But it is latrine efficiency not long-term health that's the Army's top priority.
This is a normal defence system gone astray. Histamine causes the familiar itching sneezing and running of the nose
Because of this development pattern people with hay fever are at greater risk of developing asthma. Because the susceptible cells line the lower airways as well as the nose patients with hay fever
Smokers in the study were presented with statements about the dangers of smoking that a federal judge in 2006 ordered to be placed on cigarette packaging and ads but
and delivery of nicotine in many ways including designing filters and selecting cigarette paper to maximize the ingestion of nicotine adding ammonia to make the cigarette taste less harsh and controlling the physical and chemical make-up of the tobacco blend.*'
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