and Latin america are also under threat. A concerted international approach is needed to safeguard the food security of millions of people.
which introduced itself to U s. troops during WORLD WAR II by chewing through their tents in the Pacific theater.
and ploughing--provides a false sense of security about 1%of global land area is degraded every year.
and environmental security we need an agricultural soil ecosystem that more closely approximates the close and efficient cycling in natural ecosystems
Using data from the Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system researchers captured the prevalence of secondhandsmoke exposure for workers of varying age ethnicity and occupational group from 2003 to 2010.
and for targeting interventions to reduce risks Fitzsimmons said. APHA's 141st Annual Meeting is themed Think Global Act Local
therefore very important for apiculture for minimizing the danger of inbreeding and thereby the production of diploid drones.
A paper outlining this research is published in this month's issue of the journal Food and Energy Security.
because African-americans as a group are at higher risk for excess weight gain and eat fewer fruits
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos and colleagues note that eating blueberries is associated with several health perks including improved thinking reduced risk for heart disease and reduced inflammation.
These trees take the risk of starting earlier in the spring because they are less strongly dependent on the cold periods Laube says
After mild winters the native species run a higher risk of developing their leaves too late.
In the absence of adequate protection against freezing they could become victims of their own too-flexible adaptation--and freeze to death in a late frost in the spring.
whether children were increased at risk of hypospadias if their mothers had lived in relatively close proximity to where pesticides were used while pregnant.
We didn't see many chemicals that suggested an increased risk and of those that did most of them were used infrequently said Suzan Carmichael Phd associate professor of pediatrics
Most previous studies of pesticides and hypospadias focused on risks associated with occupations that involve the use of pesticides.
Some studies have suggested slightly increased risks for infants whose mothers or fathers work around pesticides
but found no evidence to suggest that mothers'exposures to multiple pesticides put their babies at an increased risk of hypospadias.
whether there is or is not a real risk associated with these chemicals said Gary Shaw Drph professor of pediatrics at Stanford
if earthworms are increasing that physical protection of carbon. Land use historyrecent studies in the Northern Forest have shown that land use changes--like agricultural abandonment
and simulation model--based on the theory of conditional probability--to forecast the risk of childhood asthma episodes.
The model includes several risk factors and has been designed with the data got from scientific literature
On January 1 2006 a law that set anti-tobacco regulations in Spain came into force.
In the case of children maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke are some of the main risk factors for inducing new cases of asthma.
efforts on the fight against tobacco particularly at home must be stronger concludes Monleã n Getino.
I'm reminded of a recent clinical study that links cadmium intake to an increased risk of breast cancer.
The team combined field surveys with airborne mapping and high-resolution satellite monitoring to show that the geographic extent of mining has increased 400%from 1999 to 2012
Until this study thousands of small clandestine mines that have boomed since the economic crisis have gone unmonitored.
and map both large and small mining operations. CLASLITE differs from other satellite mapping methods.
This level of detail was used to assess how well CLASLITE determined forest conditions in the mining areas.
The CAO data were used also to evaluate the accuracy of the CLASLITE maps along the edges of large mines as well as the inaccessible small mines that are set back from roads
We are using this study to warn Peruvians on the terrible impact of illegal mining in one of the most important enclaves of biodiversity in the world a place that we have vowed as a nation to protect for all humanity.
The mining must be stopped. As of 2012 small illicit mines accounted for more than half of all mining operations in the region.
Large mines of previous focus are heavy polluters but are taking on a subordinate role to thousands of small mines in degrading the tropical forest throughout the region.
This trend highlights the importance of using this newer high-resolution monitoring system for keeping tabs on this growing cause of forest loss.
Asner emphasized: The gold rush in Madre de dios Perã exceeds the combined effects of all other causes of forest loss in the region including from logging ranching and agriculture.
while A. Americana is patchier and at risk of extirpation. Given that A. americana's abiotic requirements are being met said Warren it is reasonable to investigate its biotic requirements.
herders retaliations for livestock predation and other human-related conflicts. The downward trend in lion numbers has concerned conservationists about the species'long-term chances in the country often described as the Pearl of Africa for its natural wonders.
Using the data of animals observed the analysis generated an estimated lion population of 408 animals in the three main strongholds for lions in Uganda nearly two hundred fewer lions than estimates made in 2000-2002 (a statistical
#Bee sting allergy could be a defense response gone haywirefor most people a bee sting causes temporary pain
The study is the first experimental evidence that the same immune response involved in allergies may have evolved to serve a protective role against toxins.
Immune cells called mast cells which reside in most of the body's tissues are poised to unleash signals that turn on defense responses
Adaptive immunity is usually a faster more specific and more effective form of defense than innate immunity.
The researchers hypothesized that Ige might be required for protection against a lethal sting and that allergies are an extreme and maladaptive example of this type of defense.
This idea known as the toxin hypothesis of allergy was proposed first by Margie Profet in 1991
To determine whether Ige antibodies were required for this protection the team tested mice with three types of mutations:
In all three groups of mutant mice pre-immunization with a low dose of bee venom did not confer protection against a lethal dose suggesting that the protection depends on Ige signaling and mast cell activation.
We experience allergies in a much cleaner world where we don't have the same threats of venomous creatures
A land sea and space-grant university UNH is the state's flagship public institution enrolling 12300 undergraduate and 2200 graduate students.
That forces them to consider a situation from the perspective of all members of their group instead of solely from their own perspective or that of their close kin.
and suppress conflict within groups. The question the scientists say is whether ignorance is selected as a trait
One is that it shows the danger of oversimplication. Hamilton's famous kin-selection inequality takes into account both the relatedness of cooperators and the costs and benefits of cooperation.
Considerable evidence suggests that imprinting leads to conflict between the matrigenes and the patrigenes in the embryo Queller said.
or her gender race age intelligence wealth skills education and religion. The idea is that they will then make choices that benefit all members of society including the least advantaged.
and mitigate a variety of threats to biodiversity and wildlife including Andean bears including road construction logging unsustainable natural resource use and agricultural expansion.
and mitigate a variety of threats to them including human-wildlife conflict and habitat destruction for agriculturewcs's conservation research in Bolivia has been made possible by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation the John D. and Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation the blue moon fund the Beneficia
or near the Arabian peninsula and the historical deadly nature of the 2002 outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus create further anxiety about the emergency of PEDV in the United states due to the lack of scientific information about the origin
Researchers have found no evidence that the virus can spread to humans or pose a threat to food safety.
but also increases the risk of damage from grazing animals and seed-eating insects. To investigate how pollinators
#Risk of Amazon rainforest dieback is higher than IPCC projects, study suggestsa new study suggests the southern portion of the Amazon rainforest is at a much higher risk of dieback due to stronger seasonal drying than projections made by the climate models used in the latest report by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). If severe enough the loss of rainforest could cause the release of large volumes of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
and therefore the risk of climate change-induced rainforest dieback should be relatively low. The report appears this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
#Breast milk protein may be key to protecting babies from HIVA substance in breast milk that neutralizes HIV
which has long been recognized as having some protective quality that inhibits mother-to-child transmission despite multiple daily exposures over months and even years of nursing.
These properties provide widespread protection against infection. It's likely that TNC is acting in concert with other anti-HIV factors in breast milk and further research should explore this Permar said.
It also provides support for inducing inhibitory factors in breast milk that might be even more protective such as antibodies that would completely protect babies from HIV infection in this setting.
Policymakers and forest managers are considering increasing timber salvage rates on these lands as a way to address potential wildfire threat hazards from falling trees
Research Forester Jeff Prestemon and fellow scientists with the Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Economics and Policy unit and with the Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment
The study did not examine other factors that might influence land management decisions such as fire risk reduction improvement in stand conditions or jobs.
Few wildlife species face more potential conflicts with humankind than tigers which require large areas for hunting
Recognizing the potential for resource conflicts in 1996 the Nepalese government added a buffer zone next to the park where people have more access to the forest's resources
and the milk is pasteurized limiting the risk of bacterial illness said Dr. Keim. Human breast milk can help strengthen the immune system
or relatives or donated rather than sold--the potential risks of those situations are understood less well said Dr. Keim.
and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. Thirty percent of infertility is due to either being overweight or underweight according to the National Infertility Association.
The vast extent and difficult terrain of the Amazon basin (including parts of Brazil Peru Columbia) and the Guiana Shield (Guyana Suriname and French guiana)
and conservationists don't know which Amazonian tree species face the most severe threats of extinction says Nigel Pitman Robert O. Bass Visiting Scientist at The Field Museum in Chicago
and the Guiana Shield harbors around 390 billion individual trees including Brazil nut chocolate and aã§ai berry trees.
That's a real problem for conservation because the species at the greatest risk of extinction may disappear before we ever find them says Silman.
but sustainability studies are needed at population level to insure the protection of this beautiful species. Dracaena kaweesakii is thought to be endangered through having a limited distribution destruction of limestone for concrete and extraction of trees for gardens comments Dr Wilkin
#All probiotics are not the same in protecting preemies from common, life-threatening illnesstreating premature infants with probiotics the dietary supplements containing live bacteria that many adults take to help maintain their natural intestinal balance may be effective for preventing a common
One of the breastmilk-fed infants treated with B. lactis developed NEC early in the trial Underwood said indicating that B. lactis may not be as effective as B. infantis in protecting against NEC though the study was designed not to answer that question.
which typically increases at the onset of NEC and can cause serious tissue-damaging infections in the gastrointestinal system lungs and other organs of the body.
Those carbon savings amount to a current average global temperature that is cooler by one-third of a Degree celsius (or a half-Degree fahrenheit) which would have been a sizeable jump the researchers report.
and we can say what that sink means for us now in terms of carbon savings. Changes in carbon dioxide emissions from land-use activities need to be considered carefully.
According to the authors a more proper assessment of such phenomena could provide insights into management schemes that could help mitigate the threat of climate change.
or relieving constipation and reducing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Soluble fiber found mainly in whole grains
That has permitted population explosions of tree-killing bark beetles in forests that were shielded previously by winter cold
#Compound derived from vegetables shields rodents from lethal radiation dosesgeorgetown University Medical center researchers say a compound derived from cruciferous vegetable such as cabbage cauliflower and broccoli protected rats and mice from lethal doses of radiation.
Rosen adds that DIM also provided protection whether the first injection was administered 24 hours before or up to 24 hours after radiation exposure.
and prevent the risk of infarction and its application in operating theatres is almost a daily occurrence.
Computer modelling was used to explore the relationship (in both those with and without diabetes) of mortality with the following risk factors:
Intake of fruit vegetables nuts seeds pasta poultry and vegetable oil was related to a lower mortality risk
and intake of butter and margarine was increased related to an mortality risk. While the strength of the association was different in those with diabetes
It appears that the intake of some food groups is more beneficial (fruits legumes nuts seeds pasta poultry vegetable oil) or more detrimental (soft drinks butter margarine cake cookies) with respect to mortality risk
Oral interference sabotages advertising effectsadvertising uses repetition to increase consumers'preference for brands. Initially novel brands gain in popularity due to repetition which increases the likelihood that consumers later buy the brands.
and solid fats counter to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes.
A team of investigators implemented a two-year intervention study in low-income rural areas where a disproportionately higher risk of overweight
and obesity habits among children persists leading to increased risk of diabetes and heart disease in adulthood.
The Air force Research Laboratory through the University Technology Corp. the Office of Naval Research MURI graphene program and the Air force Office of Scientific research MURI program supported the research.
Drought conditions appear to decrease host tree defenses against spruce beetles which attack the inner layers of bark feeding
and tree defenses like pitching beetles out of tree interiors with resin were likely high.
#and winningthe city of Providence R i. is taking the fight against Big Tobacco to a new level with innovative tobacco control policies.
The Air force Office of Scientific research and the Welch Foundation supported the research. Calculations were performed on the National Science Foundation-supported Davinci supercomputer administered by Rice's Ken Kennedy Institute for Information technology.
Under certain conditions putting a cracked piece of metal under tension--that is exerting a force that would be expected to pull it apart--has the reverse effect causing the crack to close
According to the expert this methodology makes a more reliable and accurate evaluation of the association between food intake and mortality or disease risk.
and vegetables are at lower risk of several chronic diseases and overall mortality. Moreover the research stresses the importance of evaluating
They can be used to produce nutrient-rich ingredients for at-risk Northern Saskatchewan Canadian and global populations by blending fruits with Saskatchewan cereals and pulses.
which roost in trees may have been exposed to the same mosquito vectors that transfer the parasites between the tree-dwelling rodent hosts.
Nano-thin films of hexagonal boron nitride protect materials from oxidizingatomically thin sheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have the handy benefit of protecting
Lou said ultrathin h-BN protection might find a place in turbines jet engines oil exploration
which may make it useful for protecting solar cells from the elements he said. Essentially this can be a very useful structural material coating Lou said.
The Army Research Office the Office of Naval Research the Welch Foundation the Korean Institute of Machinery and Materials the National Science Foundation Oak ridge National Laboratory and the Department of energy supported the research.
and in turn reduce occupational and environmental risks that arise from intensive insecticide use Shelton said.
For some time now the impact of environmental stressors during pregnancy on allergy risk among newborn children is a main research topic at Leipzig Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ.
and their children's risk of developing allergies on the other the scientists from Leipzig examined microrna-223 microrna-155 and regulatory T cells--not only in the blood samples of pregnant women (36 weeks pregnant
whether or not these micrornas link exposure to smoke regulatory T cells and the risk of developing allergies.
and the synthesis of protective compounds are also important in the stigmas of the flower says Thilo Fischer.
This innovation already has industrial property protection and soon will be able to export their ozone fumigation system to Canada.
and industry it also provides data important to the protection of soils and the climate.
In the case of Botrytis cinerea small RNAS silence the expression of host defense genes resulting in the host plant cells being less able to resist the fungal attack.
In areas of Se contamination honey bees may be at risk because of the biotransfer of the metal from Se-accumulating plants.
and a multitude of anthropogenic sources including mining and industrial activities such as petroleum refining and coal-power production as well as where agricultural runoff is collected
and their first line of defense against environmental stressors is the foraging bees themselves. High concentrations of Se will not kill foragers outright so they can continue to collect contaminated pollen and nectar
and mining activities areas around industrial plants producing glass pigments inks and lubricants can all be anthropogenic sources of Se.
#Improving water security with blue, green, and gray wateragriculture is one of the most insatiable consumers of dwindling water resources around the world.
With limited water and the increasing number of people depending on it water security is tenuous.
and gray water can increase water security. What do these colors mean and why are these waters vital?
But while they're capable of defending themselves with their painful stings honey bees live in a world filled with danger in
and interestingly makes colonies of bees less risk-tolerant than individual bees according to a study published in this week's issue of the open-access journal PLOS ONE.
and now poses a threat to European honey bees. The Asian Giant hornets are armored dangerous heavily predators says Ken Tan the first author of the paper who also works at the Chinese Academy of Science's Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden.
What we found was that the individual bees were more risk-tolerant. They avoided the giant hornet at the best food
We could find truly novel repellants that have remarkable properties such as large spatial protection and long-term protection.
With colleagues from the Marine Biological Lab at Woods Hole and the University of Georgia Clark is working on building a statistical model of how trees make this decision.
#Protecting the weedy and wild kin of globally important cropsover the past few decades crop breeders have relied increasingly on the wild and weedy relatives of domesticated crops as new sources of disease resistance drought
But just like all wild plant species these crop wild relatives (CWR) are also at risk of decline and extinction due to habitat loss pollution and climate change.
After identifying hotspots of CWR diversity globally and comparing these against the CWR species already preserved in gene banks the scientists have generated now a list of taxa in critical need of future protection.
I initially was interested simply in determining how closely timed the calving season was to the onset of vegetation green-up Post explained without a thought as to how this relationship might be affected by climate change.
and Clausen suggest a high state of trophic match associated with later onset of the plant growing season.
The research which was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was published online August 31 2013 in the journal Carbon.
The class of compounds studied includes those used by some plant pathogens to coordinate their attacks.
There's this back and forth battle between a plant and a pathogen said Yan Liang a co-author of the study and postdoctoral fellow at MU.
Rhizobia eventually developed a chemical to inhibit the defense response in legumes and make those plants recognize it as a friend.
#African breed of cattle harbors potential defense against life-threatening parasiteevery year millions of cattle die of trypanosomosis.
and Zebus and hope that in future it will be possible to determine the optimal degree of mixing to offer protection against trypanosomes explains Silbermayr.
The theory describes how dust grains in interstellar space like soldiers in lock-drill formation spin
The two hydrogen atoms therefore use the surfaces of dust grains as a substrate and the force of the reaction energy is enough to set the dust grains in motion.
#Steroids may persist longer in the environment than expectedassessing the risk posed to aquatic organisms by the discharge of certain steroids
and pharmaceutical products into waterways is often based on a belief that as the compounds degrade the ecological risks naturally decline.
and risk-assessment paradigms says David Cwiertny assistant professor in engineering at the University of Iowa and a co-corresponding author on the paper.
spread of invasive plant species by changing soil chemistryinvasive species are among the world's greatest threats to native species and biodiversity.
The plant looked like it was invading in a military fashion forming this distinct line that was clearly visible.
Rout combined forces with colleagues from The University of Montana The University of Texas Arlington and University of Washington to investigate
and vegetable consumption reduces risk of mortalitya European study analyzes the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of mortality.
According to the results a combined fruit and vegetable consumption of more than 569 grams per day reduces the risk of mortality by 10
%and delays the risk of mortality by 1. 12 years compared to a consumption of less than 249 grams per day.
Furthermore for every 200 gram increase in daily fruit and vegetable consumption the risk falls by 6%.The proportion of deaths that could be prevented
and reduces the risk of mortality by 10-25%.%There is now sufficient evidence of the beneficial effect of fruit and vegetable consumption in the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases Sá
Fruit for the hearta diet rich in fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality by 15%.
Considering fruit consumption separately no significant risk reduction was observed whereas vegetable consumption alone was associated with a lower risk of mortality
which was even more significant for raw vegetables: high consumption reduces the risk of mortality by 16%.
%With regard to cancer mortality no statistically significant risk reduction was found although it will be necessary to assess this according to specific types of cancer Sá
nchez adds. Nevertheless the expert highlights that given that fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with the risk of certain cancers--colon and rectal stomach lung etc.
--it is to be expected that their consumption will also have a positive effect on mortality due to these tumours.
Greater effect in people with bad habitsthe mortality risk reduction due to fruit and vegetable consumption was greater in those participants who consumed alcohol (around 30-40%risk reduction
and vegetables in preventing chronic diseases and their associated mortality risk Sánchez concludes. Story Source:
In urban delivery routes with lots of stop -and-start driving electric trucks are roughly 50 percent more efficient to operate than diesel trucks overall.
The researchers decided to study electric trucks in urban delivery applications because vehicles in these applications tend to travel the same routes each day spend significant amounts of time in stop
A single thick and shiny silk thread is used then by the spiders to provide a zip-line like connection between the external webs and the security of the enigmatic retreat in the hollows of ancient myrtle beech and mountain ash tree.
Trees and shrubs have added the benefit of providing shade from hot sun and shelter from rain.
It also reduces stress by enabling the animals to hide from perceived danger. The planting as forage plants of both shrubs
Using coal to make natural gas may be good for China's energy security but it's an environmental disaster in the making said Robert B. Jackson Nicholas Professor of Environmental sciences
to confirm these findings in humans by administering melatonin to help combat obesity and diabetes.
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