this is where sprouting begins) and bran (the grain's protective outer layer; it is rich in dietary fiber.
The need for developing a more comprehensive detailed whole grain definition was identified during the course of the HEALTHGRAIN EU project an initiative intended to increase the use of whole grains and their health protecting constituents in food products for improved nutrition and health benefits.
#Market forces influence value of bat-provided services, such as pest controlservices provided by Mother Nature such as pest control from insect-eating bats are affected by market forces like most anything else in the economy a University of Tennessee Knoxville study finds.
The study's results have implications for biodiversity conservation efforts. Researchers from UT and the University of Arizona Tucson studied how forces such as volatile market conditions
and technological substitutes affect the value of pest control services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats on cotton production in the U s. They found the services are impacted by the forces to the tune of millions of dollars.
The study conducted by Gary Mccracken professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and led by UA's Laura LÃ pez-Hoffman is the first to examine how bat ecosystem services change over time.
and natural pest control diminish the importance of protecting ecosystems said LÃ pez-Hoffman . While our research shows a diminished value of pest control due to fluctuations in market conditions our larger analyses show that conservation is still economically beneficial.
Certain people may be more susceptibleprevious studies have shown the certain pesticides can increase the risk for developing Parkinson's disease.
Now UCLA researchers have now found that the strength of that risk depends on an individual's genetic makeup
and increase the risk of Parkinson's and at much lower levels than those at which they are currently being used said study lead author Jeff Bronstein a professor of neurology
So this significantly broadens the number of people at risk. The study compared 360 patients with Parkinson's in three agriculture heavy Central California counties to 816 people from the same area who did not have Parkinson's.
In the previous PNAS study Bronstein and his team determined the mechanism that leads to increased risk.
When ALDH does not detoxify DOPAL sufficiently it accumulates damages neurons and increases an individual's risk of developing Parkinson's.
Then the researchers found that those participants in the epidemiologic study with a genetic variant in the ALDH gene were increased at risk of Parkinson's when exposed to these pesticides.
however did not increase risk of the disease Bronstein said. This report provides evidence for the relevance of ALDH inhibition in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis identifies pesticides that should be avoided to reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease
and suggests that therapies modulating ALDH enzyme activity or otherwise eliminating toxic aldehydes should be developed
The study was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01es016732 R01es010544 5r21es16446-2 and U54es012078) the National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke (NS038367) the Veterans Administration Healthcare
System the Michael j fox Foundation the Levine Foundation the Parkinson Alliance the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and the Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service
and protecting ecosystem services that people depend on. Co-author Dr. Goetz sees corridors as avenues for migration of flora
and endemism with economic opportunity costs and deforestation threats to prioritize optimal corridors. For Dr. Goetz Conserving tropical forests ultimately requires prioritizing the services they provide to people in a local setting.
Identifying lands locally valuable for agriculture or other high-value uses considering biodiversity and the threat of deforestation our analysis provides both maps and a framework for realistic conservation planning.
Both of these changes are in reaction to the severe dairy farm stress that was revealed by the Great Recession and the explosion in feed prices over the last few years.
The Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers (MPP) is a voluntary program that pays participating farmers an indemnity when a national benchmark for milk income over feed costs falls below an insured level.
but not limited to The Emergency Food Assistance program. This program provides a new authority to the Secretary of agriculture
but the risks due to fluctuating prices will increase. MTT Agrifood Research Finland anticipates that the major structural changes in agriculture will continue
which means that the market risks of agricultural enterprises increase both in the sale of products
Precautions must be taken against production risksthe role of the state in the compensation of crop damages will change.
The data showed that stem decay caused by earlier damage from a native stem borer reduced the species'tolerance to external forces resulting in stem failure in Typhoon Chaba.
Despite an average annual rainfall of 55 inches Florida was included on the Natural resources Defense Council's list of states with the greatest risk of water shortages in the coming years;
 These new landscapes emphasized aesthetics relaxation recreation and refuge reinforcing emerging notions about which humanâ#ature interactions belonged in the city and which in the country.
and incorporating interstitial raw or â#feralâ##lands into park creation and protection. Such places including the street trees
They found that each pathogen species secretes specialised substances to shut down the defences of their target hosts'Plants have called these enzymes proteases that play a key role in their defence systems'said Dr Renier van der Hoorn co-author of the study from Oxford university
'The researchers found that P. mirabilis evolved effectors that disable the defences of the four o'clock plant
'We looked at specialisation in the blight pathogens'secret weapon a key family of effectors called'EPIC'that can pass through plants'defences undetected to disable the proteases.
and combined with other resistant traits could provide another'wall'of defence against the pathogens.'
The Robert A. Welch Foundation the National Science Foundation the Army Research Office and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund supported the research.
#Drug trafficking leads to deforestation in Central Americaadd yet another threat to the list of problems facing the rapidly disappearing rainforests of Central america:
David Wrathall of United nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security in Bonn Germany; Spencer Plumb of the University of Idaho;
but steps could be taken to make sure the Earth's largest colony of Magellanic penguins have enough to eat by creating a marine protected reserve with regulations on fishing where penguins forage
The coming together of the genetic evidence with historical evidence of Viking raiders and traders in the Wadden islands and adjacent coastal regions suggests the folklore is right
and Dalesbred each showed a lower than average risk of infection to Maidi Visna a virus causing a slow-acting disease affecting millions of sheep worldwide with massive welfare and economic impacts.
Natural selection shapes mechanical advantage in batsmechanical advantage--the efficiency in transmitting force--can be decisive whether it be automated through an harvester in agriculture a six-foot-six swimmer
or a bat with a short face that gives it the bite force to penetrate hard figs.
valos who joined forces with Dr. Elizabeth Dumont and a mechanical engineer Dr. Ian Grosse (both of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) in a recently published paper in Evolution that lays out the team's findings relating mechanical advantage
which gives them the high bite forces needed to pierce through the hardest figs. Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage--a trade-off for having long narrow snouts that fit into the flowers in
My goal as a scientist is to uncover the evolutionary forces that have shaped biodiversity says Dr. Dá
study showsscientists have known for more than 40 years that the synthetic pesticide DDT is harmful to bird habitats and a threat to the environment.
since 1972 but still used as a pesticide in other countries--may also increase the risk and severity of Alzheimer's disease in some people particularly those over the age of 60.
when DDT breaks down were higher in the blood of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients compared to those without the disease.
Our data may help identify those that are at risk for Alzheimer's disease and could potentially lead to earlier diagnosis and an improved outcome.
Patients with a version of Apoe gene (Apoe4) which greatly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's
and high blood levels of DDE exhibited even more severe cognitive impairment than the patients without the risk gene.
Although the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease--with five million Americans suffering now and millions more expected to fall prey with the graying of the Baby boom Generation--is known not scientists believe that late-onset Alzheimer's may be linked to a combination of genetic environmental and lifestyle factors.
and that may help identify those at risk of developing Alzheimer's says Richardson. It is important
and also does not consider mixtures of pesticides the risk assessment process that the Environmental protection agency uses should be changed.
#Developing new methods to assess resistance to disease in young oilseed rape plantsbeing able to measure resistance to disease in young oilseed rape plants is vital in the battle to breed new
He put a solution thick with spores on a tiny flexible silicon plank expecting to measure the humidity-driven force in a customized atomic force microscope.
It's a long slow descent into mortal danger from the safety of home among the upper branches of the forest.
In fact Pauli's research shows that the moths may give their all to the sloth in return for nursery for larvae and shelter and mating grounds for adults.
The committee is likely to approve these tablets which will mark great improvement in the fight against allergy said allergist Michael Foggs MD president of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
With the joined forces with BGI we are excited to successfully complete the task of sequencing water buffalo. stated Mr. Tafsir Mohammed Awal Director of Lal Teer This will now lay the foundation of ensuring nutrition and food security in Bangladesh and other developing countries.
which gives them the high bite forces needed to pierce through the hardest figs. Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage
In one version of the model the researchers incorporated so-called black-body shields which absorb all of the radiation that strikes them.
In a second version opaque grey-body shields were used. A grey body has some transmission
Simonis and her colleagues found that as the reflectivity of the radiative shields increased the rate of heat transfer between the hot and cold thermostat was reduced dramatically.
Adding more shields also dramatically reduced the energy loss. All together the model suggests that the repeated backscattering of infrared light between radiative shields like individual hairs
and barbed feathers could be the primary mechanism for the thermal insulation properties of fur and feathers.
and therefore can be regarded as a model for humans who are overweight and at risk of diabetes.
Hemlock trees in the United states do not have natural defenses against hemlock woolly adelgid which coupled with a lack of natural predators has resulted in high levels of tree mortality in the 18 states where it is known to have spread particularly in southern states.
Tracking an alien invader of conker trees using people poweran army of citizen scientists has helped the professionals understand how a tiny'alien'moth is attacking the UK's conker (horse-chestnut trees
No bigger than a grain of rice the horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth has spread rapidly through England and Wales since its arrival in London in 2002.
Scientists from Brown University and the Marine Biological Laboratory have shown that the peak in forest greenness as captured by digital pictures does not necessarily correspond to direct measures of peak chlorophyll content in leaves
as a result of predation or the onset of farm operations before eggs hatched or young birds were ready to fly.
If lots of plants from one species grow in the same place fungi quickly cut their population down to size levelling the playing field to give rarer species a fighting chance.
The researchers did pinpoint several areas that could become more valuable for farming in the future putting them at greater risk of conversion.
and how it will affect areas needing protection. Story Source The above story is provided based on materials by Princeton university Woodrow wilson School of Public and International affairs.
and vendors to inventory each municipality's energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions develop recommendations for achieving energy savings and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and build capacity for ongoing tracking and evaluation.
These included tree-dwelling carnivorous mammals who may have posed a threat to hoatzin nestlings which are raised in open nests.
In contrast those in colonies with fewer viral assaults survived the entire cold winter months.
Thus they call for increased surveillance of potential host-jumping events as an integrated part of insect pollinator management programs.
and chocolate) could offer protection from type 2 diabetes--according to research from the University of East Anglia (UEA) and King's college London.
This is one of the first large-scale human studies to look at how these powerful bioactive compounds might reduce the risk of diabetes.
Laboratory studies have shown these types of foods might modulate blood glucose regulation--affecting the risk of type 2 diabetes.
What we don't yet know is exactly how much of these compounds are necessary to potentially reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes she added.
when a child is seen in the emergency department or in the hospital and may be used to predict future hospitalizations says Robert Kahn MD MPH associate director of general and community pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's and senior author of the study.
The study is part of the Greater Cincinnati Asthma Risks Study which seeks to understand the causes of hospital readmission particularly for low income and minority children.
But a more scientific analysis of actual secondhand exposure via measurement of cotinine in the blood and saliva demonstrated a readmission risk in children exposed to secondhand smoke more than twice that of children not exposed.
#How a versatile gut bacterium helps us get our daily dietary fiberuniversity of British columbia researchers have discovered the genetic machinery that turns a common gut bacterium into The swiss Army knife of the digestive tract--helping us metabolize a main
In return for room and board mutualistic Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus ants become bodyguards protecting their host against herbivores and competing plants.
whether the tiny bodyguards also provide protection against microbial pathogens. They compared the leaves of acacia plants
which regulates defense against pathogens. Detailed analysis of the bacterial composition on the surfaces of the leaves suggested that the presence of mutualistic ants changed the bacterial populations and reduced harmful pathogens.
How antimicrobial protection is transferred from ants to plant is still unclear. Chilean researcher Marcia Gonzã¡
The oldest dated 1500--1300 BC was from Nandrup in northwestern Denmark where a warrior prince had been buried in an oak coffin with a massively hafted bronze sword battle-ax
All of these different risk factors are going to have to be bundled in. History of beta-agonist usefeedlots have used beta-agonists a cattle feed supplement approved by the U s. Food
The protective effect of these fibers is well known to researchers: animals fed a fiber-rich diet become less fat
In response the brain triggers a range of protective effects against diabetes and obesity: the sensation of hunger fades energy expenditure at rest is enhanced
No protective effect was observed then: these mice became fat and developed diabetes like those fed a fiber-free diet.
and its protection against predators (toxic plants make locusts unpalatable) how could such major adaptation occur in just a few hours?
By comparing historical observations with current experiments we see that climate change is creating a whole new risk for the native plants in Concord said BU Prof.
#War elephant myths debunked by DNATHROUGH DNA analysis Illinois researchers have disproved years of rumors and hearsay surrounding the ancient Battle of Raphia the only known battle between Asian and African elephants.
What everyone thinks about war elephants is said wrong Alfred Roca a Professor of Animal Sciences
and member of the Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who led the research published in the Journal of Heredity.
After Alexander the great's premature death his vast kingdom was divided among his generals. being spent generals they the next three several centuries fighting over the land in-between Roca said.
The Battle took place in 217 B c. between Ptolemy IV the King of Egypt and Antiochus III the Great the King of the Seleucid kingdom that reached from modern-day Turkey to Pakistan.
According to historical records Antiochus's ancestor traded vast areas of land for 500 Asian elephants whereas Ptolemy established trading posts for war elephants in what is now Eritrea a country with the northernmost population of elephants
in East Africa. In the Battle of Raphia Ptolemy had 73 African war elephants and Antiochus had 102 Asian war elephants according to Polybius a Greek historian who described the battle at least 70 years later.
A few of Ptolemy's elephants ventured too close with those of the enemy and now the men in the towers on the back of these beasts made a gallant fight of it striking with their pikes at close quarters
and wounding each other while the elephants themselves fought still better putting forth their whole strength
and meeting forehead to forehead said Polybius in The Histories. Ptolemy's elephants however declined the combat as is the habit of African elephants;
for unable to stand the smell and the trumpeting of the Asian elephants and terrified
Did Ptolemy employ African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) or African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in the Battle or Raphia?
and preservation to minimize the possibility of human conflict. That's really the issue--not having a place to go.
and Wildlife Service a government agency that is committed to protecting preserving and enhancing the world's diverse wildlife and their habitats.
Infertility caused by a single gene This practice is fraught with risk however: If the genetic make-up of any animal contains an unidentified defect this characteristic will be passed on to future generations.
More than ever before, we know how to reduce some riskin 1971 President Nixon funded research to wage a war on cancer a long battle that we're still fighting today.
and knowledge to take a bite out of our cancer risk. Mark Varvares M d. director of the Saint louis University Cancer Center suggests that lifestyle changes
But we also know that there are things we can do that can significantly decrease our risk of getting cancer.
but they can reduce our risk in a really meaningful way. They offer us the chance to change the course of the future
and screening tools can over the course of your lifetime significantly reduce your risk of cancer.#
stop smoking and you will reduce your lung cancer risk. TAKE ACTION: SLU Cancer Center offers free eight-week smoking cessation classes four times throughout the year.
Obesity is a risk factor for many cancers including esophagus pancreas colorectal and breast cancers. Besides eating well to maintain a healthy weight foods like fruits vegetables
and whole grains are linked to reduced cancer risk. Limiting red meats and processed meats can lower your risk of colorectal cancer.
Many specific foods like leafy green vegetables or blueberries have been shown to have specific anticancer actions.
Staying active has many health benefits including lowering your risk of developing cancer. Studies show that physical activity lowers risk of colon and breast cancer.
and reduced prostate lung and endometrial cancer risks. TAKE ACTION: If you'd like to start an exercise program here are two places to begin:
and specifically can raise certain types of cancer risk. For women even a few drinks a week may increase breast cancer risk.
Even overuse of mouthwash which contains alcohol Varvares says has been linked to mouth cancer. TAKE ACTION:
Colonoscopy pap smears and mammography for example are some of the most powerful lifesaving tools doctors have at their disposal.
Genetic screening took center stage last year as actress Angelina jolie shared her decision to have a preventive mastectomy in response to her own genetic risk.
If I know I am at high genetic risk of developing cancer am I going to do something with this information?'
'Genetic counseling and testing can clarify your risk of cancer. If you underestimate your risk you might not have the information you need to make good decisions about prevention and early detection.
If we prove you don't have the risk it can be a big relief. TAKE ACTION:
Genetic counseling isn't recommended for everyone; rather it's an option for those with family history of certain cancers.
whether you could benefit from more knowledge about your genetic risk. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Saint louis University Medical center.
but they do show we have less security if their populations should collapse. The findings are of particular concern for the UK
The only country with less security is the Republic of Moldova which is both the poorest country in Europe
Later Burkholderia species were identified as the causative agent of the disease melioidosis a public health threat especially in tropical countries like Thailand and in parts of Australia.
Keith Bildstein Director of Conservation Science at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and a study co-author said:
and reduce the risk of rabies and other diseases is now the focus of a new effort by the Wildlife Conservation Society the Peregrine Fund and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary.
Dr. Steve Zack Coordinator of Bird Conservation at WCS who is working with Dr. Kendall
This work was done in collaboration with Dr. Virani of The Peregrine Fund Dr. Hopcraft of Frankfurt Zoological Society Dr. Bildstein of Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and Dr. Rubenstein of Princeton university.
risk of diseasehealthy adults should consume between 20 percent and 35 percent of their calories from dietary fat increase their consumption of omega-3 fatty acids
and risk of disease. â#¢Different foods provide different types of fat. Some fats improve your health (omega-3s help your heart
and brain) while some are detrimental to your health (trans fat increases heart disease risk factors).
While the addictiveness and long-term effects of using e-cigarettes as a nicotine delivery system are unknown many people anecdotally believe that they are safer than traditional tobacco products.
and smokeless tobacco products. â#While the risks associated with long-term e-cigarette use are largely unknown recent studies suggest that they can significantly increase plasma nicotine levels
and the uncertainty of the risks associated with e-cigarette use may discourage young adults particularly young adult nonsmokers
and Surveillance Modeling Network found that while some 17.6 million Americans have died since 1964 due to smoking-related causes 8 million lives have been saved
Years after its publication Terry referred to the report's release as a bombshell. The report has spawned
Given the importance of tobacco as a risk to health monitoring the distribution and intensity of tobacco use is critical for identifying priority areas for action
If global tobacco control is to benefit from concerted policy action population-level surveillance of tobacco use
Nesting on the poles may also gain them greater security from predators range fires and heat stress.
The authors state Such an increase likely poses an increased threat to sagebrush steppe species subject to raven depredation including sage-grouse for
as a result of grid development and that protecting unaltered landscapes from fragmentation by transmission lines roads crested wheatgrass plantings and the invasion of other nonnative vegetation is integral to stemming range expansion by ravens.
and the related risks for agriculture. 1st Agroscope Sustainability Conferenceon 23 january 2014 the Institute of Sustainability Studies at Agroscope will organise a conference on Water in agriculture--today and tomorrow.
#Suburban sprawl cancels carbon footprint savings of dense urban coresaccording to a new study by researchers at the University of California Berkeley population-dense cities contribute less greenhouse gas emissions
When you package low carbon technologies together you find real financial savings and big social and environmental benefits.
We are hopeful that this gesture shows that we can win the war against poaching
bolstering elephant protection with additional funding; and educating the public about the link between ivory consumption
and Eastern Africa's most important parks--those harboring 26000 elephants and facing the greatest threat--from Nouabalã-Ndoki in Congo to Ruaha in Tanzania and Niassa in Mozambique.
and deploys park guards providing aerial and intelligence support and tracking where guards go what they see
and what they Do in Africa and Asia WCS is working with governments to stop wildlife trafficking at the source transport and consumer ends of the chain.
At the source we build innovative intelligence networks across landscapes to preempt and prevent poaching.
At transport nodes such as airports and border crossings we work with governments to help detect
Conversely a comparison between mice on a standard diet and mice who received food enriched with fermentable fibers likewise showed that these dietary fibers have a protective influence.
This protection is the result of a multilevel reaction chain as Marsland's team has shown now.
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