Although the footprint of a shallow well is much smaller than the immense Marcellus Shale well pads now being built across the region clusters of shallow wells service roads pads
We wanted to find out what the well pads roads pipelines and other openings created by oil
That technology demands greatly increased levels of truck traffic on wider more highly engineered roads. Brittingham and her students are currently studying the effects of shale-gas development on birds to determine how it affects avian communities.
inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness a characteristic of asthma. She hypothesized that they might have similar effects in humans.
nut cropscalifornia's winter tule fog--hated by drivers but needed by fruit and nut trees--has declined dramatically over the past three decades raising a red flag for the state's multibillion dollar agricultural industry according to researchers at UC Berkeley.
The researchers paired NASA and National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration satellite records with data from a network of University of California weather stations covering 32 consecutive winters.
So tourism and fisheries are both likely to be impacted. But the consequences will be strongest for Toledo
Throughout history such events have spread across travel and trade routes to affect entire countries and continents.
Through a three-year $602349 NASA grant Numata and a team of scientists will assess how the 2005 and 2010 droughts affected the forest edges
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA. The widespread melting of the Greenland ice sheet required the combination of both of these effects--a lowered snow albedo from ash
Keegan who added critical information to NASA's announcement of the 2012 melt studies the newly deposited layers of snow that top the 2-mile-thick ice sheet.
or solid particles that come from hundreds of sources including trees volcanoes cars trucks and wood fires.
#International standards significantly reducing insect stowaways in wood packaging materiala new international standard for wood packaging material used in international trade is significantly slowing the inadvertent export of stowaway invasive bark-and wood
of insect stowaways. The study Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No 15 on Reducing Wood Borer Infestation Rates in Wood Packaging Material Entering the United states was published today in the journal PLOS ONE.
The role of methane as a driver of global warming is even more critical than this 40 percent value might indicate Howarth notes.
Most evidence indicates that natural gas as a substitute for coal in electricity production gasoline in transport and electricity in buildings decreases greenhouse gases.
Getting energy for exhausting flightsthe Bochum biologist also studies the orchid bees'flight performance. The small insects do actually fly over distances of 50 kilometres.
Chemical compounds containing reactive nitrogen are major drivers of air and water pollution worldwide and hence of diseases like asthma or cancer.
Johnson said the bacteria travel quickly to the roots where they replicate damage the root system and spread to the rest of the host tree's canopy.
Southern boreal forests have already been affected by oil and gas mining forest product industries hydropower and roads and infrastructure.
On his first trip there he noticed that people were more outgoing and individualistic than in the south.
We pretend to be airplanes we sing songs with words rhyming with broccoli and we sometimes resort to extolling the virtues of Popeye
Some of the spread was natural--adult beetles flying from one ash tree to another. However new satellite populations were started by people transporting infested ash trees from nurseries or as logs and firewood.
The Great plains region experiences multiple climate and weather hazards including floods droughts severe storms tornadoes hurricanes and winter storms.
and illnesses transmitted by food water and disease carriers such as mosquitoes and ticks. Some of these health impacts are already underway in the United states. Climate change will absent other changes amplify some of the existing health threats the Nation now faces.
Human Health) â#¢Transportation: The impacts from sea level rise and storm surge extreme weather events higher temperatures
and heat waves precipitation changes Arctic warming and other climatic conditions are affecting the reliability and capacity of the U s. transportation system in many ways.
Sea level rise coupled with storm surge will continue to increase the risk of major coastal impacts on transportation infrastructure including both temporary and permanent flooding of airports ports
and harbors roads rail lines tunnels and bridges. Extreme weather events currently disrupt transportation networks in all areas of the country;
projections indicate that such disruptions will increase. Climate change impacts will increase the total costs to the Nation's transportation systems
and their users but these impacts can be reduced through rerouting mode change and a wide range of adaptive actions.
Transportation) â#¢Energy: Extreme weather events are affecting energy production and delivery facilities causing supply disruptions of varying lengths and magnitudes and affecting other infrastructure that depends on energy supply.
storage transportation and retailing. Adaptation measures can help delay and reduce some of these impacts.
and frequency of tornadoes hail and damaging thunderstorm winds are uncertain and are being studied intensively.
when we're building a dike or for instance pass regulations on flight safety. Managing risks for planning adaptationlikely impacts such as more intensive drought periods in the Southern Sahel clearly demand for developing coping strategies for croppers
what techniques were effective in getting the non-users to consider adding Tofu to their shopping carts.
The study took place in the form of focus groups in areas of metro Phoenix with high WIC enrollment.
The study titled Aphid amino acid transporter regulates glutamine supply to intracellular bacterial symbionts is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS.
Glutamine is ferried across a membrane that surrounds the cells where the bacteria lives by an amino acid transporter named Apglnt1.
To study this transport mechanism the researchers used a procedure that uses frog eggs (called oocytes) to manufacture Apglnt1.
and transporters said Luetje. The oocytes are useful for expression of a wide variety of proteins
To our surprise the transporter is a key regulator of the factory production line said Daniel R. G. Price who worked on the project
When aphid demand for essential nutrients is high the transporter imports large amounts of precursor
and because of other features peculiar to aphid metabolism transporter Apglnt1 not only regulates arginine biosynthesis but all amino acid biosynthesis Wilson said.
Thus amino acid transporters play a key role in the evolutionary success of these insects. But an important question remains:
Wilson's lab may find the answer by looking at other sap-feeding insects with intracellular bacteria based on an understanding that emerged from another study from her lab. The study titled Dynamic recruitment of amino acid transporters to the insect
That study found that the presence of amino acid transporters is expanded significantly in some sap-feeding insects relative to non sap-feeding insects.
Given the extensive gene duplication of the amino acid transporter gene families that took place multiple times independently in sap-feeding insects it makes sense that gene duplication might be important for recruiting amino acid transporters to mediate
The sap-eating insects with expanded amino acid transporters come from a common ancestor. However given that the genes expanded independently in each insect sap-feeding insects likely evolved their relationships with their symbionts separately as opposed to in their common ancestor.
Add in uncertainties like climate change and volatile transportation prices and it's clear why many people think the ESR should meet more of its own food needs.
which are territorial travel no more than 55 feet from their nests to collect nest-building material.
Collecting Cotton Balls and Killing Maggotsduring the key experiment Knutie and colleagues set up two lines of 15 cotton dispensers--one line on each side of a road
They also suggested introducing the subject as a recurring topic rather than a single stand-alone module.
and become caring stewards for our urban forests even at a young age. Link to the article's abstract at:
The three-year study included cell culture studies at Rice as well as a detailed analysis of gene expression profiles of more than 500 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and protein-expression profiles from about 200
He was surprised to find more evidence of tear-drinking than he expected in the collective online record of wilderness enthusiasts casual tourists professional photographers and scientists.
and Tribulations story about the Ecuadorian bee and the river turtle by Olivier Dangles and JÃ rã'me Casas in ESA's Frontiers.
#Bees stick to known safety zones, learn to avoid dangerbumblebees can distinguish between safe and dangerous environments
It's similar to walking through a bad neighbourhood--you're more likely to choose a busier route where there are lots of other people around than a deserted street to get to your destination
We still don't know how significant these birds are as carriers. We just know there are multiple venues where wildlife can acquire resistant strains and move them around in the environment.
Like other insect pests whitefly feed by pushing their long mouthpiece--or stylets--into the leaf until it reaches the plant's main source of nutrients travelling through the phloem.
and recipes health-related activities for school events family newsletters and guidance for school lunchrooms to encourage healthy eating for example by creating a salad bar.
Other contributors are Naoko Yagishita and Toshihiro Nakajima of St. Marianna University School of medicine in Kawasaki Japan and Pak K. Wong of the UA College of Engineering.
If the material is used as an information carrier outside a living organism it cannot repair itself
NASA satellites showa new analysis of NASA satellite data shows Africa's Congo rainforest the second-largest tropical rainforest in the world has undergone a large-scale decline in greenness
Five new NASA Earth science missions are launching in 2014 to expand our understanding of Earth's changing climate and environment.
This measure is developed from data produced by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite.
These changes in available water were detected in part with NASA satellites including the NASA/JAXA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission NASA's Quick Scatterometer (Quikscat) and NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
a joint mission with the German Aerospace Center. Combining measurements from different sensors has given us more confidence in the results of the MODIS data
and provided us with insights into the environmental and physiological mechanisms of the browning observed by the MODIS data said co-author Sassan Saatchi of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena Calif. Climate factors known to affect vegetation growth were also in line with the observed
Story Source The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Note:
because they inhibit carrier collection which greatly reduces the solar cell power. Using state of the art electron microscopy techniques to study the thin films'structure
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
and transportation vessels Tour said. The extra steps required to turn the sour into sweet crude are costly.
and formula for nanoreporters that are most likely to survive a trip through the depths and return with data.
considering the small set of five manure samples says Handelsman who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor.
and tobacco may provide guidance to policymakers concerned about the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana.
The lessons from the many decades of regulating alcohol and tobacco should offer some guidance to policymakers who are contemplating alternatives to marijuana prohibition
when people at several different spots around the globe brought plants under cultivation and domesticated animals for transport food or fiber.
In the donkeys and other transport animals it's not affiliative tame behavior the herders want Marshall said.
How best to time travel Questions about the original domestication events are difficult to answer
Another possible alternative is to develop more fuel-efficient automobiles and significantly reduce the nation's demand for fuel as required by the 2012 CAFE standards.
as a result of less disturbance and less soil erosion and transport of soil organic carbon-rich sediment off the plots. â#oethe subsurface layers also need to be sampled
transport and deposition on the experimental tillage plots; Â lack of sloping and eroding sites included in summary studies;
So for example Beja herders in Northeastern Africa intentionally bred their donkeys with African wild asses in order to produce stronger transport animals.
As biologists and specifically as botanists what really struck us was the diversity of fresh plant crops mostly of subtropical/tropical origin that were available in ethnic markets in the northern U s. Like their ancestors who traveled from Europe Africa
and expanding construction to support nature-based tourism said the researchers including Copenheaver with Kiomars Sefidi formerly a doctoral student in natural resources at the University of Tehran who studied the subject at the university's Kheyrud Experimental Forest.
NASA satellite data provide a regional context for results from the experimental burns. In 2007 fires in southeast Amazonia burned 10 times more forest than in an average climate year an area equivalent to a million soccer fields according to co-author Douglas Morton of NASA.
Large portions of Amazonian forests are already experiencing droughts and are increasingly susceptible to fire.
#Spacexâ##s Dragon headed to space station to create astronaut farmersenter the Dragon takes on a whole new meaning this month as Spacex's Dragon capsule heads to the International Space station for its third commercial resupply mission
The optical communication demonstration will transfer video from the space station to a ground receiver located at NASA's Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory in Wrightwood Calif
. which is part of the agency's Jet propulsion laboratory (JPL). A ground telescope will transmit a laser beacon to OPALS on the space station as it travels across the sky.
An onboard camera system on the station will track the signal to maintain connection during the demonstration
while moving at half-a-foot per second said OPALS Systems Engineer Bogdan Oaida of JPL.
Each OPALS demonstration will last for approximately 100 seconds as the space station equipment and ground telescope maintain line of sight.
The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) is a new investigation with edible results heading to the space station.
It will serve as a new space station facility as well and will provide a venue for future plant growth research.
and helped them feel less out of touch with Earth said Gioia Massa a project scientist at NASA's Kennedy space center in Florida.
and nutrient delivery but uses the cabin environment on the space station for temperature control and as a source of carbon dioxide to promote growth.
Astronauts will harvest the plants for further investigation. With continued plant growth studies aboard the space station using facilities like Veggie crews may one day consume produce during long-term missions in low-Earth orbit
or to an asteroid or Mars. The Veggie unit's growth volume will be the largest volume available to date for plant growth on the space station
which will enable larger produce than was previously available due to size restrictions. This improved understanding of plant growth and development in microgravity has important implications for improving plant growth and biomass production On earth.
Continuing the important space station mission of Earth observation the new High Definition Earth Viewing (HDEV) investigation places four commercially available high definition cameras on the exterior of the space station
High school students helped design some of the cameras'components for the HDEV mission through the High schools United with NASA to Create Hardware program (HUNCH.
and completed investigations and sent back to Earth after about a month-long stay at the space station.
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length l
So for example a poor person living on a logging road in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest was more likely to be happy than a wealthier person living on a treeless block in Milwaukee.
and vehicle tailpipes as well as wildfires soil microbes or reactions triggered by lightning strikes. Teasing out the sources of NOX through history might tell us about the atmosphere of the past how methane ozone
and is so oily you can use it as a lamp the number three-bird has claws on its wings
Mapping where distinct species are on the planet also gives insight into which areas and countries steward disproportionate amounts of bird evolution.
(30 percent) Lincoln's sparrow (23 percent) and yellow palm warbler (20 percent) detected most often
two appeared stable and only Lincoln's sparrow and palm warbler appeared to be increasing in the Adirondack landscape.
Before they reach our supermarkets baby salad leaves undergo rigorous processing that includes harvesting transportation washing sanitization removal of excess water and packaging.
or used to power ethanol vehicles. Unlike corn or other grains most of the agave plant can be converted to ethanol Ravi said.
and The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in Bedfordshire UK via the Across the River Project together with experienced rangers from the Forestry Development Authority in Liberia local research assistants from Liberia and Sierra leone
To reach these locations we occasionally had to drive for two days then continue on motorbikes for several hours before embarking on a 20 to 30 kilometres hike during
and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization using time of flight or MALDI-TOF. We are approaching this very systematically using the latest technology says Anand.
The time taken for the 11c-labeled sugars to move between two detectors on upper and lower regions of the stem was used to calculate sugar transport speeds.
My results suggest that following the transition to agriculture in Central europe males were affected more than females by cultural and technological changes that reduced the need for long-distance travel or heavy physical work.
The Cedars-Sinai surgeons highlight the advantages of a spinal navigation technique that uses high-speed computerized tomography (CT) imaging to navigate in and around the spinal column from different angles.
Computer-guided surgical navigation technology delivers on quality and safety said J. Patrick Johnson MD a neurosurgery spine specialist and director of Spine Education and the Neurosurgery Spine Fellowship program in the Department of Neurosurgery.
This approach represents a major leap forward for instrumented spine surgery said Terrence T. Kim MD an orthopedic spine surgeon in the Cedars-Sinai Spine Center and expert in the computer-guided navigation field.
and the potential future use of robotic spine surgery with computer navigation. The special issue of the journal can be accessed at:
#NASAS OCO-2 brings sharp focus on global carbonsimply by breathing humans have played a small part in the planet-wide balancing act called the carbon cycle throughout our existence.
In July 2014 NASA will launch the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) to study the fate of carbon dioxide worldwide.
and is managed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena Calif. Carbon dioxide is both one of the best measured greenhouse gases
There's only so much research you can do speed at the of a bicycle. Oceanographers have made up some of the observational deficit by contracting with shipping lines to gather data along commercial routes.
In northern Siberia a region with no permanent settlements and few roads there are only six year-round monitoring sites across seven time zones.
and coverage needed to answer these questions about these little-monitored regions according to Ralph Basilio OCO-2 project manager at JPL.
https://oco. jpl. nasa. govoco-2 is one of five new NASA missions launching in 2014.
NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground-based observation campaigns.
NASA develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records
For more information about NASA's Earth science activities in 2014 visit: http://www. nasa. gov/earthrightnowstory Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Computer models soybean crop with 8. 5 percent more productivity, using 13 percent less watercrops that produce more
Drewry a former postdoctoral researcher who is now at the Jet propulsion laboratory at the California Institute of technology.
To cover such large areas BLM spreads seed from aircraft or with tractor and rangeland drill seeders usually in the fall or early winter.
If any development including paved roads can be seen they don't want be there. Seemingly low impact structures like fences
While they are a major economic driver for the U s. economy the legume is also crucial to the diets and livelihoods of millions of small farmers in Asia and Africa many of
and afternoon hours) â#¢Keep windows in the car and home closed â#¢Wash hair after working
Scientists from Virginia Tech the Woods Hole Research center and the University of California Santa barbara funded by NASA are collaborating with Brazilian scientists to explore the ecosystem consequences of the extreme droughts of 2005 and 2010 and the extreme flood
. In addition to historical records and ground observations the researchers will use newly available Earth System Data Records from NASA--satellite images of the Amazon and its tributaries over the complete high-and low-water cycles.
NASA is funding the study with a $1. 53 million grant shared among the three institutions.
When the transport and assembly of steel concrete and brick products is considered its share of fossil fuel burning is closer to 20%to 30%Oliver said.
Observatory and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Even if precipitation changes in the future are uncertain there are good reasons to be concerned about water resources.
and heavily trafficked roads. As a result many soil contaminants have been found at higher concentrations in urban centers.
#Satellite shows high productivity from U s. corn beltdata from satellite sensors show that during the Northern hemisphere's growing season the Midwest region of the United states boasts more photosynthetic activity than any other spot On earth according to NASA
Research in 2013 led by Joanna Joiner of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md. demonstrated that fluorescence from plants could be teased out of data from existing satellites
According to co-author Christian Frankenberg of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena Calif. The paper shows that fluorescence is a much better proxy for agricultural productivity than anything we've had before.
That's where missions with better resolution could help such as NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2--a mission planned for launch in July 2014 that will also measure solar-induced fluorescence.
and in combination with data from other upcoming satellites such as NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive scheduled for launch later this year.
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Fluids for each application have to balance an ability to flow with thermal transport properties.
and get extraordinary thermal transport without significant problems in viscosity. In tests the researchers dispersed nanodiamonds in mineral oil
and counseling established by Healthy People 2020 a national road map for improving health and eliminating health disparities.
Carbon dioxide emissions from the energy and transportation sectors currently account for the largest share of climate pollution.
#Health costs of air pollution from agriculture clarifiedammonia pollution from agricultural sources poses larger health costs than previously estimated according to NASA-funded research.
Harvard university researchers Fabien Paulot and Daniel Jacob used computer models including a NASA model of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to better represent how ammonia interacts in the atmosphere to form harmful particulate matter.
Next they used the NASA GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric composition to simulate the complex chemistry that converts agricultural emissions--in this case ammonia--into fine particulate matter.
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The only thing holding it in is said the ice shelf Robert Thomas a glaciologist at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island Va. who was involved not in the study.
The scientists then calculated how fast the ice was moving by tracking surface features such as cracks in the ice to determine the distance the glaciers traveled from month to month and year to year.
This research was funded by a grant from the NASA's Cryospheric Science Program and MEASURES program.
Delivering drugs through milk ductsanti-cancer drugs such as tamoxifen are administered normally through an oral tablet so the medication must travel through the bloodstream before reaching the breast tissue explains Perumal.
5%Lee County AR 0. 5%Lincoln County AR 0. 4%For women which counties had the fastest declines and the biggest annual increases in total cigarette smoking
but also farms orchards and even your car and your car insurance rate Kalisz says. Story Source:
while females stay near their nests male orchid bees travel with one study concluding they roam as far as 7 kilometers per day.
since male orchid bees habitually travel far they can keep bee populations connected and healthy.
But the biparental nuclear DNA showed more variation between individuals within an area offering evidence that males traveled
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