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Synopsis: Transport & travel: Air travel: Aircraft:

(or want to brave the free-falling Vomit Comet aircraft used by space agencies, which is enough to put anyone off their fries),

"While on the plane, I decided to play a game and pretend that it's caused by the loss of something rather than the addition of something.

Designed by Ralph Hooper and John Fozard of Hawker Aircraft, this highly sophisticated 50-year old aircraft has been modified

and updated throughout its life not just to give it greater power and performance, but to bring it into line with the world of computers, fly-by-wire and digital technology.

The AV-8B HARRIER flying with US MARINE CORPS today is a very different machine from the first of its kind,

Superficially, it might seem to be the same aircraft that first hovered in 1960 yet redesign has transformed it,

planes and power stations to name just a few. Without this"carbon sink  the world's ability to lock up carbon will be reduced

Plant-powered planes show promiseto the eye, there was nothing remarkable about the aging Falcon 20 jet as it took off from Ottawa International airport in Canada at the end of October in 2012.

the plane touched back down at the airport to secure its world first. Today, I flew the world's first 100%biofuel flight,

Unlike conventional aircraft which burn kerosene oe a polluting fossil fuel-Leslie's plane was powered by fuel derived from rapeseed oil.

"Estimates vary from 5 to 10%,because of the altitude at which aircraft fly. Emissions from planes have a different impact than they would on the ground.

 For example, the contrails from a jet oe those white streaks you sometimes see trailing a plane oe are known to cause high-altitude cirrus clouds,

"Probably 75%of the research and development dollars we invest in the commercial airplane side goes towards improving our environmental footprint.

 Long term,  new aircraft shapes could help, while even further into the future are the prospects of electric, hydrogen or even solar powered aircraft.

However, these kinds of development are years oe even decades oe away. In the short term biofuels are looked on as a potential savior as most commercial passenger jets can use them with little to no modification,

and because they seem to offer significant benefits. For example, newly released figures collected by a plane trailing the Canadian Falcon 20 suggested that there was a 50%reduction in aerosol emissions compared to conventional fuel.

 In 2008, Virgin Atlantic was the first to fly a plane on a blend of biofuel and regular jet fuel.

withat least 15  airlines and several aircraft manufacturers performing flight tests with various blends  containing up to 50%biofuel.

"We are convinced that sustainable biofuels can provide a way to reduce the CO2 by between 60 and 80%on an airplane,

Â"We really do believe that by 2030,30%of all airplane fuel could be provided by sustainable biofuels.

 And if you're still concerned about flying in a plane powered by plants,

any fuel that finds its way into a plane is controlled tightly and regulated.""There are 12 different parameters that you have to measure with exact precision to get certified to be a jet fuel,

Now, archaeologists around the world are beginning to embrace the same technique, flying aircraft over everything from Stonehenge to patches of scrub

Both the Chases and Fisher teams admit that cruising over the tree-tops in a plane does not totally supplant the need to get up close and personal with a site.

ranging from cataloguing stars in the distant corners of the universe with Galaxy Zoo to predicting the complex three dimensional structures of protein structures with Foldit.

Others are immediately obvious to anyone who has looked down at our continents from the window of a aircraft

showed that the skin cancer fighter also helped contribute to weight loss. Beyond weight loss, research shows that Vitamin d may also protect against diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.

and getting in the way of airplanes; 2. Cownose ray (below) for gobbling up the thousands of farmed oysters that wildlife officials have farmed throughout Chesapeake bay;(

. when the Vikings raised livestock in Greenland and grape vines were cultivated in Scotland, it was in fact warmer than it is today.

If you re going to do the Netjet thing##his is a service offering fractional aircraft ownership#for those who do not wish to buy outright

and private planes. We are mesmerized by such extravagances as Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen s 414-foot yacht, the Octopus,

Operating at less than 2%of the cost of today s car, truck, jet, ship, and train systems, this emerging tube transport system will be a massive undertaking that demands talented new-age thinkers for decades to come.

Megacopta cribraria, an insect that hitched a ride to Atlanta on a plane from Asia in 2009, eats kudzu.

which is thought best of as a software network that happens to have trucks, planes and distribution hubs attached.

flat array will all of the panels on a single plane. The other used the Fibonacci Sequence to create the same spiraled pattern he observed in the trees.

and Space Museum, imagine fostering his love of airplanes with trips to nearby Gravelly Point Park for front-seat views of the takeoffs and landings at Reagan National Airport.

water jets, bubblers, ponds, and trickling brooks, each water sculpture will stand alone as a fine work of art.

as well as the distinctive aromas of clerics, fighters, mages, paladins and such. I totally guessed that paladins smelled like vanilla

FIGHTER: Leather, musk, blood, and steel. MAGE: All mystique and thrumming power: gurjum balsam, Sumatran dragons blood resin, olibanum, galangal, oleo gum resin, and frankincense.

but Watson doesnt believe hostility is directed at the plane overhead. In other photographs of uncontacted people that Ive seen

and arrows pointed at the plane, or firing at the plane. That clearly denotes hostility,

#she said. In this picture, they appear to be isolated an people, looking up with curiosity.##Threatened by Illegal Logging Thackara

IBM also predicted real-time speech translation now exemplified by products like Samsung s Galaxy speech translation.

For example, Boeing s wide-body commercial jets are riveted now automatically by giant machines that move rapidly and precisely over the skin of the planes.

the company said it struggles to find enough workers to make its new 787 aircraft. Rather, the machines offer significant increases in precision and are safer for workers.

assembly work that requires tactile feedback like placing fiberglass panels inside airplanes, boats or cars;

A Nice Little Cabin in the Sky The typical plane cabin is drier than the Arizona desert,

But there are already planes in the air#made mostly of carbon fiber#that solve this problem. Carbon fiber is markedly stronger by weight than the aluminum used for most existing planes,

which means that the interior air pressure can be adjusted to more comfortable levels without the risk of damaging the fuselage.

Japan airlines and Nippon Airlines bought the first crop of these new planes. They re currently in service between Tokyo and Boston. 12.

It s kind of like you re sitting on the wings of a plane. The swiss company Bolliger & Mabillard had to completely reimagine the seat design to handle the stress caused by the differently distributed weight. 20.

The Sun traveling through the Galaxy happens to cross at the present time a blob of gas about ten light-years across, with a temperature of 6-7 thousand degrees kelvin.

These received massive attention recently as citizen scientists#discovered a huge increase in these in our galaxy.

These are the product of new star formation in the galaxy so something is turning on the power!

Levandowski used to tell people that the car was designed to chase tornadoes or to track mosquitoes,

chrome-plated age of jet packs and rocket ships, transporter beams and cities beneath the sea, of a predicted future still well beyond our technology.

Its Firebird III concept car#haped like a jet fighter, with titanium tail fins and a glass-bubble cockpit#as designed to run on a test track embedded with an electrical cable,

such as local buses and Amyris s experiment with GOL s planes. But dozens of other products are close to market,

when they made that first plane, #he says.##oethey made them, they went out there,

he thinks the economics favor a supersonic plane), Oster promotes a planetary network capable of speeding a passenger from New york to Beijing in two hours.#

Linear motors launch the capsules to jet-aircraft speeds and beyond; occasional linear motors en route maintain gaps between cars

Even in the closed tube of an airplane, they can get up and go to the bathroom, at least-neither Hyperloop nor ET3 appear to have included built-in bathrooms.#

and the town would offer a $100 bounty reward for shooters who bring in debris from an unmanned aircraft from the U s. government.

#oeso long as cargo was handled one item at a time, with long delays at the docks and complicated interchanges between trucks, trains, planes,

found themselves chartering planes to bring in parts they otherwise would have had shipped, at a cost of $600 per car.

aircraft in 2007 over the Harris Fire in San diego County in Southern California. That same technology could be adjusted to detect forest fires at a very early stage.

high altitude aircraft, low attitude drones, or some combination of these, monitoring hotspots and instantly determining the danger level is well within our grasp.

and slow lumbering slurry bombers that each dumped more than 2, 000 gallons of red chemical fire retardant on a formerly pristine mountainside.

How long before this same technology can be used to 3d print much larger items such as ships, stadiums, aircraft,

Today, satellites, manned planes and walking the field are the main ways farmers monitor their crops.

000 for a plane the farmer puts together up to around $160, 000 for a military-style device are equipped with infrared cameras,

He s used the aircraft, which covers about 80 acres an hour, to study how yields on his property are affected by changes in topography.

there is some uncertainty over how much flexibility the federal government has given really agriculture to use the aircraft.

Even farm operators and drone companies are divided over how much authority they have been given to fly the aircraft.

Until then, the agency said some operators will continue to incorrectly assume they can operate drones under the guise of existing model aircraft rules

which would cover planes flown for personal use below 400 feet, within eyesight and a safe distance from airports and populated areas.

We are concerned about any (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) operation that poses a hazard to other aircraft or to people and property on the ground,

As the universe and space itself expanded the wavelength of this light was stretched into the microwave range to become the<a href=http://www. space. com/23285-galaxies-classification-type-explainer-infographic. html target=blank

from here on the universe took on the features we see today with<a href=http://www. space. com/23285-galaxies-classification-type-explainer-infographic. html target=-blank>galaxies</a>full of stars surrounded by planetary systems.

when researchers estimated(<a href=http://www. pnas. org/content/110/48/19273. abstract target=blank>PNAS Nov 26 2013</a>)that there could be 8 billion or 9 billion stars in our galaxy

and adjacent areas by a Twin Otter airplane that collects ecological measurements with state-of-the-art remote-sensing instruments.

#Can a Tornado Blow Straw Into a Tree? There are a lot of tall tales surrounding tornadoes some rooted in fact and others based on fiction.

One popular story suggests that the strong winds of a tornado can blow a single piece of straw straight into a tree trunk.

But how does this legend hold up in the real world? According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Storm Prediction Center the old straw story is just a lot of hot air.

However NOAA does concede that the intense winds generated by a tornado are capable of twisting trees

And since the most severe tornadoes in recorded history have reached only wind speeds of 205 mph (330 km h) it's unlikely that a twister could ever re-create this damage.

Imagine what it would be like to be stuck in an area equivalent for humans to the size of an airplane seat for virtually your entire life.

#Can We Protect Against The next Moore Tornado? The scenes of devastation in Moore Okla. after a possibly 2-mile-wide tornado tore apart schools and homes on Monday (May 20) led to an inevitable question:

Could anything have been done to save buildings and lives? The answer according to tornado experts and building engineers is yes though there are roadblocks in the way.

Some are scientific because meteorologists have yet to fully grasp why tornadoes form when they form

and how to predict their paths. Others are economic: Building a tornado-proof building for example is already completely possible albeit very expensive.

There's no doubt we could engineer something that could withstand an EF4 or EF5 tornado said Darryl James a professor of mechanical engineering at Texas Tech University.

The question is who could afford it? Despite these challenges researchers are working to make sure future tornadoes wreak less destruction

whether that means getting a better grip on where tornadoes are likely to form and move or protecting property

and people once the tornadoes have arrived. Â Â Predicting twisters The Moore Okla. tornado touched down at 2: 56 p m. CDT (3: 56 p m. EDT) on May 20

and spent 40 minutes on the ground carving a 17-mile-long (27 kilometers) path of destruction through the Oklahoma city suburb.

The National Weather Service pegged the tornado as an EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale meaning winds reached more than 200 mph (322 km h).

) See images of the Moore tornado damage Tornados as strong as the one that ravaged Moore are relatively rare.

About 95 percent of tornadoes in the United states are EF2S or below according to the National Climatic Data center.

Only about 1 percent reach EF5 status. Predicting which storms will generate monster tornadoes or any tornadoes at all remains a challenge.

The basics of tornado formation are simple enough. When wind and humidity conditions are right thunderstorm systems can begin to rotate

and become what are called supercells. Supercells are marked by the presence of a mesocyclone a rotating updraft of air that can sometimes create a funnel cloud.

Exactly why this happens in some storms and not others is a key mystery. We're trying to be able to figure out why of two pretty much identical supercells one will generate a tornado

and one won't said Amy Mcgovern a computer scientist at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. Mcgovern and her colleagues are among the researchers trying to improve tornado predictions.

Using supercomputer simulations she and her team are working to model tornadoes on a very fine scale tracking their movements to within 165 to 245 feet (50 to 75 meters).

On-the-ground observations can only take researchers so far Mcgovern said. Radar can't sense every component of the wind's movement for example.

or temperature to see whether and how each influences tornado formation. At the 165-to 245-foot level of precision building a stable realistic simulation is difficult.

The team has done similar work to predict airplane turbulence with great success so once the database of simulated storms is built using them to predict real-world weather should be said successful she.

when a tornado is bearing down. On Monday the National Weather Service office in Norman Okla. gave residents 16 minutes of warning before the tornado even formed based on radar indicators that the storm clouds were circulating in such a way that a tornado was likely.

That 16 minutes is 3 more minutes than the average tornado warning time of 13 minutes.

The actual time most residents had to seek shelter was been longer because it took the tornado time to reach them.)

Ultimately researchers want to get quicker. Mcgovern's work could help meteorologists look for clues in storms that make tornado conditions more likely.

The eventual goal said William Gallus a meteorologist at Iowa State university is warn-on-forecast.

In other words meteorologists would be able to forecast tornadoes and issue warnings rather than waiting to see rotation

Using tornado simulators Gallus and his colleagues are working on understanding how local topography affects the way a tornado might move

and strengthen. For example they've found that ridges cause tornadoes to deviate left as they climb up

and right as they descend. Narrow valleys can also funnel wind into tornadoes from a mile

or so away Gallus said causing damage far afield from the actual funnel cloud. 50 Amazing Tornado Facts Moore in particular has been hit by three violent tornadoes in less than 15 years:

One in 1999 one in 2003 and one on Monday. Most scientists see that as a coincidence

Statistically that should not happen for about a million years to have a violent tornado pass by the same spot three times

Gallus isn't the only researcher looking to get a hyper-local look at how tornadoes work.

Tornado protection Once a tornado is on its way though saving lives can be a matter of having a place to Go in Moore students at Plaza Towers Elementary huddled in interior hallways

and bathrooms but a direct hit by the tornado collapsed most of the building. Likewise homes in neighborhoods hit by the tornado were destroyed completely.

As of Wednesday the death toll stood at 24 10 of whom were children. Video:

War Zone Sad experience is teaching that some old tornado safety tricks aren't as effective as hoped particularly

when buildings aren't designed with tornado safety in mind. In Joplin Miss. a 2011 tornado killed 158 according to the National Weather Service (the city of Joplin pegs the death toll at 161.

Among the devastated buildings was a local high school and some of the spots disaster experts would normally suggest people go for shelter turned out to be among the most badly damaged there.

Building in tornado country Even in Tornado Alley buildings are designed to withstand only 90 mph (145 km h) straight-line winds said Partha Sarkar who studies wind engineering and aerodynamics at Iowa State university.

and doesn't take into account even the most common types of tornadoes. An EF1 tornado can sustain gusts of up to 110 mph (177 km h).

) What's more Sarkar said rotational tornado winds can put even stronger stresses on buildings than straight-line winds.

A 90-mph tornado can be much more damaging than a 90-mph straight gust.

The buildings are designed simply not to withstand that level of wind he told Livescience. The Deadliest Tornadoes in U s. History Designing a tornado-proof building is said expensive Sarkar.

You need reinforced masonry steel or composite materials instead of timber and enhanced connections between walls foundations and roofs

and that will certainly help to make them stand up to most medium-intensity tornadoes EF2S EF3S maybe Sarkar said.

Another option would be tornado shelters another feature frequently missing from Tornado Alley construction. The storm shelters today are designed for 250 mph (402 km h) wind speeds

and we feel that is higher than will ever be experienced at the ground level in a tornado said Ernst Kiesling a mechanical engineer at Texas Tech and the executive director of the National Storm Shelter Association.

Shelter from the storm Unfortunately cost prevents homeowners in even tornado-prone areas from installing these shelters.

For Sarkar tornado-ready construction is a national issue. It's not going to go away he said.

During the war The british Royal air force developed a new type of radar technology that helped pilots shoot down German enemy planes at night according to Smithsonian Magazine.

#Coolest Science Stories of the Week<p></p><p>Answers to old questions a clue to ancient Viking lore and the upside of being a psychopath all made our top stories this week.</

lore has suggested that the Vikings used special crystals to find their way under less than-sunny skies.

Though none of these so-called sunstones have ever been found at Viking archaeological sites a crystal uncovered in a British shipwreck could help prove they did indeed exist.</

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27696-viking-sunstone-shipwreck. html target=blank>First Evidence of Viking-Like'Sunstone'Found</a p><p

SAN MATEO Calif. The word drone tends to conjure up images of planes that kill terrorists or of creepy surveillance tools.

But tiny drone airplanes made of foam may be more useful in rural environments one researcher says.

Photos of Unmanned Aircraft Vast unknown The automation of farming has led to fewer farmers tending massive plots of land.

 Plane power Drones provide a potential solution to this problem because they can provide high-resolution images of crops are cheap to make

Anderson is developing tiny foam drone airplanes that fly using a $170 autopilot essentially a brain for the plane that works in any kind of automated vehicle.

That information allows the planes to stitch pictures together more accurately getting a better image of

and near-infrared images which could be captured in drone airplane imagery. More precise imagery could also allow farmers to target pesticides just to the plants that need them reducing how much ends up in the food supply Anderson said.

When confronted with a raging wildfire such as the Rim Fire now threatening California's Yosemite Valley the U s Forest Service has several weapons in its firefighting arsenal including ground crews who create firebreaks and aircraft that dump water

In 2002 a plane inadvertently dumped thousands of gallons of fire retardant into the Fall River in Oregon causing the immediate death of roughly 21000 trout whitefish

and some airplanes don't have a 13th row. There's a reason why the Beijing Olympics began at exactly 8: 08:08 p m. local time on 8/8/08:

The pilot s challenge is to bring the aircraft s speed close to zero at the exact moment

and velocity so one day soon we may even use this relatively simple algorithm to land aircraft on many types of surfaces without the need to know the exact distance from the aircraft to the landing zone.

and landing one day we may be able to land remotely piloted aircraft on uneven vertical surfaces such as part of a collapsed building allowing us to locate potential survivors.

Researchers are launching javelin-shaped devices out of airplanes to help answer that question and find out what's going on in some of the frozen continent's most inaccessible places.

I flew over the boreal forest in a small four-seat airplane and watched colossal tree-cutting operations clearing thousands of acres of trees flying over miles of virgin forests that had already been leased for new mines.

Elkins and his team flew over the rain forests in an airplane shooting laser pulses at the ground in a method called light detection and ranging (Lidar.

Keith put the plane into a steep dive to gain the speed to outrun the cloud of incandescent gas;

Dorothy continued to photograph the eruption through the rear windows of the plane as they made their escape.

High above Earth's surface extreme ultraviolet radiation from the sun reacts with air molecules to produce gigantic jets of lightning up to 56 miles (90 kilometers) tall that shoot up to the edge of space.

In 2001 scientists discovered these jets of lightning arcing from clouds in the lowest portion of the atmosphere the troposphere up to the ionosphere.

Based on its analysis of the colors of individual items on the belt it controls air jets that blow bad grapes and detritus off the belt and sorts the remaining berries into grades for production of various qualities

or banqueting hall Overall the palace was built to impress. oeversailles is a mirage a sumptuous and theatrical entertainment.

and holding a thunderbolt like a projectile Louis sits godlike on a silver chariot pushed by Hercules while riding roughshod over female personifications of nearby enemy towns.

That information is combined with multi-spectral images of fields taken by advanced camera systems from satellites and airplanes.

#Radar Plane Scans South american Landscapes NASA's globetrotting remote-sensing plane wrapped up a month-long trip to Central

Its GPS SYSTEM flies the plane in a line with real-time corrections via satellite phone providing global coverage.

#Radar Plane Scans Volcanoes, Archaeological Sites NASA's globetrotting remote-sensing plane wrapped up a month-long trip to Central

Its GPS SYSTEM flies the plane in a line with real-time corrections via satellite phone providing global coverage.

Essentially slow-flying planes send constant laser pulses groundward as they pass over the rain forest imaging the topography below the thick forest canopy.

With everything from printed metal airplane wings to replacement organs on the horizon could printed food be next?

The Sugar Lab had adapted 3d Systems'Color Jet Printing (CJP) technology to print flavoured edible binders on a sugar bed to fabricate solid structures.

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