Synopsis: Waterways & watercourses:


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#Pineapple: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts Spiny on the outside sweet on the inside pineapples are one fantastic fruit.


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The Eastern wolf also known as Great lakes wolf Eastern timber wolf Algonquin wolf or deer wolf has been deemed a distinct species from their western cousins according to a review by U s. Fish and Wildlife Service scientists.


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But the discovery of fossilized Agathis leaves branches and cones in the rich deposits at Argentina's Laguna del Hunco suggests the tree covered much more ground in prehistoric times.

The layers of volanic ash and lake sediments at Laguna del Hunco have turned up some other amazing ancient plants including a fossilized tomatillo and the remains of eucalyptus buds and flowers.


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They focused on the western Sierra between about 6000 and 8000 feet (1800 and 2400 meters) above sea level where glaciers did not remove soil during the last ice age.


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The lanternfishes congregate in an ocean region called the polar front where cold polar water meets the warmer tropical water creating a sharp temperature gradient.


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Methane gas comes from natural sources such as decomposing plants in wetlands and from human activities including oil and gas production and animals and manure on farms.


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It's unlikely that the woman's bananas were infested truly with deadly spider eggs said Richard Vetter a retired research associate of entomology at the University of California Riverside.

which are found mostly in South america including the eastern coast of Brazil. A small number of them also go into Costa rica Vetter said.

These spiders live on the eastern coast of Brazil near centers of banana production but their reputations as deadly pests are exaggerated greatly Vetter said.


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when life outside of the oceans began to diversify. At the beginning of the Triassic most of the continents were concentrated in the giant C-shaped supercontinent known as Pangaea.

Late in the Triassic seafloor spreading in the Tethys Sea led to rifting between the northern and southern portions of Pangaea

The oceans had been depopulated massively by the Permian Extinction when as many as 95 percent of extant marine genera were wiped out by high carbon dioxide levels.

The mid-to late Triassic period shows the first development of modern stony corals and a time of modest reef building activity in the shallower waters of the Tethys near the coasts of Pangaea.

Early in the Triassic a group of reptiles the Order ichthyosauria returned to the ocean. Fossils of early ichthyosaurs are lizard-like

By the mid-Triassic the ichthyosaurs were dominant in the oceans. One genus Shonisaurus measured more than 50 feet long (15 meters)


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A photographer even snapped a shot of a croc cousin the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in a tree about 4 to 6 feet (2 to 3 meters) above the water at the Pearl river Delta in Mississippi.


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#Stress Makes Antarctic Penguins Less-Attentive Parents Stress induced by changes in Antarctic sea ice may cause adult male Adã lie penguins to be less attentive to their chicks and may increase chick mortality according to a new study.

Adã lie penguins#medium-size cousins of emperor penguins common along much of the Antarctic coastline spend lots of time on sea ice searching for the krill that they feed on in the water below.

In recent years changes in the distribution of sea ice have forced the penguins to travel farther

Adã lie penguins Cope with Changing Sea Ice Conditions. Changed ice more stress As the distribution of sea ice is projected to continue to change throughout the century as climate change progresses researchers based at the University of Strasbourg in France were interested in determining how this environmental stress may impact the future population of Adã lies on the southernmost continent.

The team traveled down to the eastern coast of Antarctica to observe a colony during a breeding season from Mid-november 2009 through Mid-february 2010

and captured and treated 10 adult males with pellets containing corticosterone a stress hormone common in birds.

But the new findings do add to the growing body of evidence suggesting penguin populations may shrink with future changes in sea ice.

But the problem in recent years would be the food availability and the sea-ice conditions in Antarctica.

Changes in sea-ice distribution hit one particular Adã lie colony hard this year: On eastern Antarctica's Petrel Island not a single chick has survived the 2013-2014 summer season among the 20000 breeding pairs that live there Thierry said.


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North and West Frisian spoken around the Rhine estuary; and Danish primarily spoken in the area along the Danish border.


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</p><p>Pacific gray whales migrate thousands of miles from cold plankton-rich Arctic waters to relatively nutrient-poor tropical lagoons off of the coast of Mexico where they give birth.


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which allowed crops to be grown further away from rivers and water sources. Although the role of irrigation systems in creating despotic states has been overstated in the past they certainly would have created an opportunity for would-be leaders to behave entrepreneurially by managing their construction.

Indeed the most despotic early states arose in locations such as Egypt where agriculture had to happen in a narrow valley along the Nile making dispersal very difficult.


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Green sea turles (Chelonia myadis) on the other hand are herbivores that feed on algae and seagrasses. A freshwater turtle's diet is varied


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and Scenic River passage in Idaho and the Lolo Pass through Montana transforming a winding and isolated two lane highway surrounded by the largest wilderness area in the lower 48 into an industrial corridor that would serve the tar-sands

and Idaho Rivers United along with the Nez Perce Nation state and federal courts intervened last year to stop the use of the U s. Route 12-Lolo Pass route until additional environmental analyses could take place.

or Wild and Scenic River but nowhere are there so many within the same area with such quality access as there is here#many perceive that use of the Highway 12 corridor as a frequent route for oversize hauling could affect the unique setting recreational experiences

The route includes the incomparable Craters of the moon national monument the Salmon river corridor Idaho's unique Camas Prairie (home to the some of the largest intact cold freshwater springs in North america) and Montana's Blackfoot River corridor.

I cannot support authorization of such oversized loads through the National Forest or within the Wild and Scenic River Corridor.

As reported by numerous observers the first Exxonmobil shipments along Route 12 on the Clearwater River knocked down trees

That is something everyone who cares about the wild and scenic river areas of the world should eagerly embrace.


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which is a cascade of events that protects cells from the stress caused by high temperatures.


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and life in the dark oceans was driven nearly to extinction. Yet somewhere in the midst of this two-headed crisis a new and more complex form of life emerged:

and other effects that were devastating for most land plants and animals and much of life in the sea.


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Working with conservation organization Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS) Google street view and Google earth teams have collected ground-and river-level images of the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve a protected

and the efforts under way to preserve the Gulf Coast. And the United nations'environmental voice the U n. Environment Programme is using Google technology to explore the Earth's changing landscape


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Like a river saliva washes out some of the bacteria in the mouth&quot; she said.</


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The 1-month-old calf mummy named Lyuba was discovered in 2007 by a reindeer herder on the banks of a frozen river on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia.

A mammoth-ivory hunter found the second mummy which researchers named Khroma after the river in Yakutia in which she was found frozen upright in permafrost.

The baby mammoth was likely crossing a frozen lake with her mother when she crashed through the ice

It was just a matter of minutes before she would have lost consciousness Fast-flowing river Khroma was also healthy

But Khroma had broken a back and mud from a fast-flowing river in her trachea.

So it's possible Khroma was standing on a riverbank when it collapsed leading her to fall break her back


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and a forest ecologist with the U s. Geological Survey (USGS) in Three Rivers Calif. The results of the survey of 403 tree species around the world suggest that trees never suffer the ill effects of old age.


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Rob Robbins and Steve Rupp have been diving under the Antarctic sea ice for a combined 60 years.

above an old mulberry couch a map labeled Ross Sea Soundings in Fathom and Feet;

Man in the Sea Volumes I & II; Mixed Gas Diving; and the Antarctica Scientific Diving Manual which includes this advice:

Beneath 10 feet of sea ice is a wildly colorful dense and ever-changing aquatic landscape

and they may not have the capacity to adapt to our swiftly escalating ocean temperatures and acidification of the water.

a tiny heated shed plopped on top of a large hole drilled in the middle of the Ross Sea ice.

which simulate the best-and worst-case scenarios for ocean warming and acidification forecasted for the next century.

In the past 200 years the ocean has absorbed 50 percent of our skyrocketing carbon emissions and even if we hugely curb our destructive output the ocean is headed still for a record change in temperature and chemical makeup.

Todgham and her team want to know how the combination of warming and acidity will impact these fragile fish

Somewhere below the sea ice as we dug into our mashed potatoes and green beans hundreds of dragonfish mothers stood guarding their eggs dedicated and hardworking guardians of the next generation.*


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or wedge into the ocean with volcanoes Chiappe said. It was a moist temperate forest mostly of conifer trees and gingkos with dry hot summers and pretty cold winters.

Lakes in the region held fish frogs and salamanders. It was uncertain what Changyuraptor ate


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#Massive Antarctic Glacier Uncontrollably Retreating, Study Suggests The glacier that contributes more to sea level rise than any other glacier on Antarctica has hit a tipping point of uncontrollable retreat

which would raise average global sea level by between 10 and 16 feet (3 and 5 meters).

As it slips into the ocean the glacier's ice shelf#the part that floats on water

Last year an iceberg larger than the city of Chicago broke off into the surrounding Amundsen Sea.'

Their models suggest that this would cause the glacier to uncontrollably retreat about 25 miles (40 kilometers) over the next several decades potentially raising global sea levels by more than 0. 4 inches (1 centimeter.

For example La Niã a a weather pattern related to El Niã o that brings cold-water masses up the coast of South america into the central equatorial Pacific

and eventually along the coast of Antarctica originates as far away as the equatorial tropics and has a significant impact on the behavior of the glacier.


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Wild goats live all over the world from the hot and dry Galapagos islands to the cold and wet islands off the west coast of Scotland Mcelligott said.


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This is true in the case of Rio tinto s program in Madagascar off the coast of southeast Africa where the company is mining ilmenite used to produce titanium dioxide for paint.


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#Tomatoes Watered by the Sea: Sprouting a New Way of Farming (Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.

At the top of the Spencer Gulf near Port Augusta in South australia Sundrop Farms is turning sunlight and seawater into fresh water and food inside greenhouses.

Philipp Saumweber is a Harvard MBA formerly of investment bank Goldman sachs who was struck by the basic idea that food needs to be produced in a very different way from how it largely is today.

Similar farms could be located anywhere there is an arid coastline: in Africa the Middle east Central and Latin america or parts of Asia.


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ocean explorers Sylvia Earle and Walter Munk; retired NASA astronaut Franklin Chang DÃ az; and planetary scientist Maria Zuber.


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Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky the 19th-century Russian composer is renowned world for Swan Lake and the 1812 Overture among other pieces.


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#Nearly 600 Years of Tree Rings Show Altered Ocean Habitat Ocean currents that deliver important nutrients to shallow coastal waters have become weaker and more variable over the last half-century

Data records spanning almost 600 years have shown that the strength of coastal upwelling off the west coast of North america has become more variable since 1950.

Researchers pieced together this long-term look at ocean trends from an unlikely source: tree rings. Coastal upwelling happens

when winter winds lift deep nutrient-rich waters up to the shallow layers of the sea.

The Wonders of the Deep Sea But the weather pattern that causes the coastal upwelling also blocks storms from coming ashore.

when a strong high-pressure weather system develops along the west coast of the continent. The system spins clockwise

That spin combines with the rotation of the Earth to move the waters off shore


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so they live in and around lagoons or lakes. These bodies of water tend to be saline or alkaline.

and orange while lesser flamingos of the drought-plagued Lake Nakuru in central Kenya tend to be a paler pink.

To eat flamingos will stir up the bottom of the lake with their feet and duck their beaks down into the mud and water to catch their meal.


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The parasite egg hails from the Fertile Crescent a region around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the middle East where some of the first irrigation techniques were invented about 7500 years ago.

The site also lies on a floodplain where the Euphrates and Balikh Rivers meet. When the rivers overflowed their banks water would have spread across the adjacent plains

and inhabitants may have built little mud retaining walls to keep the water on the fields for longer.

Even today farmers along Egypt's Nile river use similar irrigation methods. The farmers could have waded into the water-covered fields to do weeding

and planting and the rivers'warm slow-moving water would have been an ideal breeding ground for the snail hosts of the parasite Stein said.


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Varner is studying pikas in Oregon's Columbia river Gorge where this rabbit relative munches on moss instead of grass and flowers.

In 2011 the Dollar Lake fire burned more than 6000 acres (about 2400 hectares) of the Mount Hood National Forest.

Varner a doctoral student in biology at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City was unaware of the fire until she returned to her field site on Pinnacle Ridge in 2012 and discovered it was destroyed.

According to satellite data and the U s. Forest Service the Dollar Lake fire hit the slope between Sept. 11


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In 1979 when I was fending off mosquitoes at the Continental divide the official National park service estimate was down to 75 glaciers


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Scientists think the shrinking glacier could raise global sea level by up to 0. 4 inches (10 millimeters) in the next few decades.

and its flow to the sea has sped up. The glacier's grounding line the point at

warm ocean water melting the ice shelf that holds the glacier back like a buttress. Ice shelves are the portions of glaciers that float on the water.

Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Is Rifting Before Pine Island Glacier starting shrinking about 8000 years ago there was a large ice shelf in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.

The Embayment is a divot in the Antarctic coastline that is the end of the line for one of West Antarctica's three major ice drainages.

when warmer ocean waters melted it from below. The same scenario plays out today with warm ocean currents melting the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves studies show.


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when playing in the sea than at other times perhaps because they are more conspicuous and less vigilant.


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The Amazon river basin is home to the largest rainforest On earth covering about 2. 67 million square miles (6. 9 million square kilometers) in seven countries.


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Now industry holdouts like Seaboard Foods The National Pork Producers Council and the National Pork Board have a choice:


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A new analysis of three ancient Peruvian human skeletons that date to between A d. 1028 and 1280 well before Europeans landed on American shores shows evidence of tuberculosis including skeletal lesions


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In 2013 scientists discovered evidence that this delayed response actually happened a layer of volcanic ash from an eruption in Iceland found in ancient mud on the floor of Lake Meerfelder Maar in western Germany.

and his colleagues analyzed more sediment from Lake Meerfelder Maar. They examined the organic remains of land

Rapid change Prior studies found that 170 years after the onset of cooling North Atlantic winter sea ice reached southward enough to channel dry polar air into Western europe


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and the east coast Maromizaha is readily accessible to ecotourists who want to do a bit of hiking.


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Around 500 bighorn sheep can be found on Tiburã n Island in the Gulf of california today but that population descends from a group of animals brought there by conservationists in 1975.

We hypothesize that isolation of the prehistoric Tiburã n bighorn sheep population resulting from sea level rise combined with subsequent drivers that act on small populations including inbreeding overharvesting by hunters

and megadroughts typical of Northern Mexico and the Southwestern U s a. figured in their local extinction the researchers led by Ben Wilder of the University of California Riverside wrote in their paper.


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The pygmy three-toed slothis on the IUCN Species Survival Commission's top 100 listof most threatened species. These tiny sloths can only be found on Escudo Island which is found off the coast of Panama.

To get to the rivers for a swim sloths will drop themselves off of branches into the water.


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Colorado river Reaches Gulf (Photos) For the first time in 16 years freshwater from the Colorado river has flowed into the salty waters of the Gulf of california.

On Thursday (May 15) a high tide surged past a stubborn sandbar and connected the river with the Sea of Cortez said Francisco Zamora director of the Colorado river Delta Legacy Program for the Sonoran Institute.

Because of water use upstream little flow from the 1450-mile Colorado river 2330 kilometers has reached the sea in 50 years.

Zamora watched the high tides make the final link between river and sea last week via a pilot channel dug by the Sonoran Institute to increase freshwater flow into the Gulf of california.

The freshwater comes from agricultural runoff and releases from wastewater treatment plants. The seawater ran north through the Rio Hardy a series of swampy wetlands and mudflats that drains 15 miles (24 km) downstream into Gulf waters.

Images: Colorado river Connects With Sea The reunion is the end of a 53-day journey for the long-planned Colorado river pulse flow an artificial flood meant to restore the river's parched delta.

The water comes from an international agreement called Minute 319. The plan allocates about 1 percent of the river's flow to a five-year experiment that will mimic spring floods in the delta.

The goal is bring back the plants and animals that once thrived in the river's outlet.

When the pulse flow was unleashed on March 23 from the Morales Dam scientists didn't know

if the water would enter the Gulf or remain in the river's broad delta.

Seeing the Colorado complete its journey broadens the project's restoration potential Zamora said. After waiting for two months it was very exciting to see Zamora told Live Science's Our Amazing Planet.

This pulse flow opens the door for new possibilities for restoring riparian and estuary habitats.

While much of the delta is choked with salt-loving tamarisk (an invasive salt cedar) now conservationists hope to see more riparian habitat growing after the pulse flow:

cottonwood and willow forests along with wetlands thick with cattail marshes. The flood was timed for the spring seed release from these trees to provide moist ground for seedlings.

Though the amount of water reaching the estuary habitat where river mixes with sea will likely be said small Zamora it could help the hundreds of bird species who nest in the Gulf

and perhaps even restore some species that had vanished from the estuary. I think everyone is excited very about the opportunities Zamora said.


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While the study is unlikely to settle the scientific debate it does support the idea that Earth's global warming continues in the ocean even

whether ocean heat storage is responsible for the hiatus versus not enough heat reaching the surface of the Earth said study co-author Ka-Kit Tung of the University of Washington in Seattle.

Earth's Tallest Mountain to Deepest Ocean Trench Global storage closet Scientists have blamed the oceans for the global warming pause before

However in seeking to test this idea with temperature data oceanographer Xianyao Chen of the Ocean University of China in Qingdao

Tung and Chen then searched ocean by ocean until they hit on the North Atlantic where the heat was playing hooky The pair primarily relied on Argo floats which record ocean temperature

Unfortunately the massive array of ocean temperature measurements by Argo floats has only been made after the early 2000s just

So being conclusive about each ocean basin is limited by data availability. Tung and Chen noticed that the North Atlantic's heat content (a measure of stored energy) shifted in 1999 about

The ocean started absorbing heat at depths below 984 feet (300 m).(The South Atlantic ocean also took up some heat.

These regions stored more heat energy than the rest of the world's oceans combined even the enormous Pacific ocean the researchers'temperature data show.

The AMOC is part of a worldwide ocean conveyor belt. Here's how the AMOC works: In the North Atlantic salty tropical water flowing north cools off and sinks.

When the water sinks it traps heat in the ocean depths. Ocean surface temperatures drive the current:

fast when cold slow when warm. Images: The World's Biggest Oceans and Seas Between 1945 and 1975 the cycle was in a cool phase sucking up atmospheric heat at a rapid pace.

Toward the end of this cycle in the 1970s scientists noticed a suspected global cooling that was touted as the beginning of a possible Ice age.

Finally in 1999 the current switched back to a cold speedy plunge into the ocean depths taking extra heat along with it.

I still think the Pacific ocean is playing the lead role in this ocean heat uptake but this study is important as it points to an additional role from the Atlantic

and Southern Oceans said England who co-authored the Aug 3 Nature Climate Change study. Email Becky Oskin or follow her@beckyoskin. Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.


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Rapid erosion of these mountains contributed large amounts of sediment to lowlands and shallow ocean basins.

Sea levels were high with much of western North america under water. Climate of the continental interior regions was very warm during the Devonian period and generally quite dry.

The Devonian period was a time of extensive reef building in the shallow water that surrounded each continent and separated Gondwana from Euramerica.

Reef ecosystems contained numerous brachiopods still numerous trilobites tabulate and horn corals. Placoderms (the armored fishes) underwent wide diversification

Early tetrapods probably evolved from Lobe-finned fishes able to use their muscular fins to take advantage of the predator-free and food-rich environment of the new wetland ecosystems.

Tiktaalik was probably mostly aquatic walking#on the bottom of shallow water estuaries. It had a fishlike pelvis


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for example people living near coastlines are often better off because the prevailing winds tend to carry pollen away.


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Transparency is a theme for two other new species. The itsy-bitsy shrimp Liropus minusculus was found in a cave on Santa catalina Island off the coast of California.

The creature scavenges spikey structures from sea sponges and builds a shell out of them then extends armlike appendages out to feed on tiny invertebrates.

The first specimens were discovered off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean sea. Scientists found another new species a mysterious microbe living where it shouldn't have been.


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It will slowly trundle across the region over the next few days pulling up juicy moisture-laden air from over the Gulf of mexico.


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Lemurs are a primate found naturally only in Madagascar the world s fourth largest island located about 250 miles off the coast of southern Africa.


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<a href=http://www. livescience. com/44171-society-civilization-collapse-study. html target=blank>Society Is doomed Scientists Claim</a p><p>Like camels of the sea a species

when rain falls new research suggests.</</p><p>Perhaps six or seven months of the year these snakes are living thirsty said Coleman Sheehy III an evolutionary biologist at the University of Florida

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/44190-sea-snakes-dehydrate. html target=blank>Camels of the Ocean:


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The first fossils of flowering plants or angiosperms resembled the brush that grows along fast-flowing streams and rivers.


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Celsius) and nutrient-poor sandy soil it's easy to see why agriculture hasn't taken off for the nations of the Persian gulf.


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